51
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Quantification of ochratoxin A in red wines by conventional HPLC–FLD using a column packed with core–shell particles. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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52
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Zhang K, Li Y, Tsang M, Chetwyn NP. Analysis of pharmaceutical impurities using multi-heartcutting 2D LC coupled with UV-charged aerosol MS detection. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2986-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Zhang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences; Genentech; South San Francisco CA USA
| | - Yi Li
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences; Genentech; South San Francisco CA USA
| | - Midco Tsang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences; Genentech; South San Francisco CA USA
| | - Nik P. Chetwyn
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences; Genentech; South San Francisco CA USA
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53
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Kalili KM, de Villiers A. Systematic optimisation and evaluation of on-line, off-line and stop-flow comprehensive hydrophilic interaction chromatography×reversed phase liquid chromatographic analysis of procyanidins. Part II: Application to cocoa procyanidins. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1289:69-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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54
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Coupling ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry: Constraints and possible applications. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1292:2-18. [PMID: 23062879 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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55
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Ma S, Grinberg N, Haddad N, Rodriguez S, Busacca CA, Fandrick K, Lee H, Song JJ, Yee N, Krishnamurthy D, Senanayake CH, Wang J, Trenck J, Mendonsa S, Claise PR, Gilman RJ, Evers TH. Heart-Cutting Two-Dimensional Ultrahigh-Pressure Liquid Chromatography for Process Development: Asymmetric Reaction Monitoring. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op300266j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter R. Claise
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757-3696, United States
| | - Roger J. Gilman
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757-3696, United States
| | - Thomas H. Evers
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757-3696, United States
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56
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Gourmel C, Grand-Guillaume Perrenoud A, Waller L, Reginato E, Verne J, Dulery B, Veuthey JL, Rudaz S, Schappler J, Guillarme D. Evaluation and comparison of various separation techniques for the analysis of closely-related compounds of pharmaceutical interest. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1282:172-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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57
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Yan L, Zhu Z, Zou Y, Huang Y, Liu D, Jia S, Xu D, Wu M, Zhou Y, Zhou S, Yang CJ. Target-responsive "sweet" hydrogel with glucometer readout for portable and quantitative detection of non-glucose targets. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:3748-51. [PMID: 23339662 DOI: 10.1021/ja3114714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Portable devices with the advantages of rapid, on-site, user-friendly, and cost-effective assessment are widely applied in daily life. However, only a limited number of quantitative portable devices are commercially available, among which the personal glucose meter (PGM) is the most successful example and has been the most widely used. However, PGMs can detect only blood glucose as the unique target. Here we describe a novel design that combines a glucoamylase-trapped aptamer-cross-linked hydrogel with a PGM for portable and quantitative detection of non-glucose targets. Upon target introduction, the hydrogel collapses to release glucoamylase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of amylose to produce a large amount of glucose for quantitative readout by the PGM. With the advantages of low cost, rapidity, portability, and ease of use, the method reported here has the potential to be used by the public for portable and quantitative detection of a wide range of non-glucose targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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58
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Eghbali H, Bruggink C, Agroskin Y, Pohl CA, Eeltink S. Performance evaluation of ion-exchange chromatography in capillary format. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:3461-8. [PMID: 23125111 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The performance of a recently introduced capillary ion-exchange chromatography system was explored. Experiments were conducted in isocratic mode with a commercial capillary anion-exchange column (id = 0.4 mm, L = 15 cm) using a five-anion standard mixture. The achieved results were compared to the performance of a standard bore ion-exchange system (id = 4 mm, L = 15 cm), which was considered as a reference. The first-generation capillary columns exhibited a minimal reduced plate-height value below two witnessing a good packing quality and system performance. However, compared to the standard bore system the capillary system displayed an increased apparent C-term which could be due to a difference in packing morphology and/or possible external band-broadening contributions. For fast separations, the standard bore system outperformed the capillary system, while for complex separations both systems performed nearly equally well. In addition, the retention characteristics of the capillary system were investigated. To illustrate the suitability of the capillary system, the analysis of real-world water samples originating from two local Belgian rivers was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Eghbali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
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59
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Grand-Guillaume Perrenoud A, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Comparison of ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of pharmaceutical compounds. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1266:158-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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60
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Wang F, Min Y, Geng X. Fast separations of intact proteins by liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:3033-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science of Shaanxi; Institute of Modern Separation Science; Northwest University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Yi Min
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science of Shaanxi; Institute of Modern Separation Science; Northwest University; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Xindu Geng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science of Shaanxi; Institute of Modern Separation Science; Northwest University; Xi'an P. R. China
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61
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Comparison of the performance of Chromolith Performance RP-18e, 1.8-μm Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 and XTerra MS C18, based on modelling approaches. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:2219-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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62
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Programmed elution in comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1255:112-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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63
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Dispas A, Lebrun P, Sassiat P, Ziemons E, Thiébaut D, Vial J, Hubert P. Innovative green supercritical fluid chromatography development for the determination of polar compounds. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1256:253-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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64
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Vaast A, De Vos J, Broeckhoven K, Verstraeten M, Eeltink S, Desmet G. Maximizing the peak capacity using coupled columns packed with 2.6μm core–shell particles operated at 1200bar. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1256:72-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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65
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Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography — practical impacts of theoretical considerations. A review. OPEN CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-012-0036-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA theory of comprehensive two-dimensional separations by liquid chromatographic techniques is overviewed. It includes heart-cutting and comprehensive two-dimensional separation modes, with attention to basic concepts of two-dimensional separations: resolution, peak capacity, efficiency, orthogonality and selectivity. Particular attention is paid to the effects of sample structure on the retention and advantages of a multi-dimensional HPLC for separation of complex samples according to structural correlations. Optimization of 2D separation systems, including correct selection of columns, flow-rate, fraction volumes and mobile phase, is discussed. Benefits of simultaneous programmed elution in both dimensions of LCxLC comprehensive separations are shown.Experimental setup, modulation of the fraction collection and transfer from the first to the second dimension, compatibility of mobile phases in comprehensive LCxLC, 2D asymmetry and shifts in retention under changing second-dimension elution conditions, are addressed. Illustrative practical examples of comprehensive LCxLC separations are shown.
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66
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Translational research in infectious disease: current paradigms and challenges ahead. Transl Res 2012; 159:430-53. [PMID: 22633095 PMCID: PMC3361696 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the biomedical community has witnessed a rapid scientific and technologic evolution after the development and refinement of high-throughput methodologies. Concurrently and consequentially, the scientific perspective has changed from the reductionist approach of meticulously analyzing the fine details of a single component of biology to the "holistic" approach of broadmindedly examining the globally interacting elements of biological systems. The emergence of this new way of thinking has brought about a scientific revolution in which genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other "omics" have become the predominant tools by which large amounts of data are amassed, analyzed, and applied to complex questions of biology that were previously unsolvable. This enormous transformation of basic science research and the ensuing plethora of promising data, especially in the realm of human health and disease, have unfortunately not been followed by a parallel increase in the clinical application of this information. On the contrary, the number of new potential drugs in development has been decreasing steadily, suggesting the existence of roadblocks that prevent the translation of promising research into medically relevant therapeutic or diagnostic application. In this article, we will review, in a noninclusive fashion, several recent scientific advancements in the field of translational research, with a specific focus on how they relate to infectious disease. We will also present a current picture of the limitations and challenges that exist for translational research, as well as ways that have been proposed by the National Institutes of Health to improve the state of this field.
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Key Words
- 2-de, 2-dimensional electrophoresis
- 2-d dige, 2-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis
- cf, cystic fibrosis
- ctsa, clinical and translational science awards program
- ebv, epstein-barr virus
- fda, u.s. food and drug administration
- gwas, genome-wide association studies
- hcv, hepatitis c virus
- hmp, human microbiome project
- hplc, high-pressure liquid chromatography
- lc, liquid chromatography
- lsb, laboratory of systems biology
- mab, monoclonal antibody
- mrm/srm, multiple reaction monitoring/selective reaction monitoring
- ms, mass spectrometry
- ms/ms, tandem mass spectrometry
- ncats, national center for advancing translational sciences
- ncrr, national center of research resources
- niaid, national institute of allergy and infectious disease
- nih, national institutes of health
- nme, new molecular entity
- nmr, nuclear magnetic resonance
- pbmc, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- pcr, polymerase chain reaction
- prr, pathogen recognition receptor
- qqq, triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
- sars-cov, coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome
- snp, single nucleotide polymorphism
- tb, tuberculosis
- uti, urinary tract infection
- yfv, yellow fever virus
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67
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Bruns S, Grinias JP, Blue LE, Jorgenson JW, Tallarek U. Morphology and Separation Efficiency of Low-Aspect-Ratio Capillary Ultrahigh Pressure Liquid Chromatography Columns. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4496-503. [DOI: 10.1021/ac300326k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bruns
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse,
35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - James P. Grinias
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Laura E. Blue
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - James W. Jorgenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ulrich Tallarek
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse,
35032 Marburg, Germany
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68
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Wang X, Barber WE, Long WJ. Applications of superficially porous particles: High speed, high efficiency or both? J Chromatogr A 2012; 1228:72-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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69
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Groskreutz SR, Swenson MM, Secor LB, Stoll DR. Selective comprehensive multi-dimensional separation for resolution enhancement in high performance liquid chromatography. Part I: Principles and instrumentation. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1228:31-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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70
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Broeckhoven K, Cabooter D, Eeltink S, Desmet G. Kinetic plot based comparison of the efficiency and peak capacity of high-performance liquid chromatography columns: Theoretical background and selected examples. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1228:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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71
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Aggarwal P, Tolley HD, Lee ML. Monolithic bed structure for capillary liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1219:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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72
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Zhang A, Sun H, Wang P, Han Y, Wang X. Modern analytical techniques in metabolomics analysis. Analyst 2012; 137:293-300. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15605e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 538] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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73
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Wang X, Yang B, Sun H, Zhang A. Pattern recognition approaches and computational systems tools for ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based comprehensive metabolomic profiling and pathways analysis of biological data sets. Anal Chem 2011; 84:428-39. [PMID: 22132738 DOI: 10.1021/ac202828r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics represents an emerging and powerful discipline that provides an accurate and dynamic picture of the phenotype of biosystems through the study of potential metabolites that could be used for therapeutic targets and discovery of new drugs. Metabolomic network construction has led to the integration of metabolites associated with the caused perturbation of multiple pathways. Herein, we present a method for the construction of efficient networks with regard to that Jujuboside B (JuB) protects against insomnia as a case study. UPLC/ESI-SYNAPT-HDMS coupled with pattern recognition methods including PCA, PLS-DA, OPLS-DA, and computational systems analysis were integrated to obtain comprehensive metabolomic profiling and pathways of the large biological data sets. Among the regulated pathways, twelve biomarkers were identified and tryptophan metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism related network were acutely perturbed. Results not only supplied a systematic view of the development and progression of insomnia but also were used to analyze the therapeutic effects of JuB, a widely used anti-insomina medicine in clinics. The results showed that JuB administration could provide satisfactory effects on insomnia through partially regulating the perturbed pathway. We have constructed a metabolomic feature network of JuB to protect against insomnia. The most promising use in the near future would be to clarify pathways for the drugs and get biomarkers for these pathways, to help guide testable predictions, provide insights into drug action mechanisms, and enable us to increase research productivity toward metabolomic drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijun Wang
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China.
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74
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Schure MR, Davis JM. The statistical overlap theory of chromatography using power law (fractal) statistics. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:9297-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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75
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Tranchida PQ, Bonaccorsi I, Dugo P, Mondello L, Dugo G. Analysis of Citrus essential oils: state of the art and future perspectives. A review. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Quinto Tranchida
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facolt di Farmacia; Universit degli Studi di Messina; viale Annunziata; 98168; Messina; Italy
| | - Ivana Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facolt di Farmacia; Universit degli Studi di Messina; viale Annunziata; 98168; Messina; Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Dugo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facolt di Farmacia; Universit degli Studi di Messina; viale Annunziata; 98168; Messina; Italy
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76
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Chigome S, Torto N. A review of opportunities for electrospun nanofibers in analytical chemistry. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 706:25-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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77
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Mühlebach A, Adam J, Schön U. Streamlined approach to high-quality purification and identification of compound series using high-resolution MS and NMR. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2983-8. [PMID: 21998008 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Automated medicinal chemistry (parallel chemistry) has become an integral part of the drug-discovery process in almost every large pharmaceutical company. Parallel array synthesis of individual organic compounds has been used extensively to generate diverse structural libraries to support different phases of the drug-discovery process, such as hit-to-lead, lead finding, or lead optimization. In order to guarantee effective project support, efficiency in the production of compound libraries has been maximized. As a consequence, also throughput in chromatographic purification and analysis has been adapted. As a recent trend, more laboratories are preparing smaller, yet more focused libraries with even increasing demands towards quality, i.e. optimal purity and unambiguous confirmation of identity. This paper presents an automated approach how to combine effective purification and structural conformation of a lead optimization library created by microwave-assisted organic synthesis. The results of complementary analytical techniques such as UHPLC-HRMS and NMR are not only regarded but even merged for fast and easy decision making, providing optimal quality of compound stock. In comparison with the previous procedures, throughput times are at least four times faster, while compound consumption could be decreased more than threefold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Mühlebach
- Abbott Products GmbH, Unit Chemical Design and Synthesis, Hannover, Germany.
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78
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Gu H, Huang Y, Filgueira M, Carr PW. Effect of first dimension phase selectivity in online comprehensive two dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC). J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6675-87. [PMID: 21840009 PMCID: PMC3256932 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of first dimension column selectivity in reversed phase (RP) online comprehensive two dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC). The second dimension was always a carbon clad metal oxide reversed phase material. The hydrophobic subtraction model (HSM) and the related phase selective triangles were used to guide the selection of six different RP first dimension columns. Various kinds of samples were investigated and thus two different elution conditions were needed to cause full elution from the first dimension columns. We compared LC×LC chromatograms, contours plots, and fcoverage plots by measuring peak capacities, peak numbers, relative spatial coverage, correlation values, etc. The major finding of this study is that the carbon phase due to its rather different selectivity from other reversed phases is reasonably orthogonal to a variety of common types of bonded reversed phases. Thus quite surprisingly the six different first dimension stationary phases all showed generally similar separation patterns when paired to the second dimension carbon phase. This result greatly simplifies the task of choosing the correct pair of phases for RP×RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Smith and Kolthoff Halls, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Smith and Kolthoff Halls, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Marcelo Filgueira
- Department of Chemistry, Smith and Kolthoff Halls, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Univ Nacl La Plata, Div Quim Analit, Fac Ciencias Exactas, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Peter W. Carr
- Department of Chemistry, Smith and Kolthoff Halls, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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79
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Asimakopoulos AG, Thomaidis NS, Koupparis MA. Recent trends in biomonitoring of bisphenol A, 4-t-octylphenol, and 4-nonylphenol. Toxicol Lett 2011; 210:141-54. [PMID: 21888958 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), 4-t-octylphenol (4-t-OP), and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) are man-made alkylphenolic environmental contaminants possessing controversial endocrine disruption properties. Nowadays, an increased interest is raised for their accurate determination in biological media in order to estimate the exposure to these compounds and the associated health risk. The aim of this review is to present the available analytical methodologies for biomonitoring these three EDCs in human population. In non-occupational human exposure, they are detected in human matrices in trace level concentrations, commonly lower than 1ng/mL. The use of mass spectrometry based methods is particularly emphasized due to their well known superiority over sensitivity, selectivity and precision, even in difficult matrices, such as blood plasma and serum. Recent and most applicable sample preparation techniques are thoroughly presented. The benefits of solid phase extraction (SPE) and expected developments are demonstrated. Recent results from exposure assessment and epidemiologic studies for BPA, 4-t-OP and 4-NP are summarized and future trends are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros G Asimakopoulos
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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