51
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Guo K, Guo Z, Ludlow JM, Xie T, Liao S, Newkome GR, Wesdemiotis C. Characterization of Metallosupramolecular Polymers by Top-Down Multidimensional Mass Spectrometry Methods. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1539-52. [PMID: 26248126 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Top-down multidimensional mass spectrometry, interfacing electrospray ionization (ESI) with ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), and energy resolved (gradient) tandem mass spectrometry (gMS(2) ) are employed to characterize the stoichiometries, architectures, and intrinsic stabilities of coordinatively bound supramolecular polymers containing terpyridine functionalized ligands. As a soft ionization method, ESI prevents or minimizes unwanted assembly destruction. The IM dimension affords separation of the supramolecular ions by charge and collision cross-section (a function of size and shape). The mobility separated ions are subsequently identified by their mass-to-charge-ratios and isotope patterns in the orthogonal MS dimension. Finally, the gMS(2) dimension reveals bond breaking proclivities and disintegration pathways of the assemblies. The described methodology does not require high sample purity due to the dispersive nature of the IM and MS steps. Its utility is demonstrated with the comprehensive analysis of bisterpyridine-based metallomacrocycle mixtures and a tristerpyridine based complex with 3-D nanosphere-like architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Guo
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Zaihong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - James M Ludlow
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Tingzheng Xie
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Shengyun Liao
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - George R Newkome
- Departments of Chemistry and Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Departments of Chemistry and Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
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52
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Xie T, Guo K, Guo Z, Gao W, Wojtas L, Ning G, Huang M, Lu X, Li J, Liao S, Chen Y, Moorefield CN, Saunders MJ, Cheng SZD, Wesdemiotis C, Newkome GR. Precise Molecular Fission and Fusion: Quantitative Self‐Assembly and Chemistry of a Metallo‐Cuboctahedron. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting‐Zheng Xie
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44256 (USA)
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44256 (USA)
| | - Zaihong Guo
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44256 (USA)
| | - Wen‐Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE205, Tampa, FL 33620 (USA)
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE205, Tampa, FL 33620 (USA)
| | - Guo‐Hong Ning
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo (Japan)
| | - Mingjun Huang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44256 (USA)
| | - Xiaocun Lu
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44256 (USA)
| | - Jing‐Yi Li
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44256 (USA)
| | - Sheng‐Yun Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384 (China)
| | - Yu‐Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago, Argonne, IL 60439 (USA)
| | | | - Mary Jane Saunders
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431 (USA)
| | - Stephen Z. D. Cheng
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44256 (USA)
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44256 (USA)
| | - George R. Newkome
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44256 (USA)
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53
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Xie TZ, Guo K, Guo Z, Gao WY, Wojtas L, Ning GH, Huang M, Lu X, Li JY, Liao SY, Chen YS, Moorefield CN, Saunders MJ, Cheng SZD, Wesdemiotis C, Newkome GR. Precise Molecular Fission and Fusion: Quantitative Self-Assembly and Chemistry of a Metallo-Cuboctahedron. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9224-9. [PMID: 26094872 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inspiration for molecular design and construction can be derived from mathematically based structures. In the quest for new materials, the adaptation of new building blocks can lead to unexpected results. Towards these ends, the quantitative single-step self-assembly of a shape-persistent, Archimedean-based building block, which generates the largest molecular sphere (a cuboctahedron) that has been unequivocally characterized by synchrotron X-ray analysis, is described. The unique properties of this new construct give rise to a dilution-based transformation into two identical spheres (octahedra) each possessing one half of the molecular weight of the parent structure; concentration of this octahedron reconstitutes the original cuboctahedron. These chemical phenomena are reminiscent of biological fission and fusion processes. The large 6 nm cage structure was further analyzed by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and collision cross-section analysis. New routes to molecular encapsulation can be envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Zheng Xie
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44256 (USA)
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44256 (USA)
| | - Zaihong Guo
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44256 (USA)
| | - Wen-Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE205, Tampa, FL 33620 (USA)
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE205, Tampa, FL 33620 (USA)
| | - Guo-Hong Ning
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo (Japan)
| | - Mingjun Huang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44256 (USA)
| | - Xiaocun Lu
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44256 (USA)
| | - Jing-Yi Li
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44256 (USA)
| | - Sheng-Yun Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384 (China)
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago, Argonne, IL 60439 (USA)
| | | | - Mary Jane Saunders
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431 (USA)
| | - Stephen Z D Cheng
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44256 (USA)
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44256 (USA).
| | - George R Newkome
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44256 (USA).
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54
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Sun B, Wang M, Lou Z, Huang M, Xu C, Li X, Chen LJ, Yu Y, Davis GL, Xu B, Yang HB, Li X. From Ring-in-Ring to Sphere-in-Sphere: Self-Assembly of Discrete 2D and 3D Architectures with Increasing Stability. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1556-64. [DOI: 10.1021/ja511443p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department
of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
| | - Ming Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
| | - Zhichao Lou
- Single
Molecule Study Laboratory, College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science
and Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- College
of
Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Mingjun Huang
- Department
of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Chenglong Xu
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department
of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yihua Yu
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department
of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Grant L. Davis
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
| | - Bingqian Xu
- Single
Molecule Study Laboratory, College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science
and Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department
of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
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55
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Xie TZ, Guo K, Huang M, Lu X, Liao SY, Sarkar R, Moorefield CN, Cheng SZD, Wesdemiotis C, Newkome GR. Towards Molecular Construction Platforms: Synthesis of a Metallotricyclic Spirane Based on Bis(2,2′:6′,2“-Terpyridine)RuIIConnectivity. Chemistry 2014; 20:11291-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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56
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57
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Xie TZ, Liao SY, Guo K, Lu X, Dong X, Huang M, Moorefield CN, Cheng SZD, Liu X, Wesdemiotis C, Newkome GR. Construction of a Highly Symmetric Nanosphere via a One-Pot Reaction of a Tristerpyridine Ligand with Ru(II). J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8165-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja502962j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Zheng Xie
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule
Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Sheng-Yun Liao
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule
Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule
Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaocun Lu
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule
Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xuehui Dong
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule
Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mingjun Huang
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule
Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Charles N. Moorefield
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule
Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Stephen Z. D. Cheng
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule
Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule
Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule
Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - George R. Newkome
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of
Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule
Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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58
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Solak Erdem N, Alawani N, Wesdemiotis C. Characterization of polysorbate 85, a nonionic surfactant, by liquid chromatography vs. ion mobility separation coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 808:83-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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59
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Wang C, Hao XQ, Wang M, Guo C, Xu B, Tan EN, Zhang YY, Yu Y, Li ZY, Yang HB, Song MP, Li X. Self-assembly of giant supramolecular cubes with terpyridine ligands as vertices and metals on edges. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52965g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant metallo-supramolecular cubes were assembled by using tritopic terpyridine ligands as corners and metal ions as edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas State University
- San Marcos, USA
| | - Xin-Qi Hao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas State University
- San Marcos, USA
| | - Cunlan Guo
- Single Molecule Study Laboratory
- College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center
- University of Georgia
- Athens, USA
| | - Bingqian Xu
- Single Molecule Study Laboratory
- College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center
- University of Georgia
- Athens, USA
| | - Eric N. Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas State University
- San Marcos, USA
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance
- Department of Physics
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Yihua Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance
- Department of Physics
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Yu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- Department of Chemistry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- Department of Chemistry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Ping Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas State University
- San Marcos, USA
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60
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Noor A, Moratti SC, Crowley JD. Active-template synthesis of “click” [2]rotaxane ligands: self-assembly of mechanically interlocked metallo-supramolecular dimers, macrocycles and oligomers. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01438c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A "click" active-metal-template strategy has been exploited to develop mono- and bi-2,2′,6′,2″-terpyridine functionalised [2]rotaxanes. When reacted with Fe(ii) ions these rotaxanes formed metallo-bis-([2]rotaxanes), macrocycles and oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Noor
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- Dunedin, New Zealand
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61
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Zhang J, Li Y, Wang L, Fujiki M, Li X, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Zhou N, Zhu X. Supramolecular self-assembly and photovoltaic property of soluble fluorogallium phthalocyanine. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03941f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorogallium tetra-tert-butylphthalocyanine (ttbPcGaF) can self-organize into well-ordered cofacial structures to obtain one-dimensional (1D) supramolecular polymers in the solid state using a solution-coating technique. The ttbPcGaF-based BHJ OSC provided a profoundly improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.41%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Yaowen Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Laibing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Michiya Fujiki
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Ikoma, Japan
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas State University
- San Marcos, USA
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Nianchen Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
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62
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Sivalingam GN, Yan J, Sahota H, Thalassinos K. Amphitrite: A program for processing travelling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 345-347:54-62. [PMID: 25844045 PMCID: PMC4375678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the introduction of travelling wave (T-Wave)-based ion mobility in 2007 a large number of research laboratories have embraced the technique, particularly those working in the field of structural biology. The development of software to process the data generated from this technique, however, has been limited. We present a novel software package that enables the processing of T-Wave ion mobility data. The program can deconvolute components in a mass spectrum and uses this information to extract corresponding arrival time distributions (ATDs) with minimal user intervention. It can also be used to automatically create a collision cross section (CCS) calibration and apply this to subsequent files of interest. A number of applications of the software, and how it enhances the information content extracted from the raw data, are illustrated using model proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh N. Sivalingam
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jun Yan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Harpal Sahota
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Crystallography, Birkbeck College, London, UK
| | - Konstantinos Thalassinos
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 20 7679 2197; fax: +44 20 7679 7193.
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63
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Schultz A, Li X, Moorefield CN, Wesdemiotis C, Newkome GR. Self-Assembly and Characterization of 3D Metallamacrocycles: A Study of Supramolecular Constitutional Isomers. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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64
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Maire F, Coadou G, Cravello L, Lange CM. Traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry study of low generation polyamidoamine dendrimers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:238-248. [PMID: 23264148 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We reported the use of ion mobility (IM) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) as an analytical tool to investigate low generation polyamidoanine (PAMAM) dendrimers. This analytical approach has been employed to separate ions of defective structures with different charge state but exactly the same m/z value. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) after IM separation allowed a comprehensive structural characterization of defective dendrimers. In addition, IM was used to evaluate the collision cross-sections of ions of perfect dendrimers. They showed a good correlation with calculated collision cross-sections obtained by the trajectory method (TM) and were also consistent with dimensions reported by other established analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Maire
- Université de Rouen, IRCOF, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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65
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Soeriyadi AH, R.Whittaker M, Boyer C, Davis TP. Soft ionization mass spectroscopy: Insights into the polymerization mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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66
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Robbins PJ, Surman AJ, Thiel J, Long DL, Cronin L. Use of ion-mobility mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) to map polyoxometalate Keplerate clusters and their supramolecular assemblies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:1909-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc38615e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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67
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Comeau AN, Liu J, Khadka CB, Corrigan JF, Konermann L. Nanocluster isotope distributions measured by electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2012; 85:1200-7. [PMID: 23214505 DOI: 10.1021/ac3031674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) is a widely used tool for the characterization of organometallic nanoclusters. By matching experimental mass spectra with calculated isotope distributions it is possible to determine the elemental composition of these analytes. In this work we conduct ESI-MS investigations on M(14)E(13)Cl(2)(tmeda)(6) nanoclusters, where M is a transition metal, E represents a chalcogen, and tmeda is N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-ethylenediamine. ESI mass spectra of these systems agree poorly with theoretical isotope distributions when data are acquired under standard conditions. This behavior is attributed to dead-time artifacts of the time-of-flight (TOF) analyzer used. It is well-known that excessively high TOF ion count rates lead to dead-time issues. Surprisingly, our data reveal that nanocluster spectra are affected by this problem even at moderate signal intensities that do not cause any problems for other types of analytes. This unexpected vulnerability is attributed to the extremely wide isotope distributions of the nanoclusters studied here. A good match between experimental and calculated nanocluster spectra is obtained only at ion count rates that are more than 1 order of magnitude below commonly used levels. Discrepancies between measured and theoretical isotope distributions have been observed in a number of previous ESI-MS nanocluster investigations. The dead-time issue identified here likely represents a contributing factor to the spectral distortions that were observed in those earlier studies. Using low-intensity ESI-MS conditions we demonstrate the feasibility of analyzing highly heterogeneous nanocluster samples that comprise subpopulations with a wide range of metal compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N Comeau
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
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68
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Schultz A, Li X, McCusker CE, Moorefield CN, Castellano FN, Wesdemiotis C, Newkome GR. Dondorff Rings: Synthesis, Isolation, and Properties of 60°-Directed Bisterpyridine-Based Folded Tetramers. Chemistry 2012; 18:11569-72. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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69
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Scarff CA, Snelling JR, Knust MM, Wilkins CL, Scrivens JH. New structural insights into mechanically interlocked polymers revealed by ion mobility mass spectrometry. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:9193-8. [PMID: 22616687 DOI: 10.1021/ja2118656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked polymers can possess significant additional physical properties, in comparison to those associated with their constituent parts. Their unique properties make them attractive for a range of potential applications, such as as biomaterials and molecular machines. Their efficient and reproducible synthesis is therefore of much interest. Both their synthesis and subsequent characterization are intriguing yet demanding. The properties of mechanically interlocked polymeric systems depend not only on the properties of their individual components but also on the topology of the subsequent product. Here traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry has been used to investigate the structural properties of a polyrotaxane system. Ion mobility studies reveal that this system remains linear in form with increase in size. Both ion mobility studies and tandem mass spectrometry studies indicate that the macrocycle preferentially remains associated with the ammonium moiety of the polymeric repeat unit and is impeded from moving freely along the axle. This is consistent with NMR observations of the average structure. Analysis of mechanically interlocked polymers by ion mobility mass spectrometry provides additional structural insights into these systems relating to dynamics, heterogeneity, and topology. This molecule-specific information is vital in order to understand the origin of a system's functional properties.
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70
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Schultz A, Li X, Barkakaty B, Moorefield CN, Wesdemiotis C, Newkome GR. Stoichiometric Self-Assembly of Isomeric, Shape-Persistent, Supramacromolecular Bowtie and Butterfly Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:7672-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja303177v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Schultz
- Department
of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United
States
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department
of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United
States
| | - Balaka Barkakaty
- Department
of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United
States
| | - Charles N. Moorefield
- Department
of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United
States
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Department
of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United
States
| | - George R. Newkome
- Department
of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United
States
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71
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Wang JL, Li X, Shreiner CD, Lu X, Moorefield CN, Tummalapalli SR, Medvetz DA, Panzner MJ, Fronczek FR, Wesdemiotis C, Newkome GR. Shape-persistent, ruthenium(ii)- and iron(ii)-bisterpyridine metallodendrimers: synthesis, traveling-wave ion-mobility mass spectrometry, and photophysical properties. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj20799k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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72
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Scionti V, Katzenmeyer BC, Solak N, Li X, Wesdemiotis C. Interfacing multistage mass spectrometry with liquid chromatography or ion mobility separation for synthetic polymer analysis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2012; 18:113-137. [PMID: 22641724 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers are naturally mixtures of homologs, even in pure form. More complexity is introduced by the presence of different comonomers, end groups and/or macromolecular architectures. The analysis of such systems is substantially facilitated by interfacing mass spectrometry (MS), which disperses based on mass, with an additional level of separation involving either interactive liquid chromatography (LC) or ion mobility (IM) spectrometry, both of which are readily coupled online with electrospray ionization and MS detection. IM-MS separates in the gas phase, post-ionization and, therefore, is ideally suitable for labile and reactive polymers. Its usefulness is illustrated with the characterization of non-covalent siloxane-saccharide complexes, metallosupramolecular assemblies and an air- and moisture-sensitive inorganic polymer, poly(dichlorophosphazene). Conversely, LC-MS which separates in solution phase, before ionization, is most effective for the analysis of polymeric mixtures whose components differ in polarity. Interactive LC conditions can be optimized to disperse by the content of hydrophobic units, as is demonstrated for amphiphilic polyether copolymers and sugar-based nonionic surfactant blends. Both LC-MS and IM-MS can be extended into a third dimension by tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) studies on select oligomers, in order to obtain insight into individual end groups and isomeric architectures, comonomer sequences and degree of substitution, for example, by hydrophobic functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Scionti
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
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73
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Chakrabarty R, Mukherjee PS, Stang PJ. Supramolecular coordination: self-assembly of finite two- and three-dimensional ensembles. Chem Rev 2011; 111:6810-918. [PMID: 21863792 PMCID: PMC3212633 DOI: 10.1021/cr200077m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2299] [Impact Index Per Article: 176.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Chakrabarty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Peter J Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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74
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Li X, Chan YT, Casiano-Maldonado M, Yu J, Carri GA, Newkome GR, Wesdemiotis C. Separation and characterization of metallosupramolecular libraries by ion mobility mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 83:6667-74. [PMID: 21744807 DOI: 10.1021/ac201161u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of Zn(II) ions and bis(terpyridine) (tpy) ligands carrying 120° or 180° angles between their metal binding sites was utilized to prepare metallosupramolecular libraries with the <tpy-Zn(II)-tpy> connectivity. These combinatorial libraries were separated and characterized by ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)). The 180°-angle building blocks generate exclusively linear complexes, which were used as standards to determine the architectures of the assemblies resulting from the 120°-angle ligands. The latter ligand geometry promotes the formation of macrocyclic hexamers, but other n-mers with smaller (n = 5) or larger ring sizes (n = 7-9) were identified as minor products, indicating that the angles in the bis(terpyridine) ligand and within the coordinative tpy-Zn(II)-tpy bonds are not as rigid, as previously believed. Macrocyclic and linear isomers were detected in penta- and heptameric assemblies; in the larger octa- and nonameric assemblies, ring-opened conformers with compact and folded geometries were observed in addition to linear extended and cyclic architectures. IM MS(2) experiments provided strong evidence that the macrocycles present in the libraries were already formed in solution, during the self-assembly process, not by dissociation of larger complexes in the gas phase. The IM MS/MS(2) methods provide a means to analyze, based on size and shape (architecture), supramolecular libraries that are not amenable to liquid chromatography, LC-MS, NMR, and/or X-ray techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
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75
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Chan YT, Li X, Yu J, Carri GA, Moorefield CN, Newkome GR, Wesdemiotis C. Design, synthesis, and traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry characterization of iron(II)- and ruthenium(II)-terpyridine metallomacrocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:11967-76. [PMID: 21718066 DOI: 10.1021/ja107307u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New metallomacrocycles composed of 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (tpy) ligands and Ru(II) or Fe(II) transition metal ions were prepared by stepwise directed assembly and characterized by 2D diffusion NMR spectroscopy (DOSY), electrospray ionization traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (ESI TWIM MS), and molecular modeling. The supramolecular polymers synthesized include a homonuclear all-Ru hexamer as well as heteronuclear hexamer and nonamer with alternating Ru/Ru/Fe metal centers. ESI MS yields several charge states from each supramacromolecule. If ESI is interfaced with TWIM MS, overlapping charge states and the isomeric components of an individual charge state are separated based on their unique drift times through the TWIM region. From experimentally measured drift times, collision cross-sections can be deduced. The collision cross-sections obtained for the synthesized supramacromolecules are in good agreement with those predicted by molecular modeling for macrocyclic structures. Similarly, the hydrodynamic radii of the synthesized complexes derived from 2D DOSY NMR experiments agree excellently with the radii calculated for macrocyclic architectures, confirming the ESI TWIM MS finding. ESI TWIM MS and 2D DOSY NMR spectroscopy provide an alternative approach for the structural analysis of supramolecules that are difficult or impossible to crystallize, such as the large macrocyclic assemblies investigated. ESI TWIM MS will be particularly valuable for the characterization of supramolecular assemblies not available in the quantity or purity required for NMR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tsu Chan
- Departments of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, 44325, USA
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76
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Wang JL, Li X, Lu X, Hsieh IF, Cao Y, Moorefield CN, Wesdemiotis C, Cheng SZD, Newkome GR. Stoichiometric Self-Assembly of Shape-Persistent 2D Complexes: A Facile Route to a Symmetric Supramacromolecular Spoked Wheel. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:11450-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja203645m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Liang Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Xiaocun Lu
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - I-Fan Hsieh
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Charles N. Moorefield
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Stephen Z. D. Cheng
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - George R. Newkome
- Department of Polymer Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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77
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Li X, Guo L, Casiano-Maldonado M, Zhang D, Wesdemiotis C. Top-Down Multidimensional Mass Spectrometry Methods for Synthetic Polymer Analysis. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200542p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | | | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Studies Group, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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78
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Chan Y, Li X, Moorefield CN, Wesdemiotis C, Newkome GR. Towards Larger Polygonal Architectures: Synthesis and Characterization of Iron(II)– and Ruthenium(II)–Bis(terpyridine) Metallomacrocycles. Chemistry 2011; 17:7750-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Tsu Chan
- Department of Polymer Science, Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, 170 University Circle‐RM501B, Akron, OH 44325‐4717 (USA), Fax: (+1) 330‐972‐2368 Homepage: http://www.dendrimers.com
- Drs. Chan and Li contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Polymer Science, Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, 170 University Circle‐RM501B, Akron, OH 44325‐4717 (USA), Fax: (+1) 330‐972‐2368 Homepage: http://www.dendrimers.com
- Drs. Chan and Li contributed equally to this work
| | - Charles N. Moorefield
- Department of Polymer Science, Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, 170 University Circle‐RM501B, Akron, OH 44325‐4717 (USA), Fax: (+1) 330‐972‐2368 Homepage: http://www.dendrimers.com
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Department of Polymer Science, Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, 170 University Circle‐RM501B, Akron, OH 44325‐4717 (USA), Fax: (+1) 330‐972‐2368 Homepage: http://www.dendrimers.com
| | - George R. Newkome
- Department of Polymer Science, Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, 170 University Circle‐RM501B, Akron, OH 44325‐4717 (USA), Fax: (+1) 330‐972‐2368 Homepage: http://www.dendrimers.com
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79
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Wang JL, Li X, Lu X, Chan YT, Moorefield CN, Wesdemiotis C, Newkome GR. Dendron-Functionalized Bis(terpyridine)-Iron(II) or -Cadmium(II) Metallomacrocycles: Synthesis, Traveling-Wave Ion-Mobility Mass Spectrometry, and Photophysical Properties. Chemistry 2011; 17:4830-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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80
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Perera S, Li X, Guo M, Wesdemiotis C, Moorefield CN, Newkome GR. Sterically congested, hexameric tetrakispyridinyl-PdII/CdII-metallomacrocycles: self-assembly and structural characterization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:4658-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc10649j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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