51
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Yu J, Zhang Y, Liu S. Enzymatic reactivity of glucose oxidase confined in nanochannels. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 55:307-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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52
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Tomasi R, Noël JM, Zenati A, Ristori S, Rossi F, Cabuil V, Kanoufi F, Abou-Hassan A. Chemical communication between liposomes encapsulating a chemical oscillatory reaction. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53227e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical measurements and numerical simulations are employed to understand the chemical communication between liposomes prepared in microfluidics and encapsulating a chemical oscillator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Tomasi
- UPMC Univ Paris 6
- PECSA
- UMR 7195
- équipe Colloïdes Inorganiques
- Université Paris 6 (UPMC) Bat F(74)
| | - Jean-Marc Noël
- ESPCI ParisTech
- PECSA
- UMR 7195
- F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Aymen Zenati
- UPMC Univ Paris 6
- PECSA
- UMR 7195
- équipe Colloïdes Inorganiques
- Université Paris 6 (UPMC) Bat F(74)
| | | | - Federico Rossi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Valérie Cabuil
- UPMC Univ Paris 6
- PECSA
- UMR 7195
- équipe Colloïdes Inorganiques
- Université Paris 6 (UPMC) Bat F(74)
| | | | - Ali Abou-Hassan
- UPMC Univ Paris 6
- PECSA
- UMR 7195
- équipe Colloïdes Inorganiques
- Université Paris 6 (UPMC) Bat F(74)
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53
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Najah M, Mayot E, Mahendra-Wijaya IP, Griffiths AD, Ladame S, Drevelle A. New Glycosidase Substrates for Droplet-Based Microfluidic Screening. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9807-14. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4022709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majdi Najah
- Institut
de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires
(ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7006, 8 allée
Gaspard Monge, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Ets J.
Soufflet,
division Biotechnologies-OSIRIS, quai
Sarrail, 10400 Nogent-sur-Seine, France
| | - Estelle Mayot
- Institut
de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires
(ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7006, 8 allée
Gaspard Monge, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Ets J.
Soufflet,
division Biotechnologies-OSIRIS, quai
Sarrail, 10400 Nogent-sur-Seine, France
| | - I Putu Mahendra-Wijaya
- Institut
de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires
(ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7006, 8 allée
Gaspard Monge, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Ets J.
Soufflet,
division Biotechnologies-OSIRIS, quai
Sarrail, 10400 Nogent-sur-Seine, France
| | - Andrew D. Griffiths
- Institut
de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires
(ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7006, 8 allée
Gaspard Monge, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI ParisTech), 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex, France
| | - Sylvain Ladame
- Institut
de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires
(ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7006, 8 allée
Gaspard Monge, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW72AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Antoine Drevelle
- Institut
de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires
(ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7006, 8 allée
Gaspard Monge, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Ets J.
Soufflet,
division Biotechnologies-OSIRIS, quai
Sarrail, 10400 Nogent-sur-Seine, France
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54
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Mazutis L, Gilbert J, Ung WL, Weitz DA, Griffiths AD, Heyman JA. Single-cell analysis and sorting using droplet-based microfluidics. Nat Protoc 2013; 8:870-91. [PMID: 23558786 PMCID: PMC4128248 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2013.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 848] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We present a droplet-based microfluidics protocol for high-throughput analysis and sorting of single cells. Compartmentalization of single cells in droplets enables the analysis of proteins released from or secreted by cells, thereby overcoming one of the major limitations of traditional flow cytometry and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. As an example of this approach, we detail a binding assay for detecting antibodies secreted from single mouse hybridoma cells. Secreted antibodies are detected after only 15 min by co-compartmentalizing single mouse hybridoma cells, a fluorescent probe and single beads coated with anti-mouse IgG antibodies in 50-pl droplets. The beads capture the secreted antibodies and, when the captured antibodies bind to the probe, the fluorescence becomes localized on the beads, generating a clearly distinguishable fluorescence signal that enables droplet sorting at ∼200 Hz as well as cell enrichment. The microfluidic system described is easily adapted for screening other intracellular, cell-surface or secreted proteins and for quantifying catalytic or regulatory activities. In order to screen ∼1 million cells, the microfluidic operations require 2-6 h; the entire process, including preparation of microfluidic devices and mammalian cells, requires 5-7 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linas Mazutis
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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55
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Li Z, Li X, Gao X, Zhang Y, Shi W, Ma H. Nitroreductase detection and hypoxic tumor cell imaging by a designed sensitive and selective fluorescent probe, 7-[(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methoxy]-3H-phenoxazin-3-one. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3926-32. [PMID: 23506563 DOI: 10.1021/ac400750r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A highly selective and sensitive fluorescence probe, 7-[(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methoxy]-3H-phenoxazin-3-one (1), is developed for imaging the hypoxic status of tumor cells via the indirect detection of nitroreductase. The detection mechanism is based on the fact that nitroreductase can selectively catalyze the reduction of the nitro group in 1 to a hydroxylamine or amino group in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as an electron donor that is indispensable, followed by the 1,6-rearrangement-elimination and the release of resorufin. As a result, the reaction produces a distinct color and fluorescence change from almost colorless and nonfluorescent to pink and strong red fluorescence. The fluorescence increase of probe 1 at λ(550/585 nm) is directly proportional to the concentration of nitroreductase in the range of 15-300 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 0.27 ng/mL. The ready reduction of the nitro group in 1 under hypoxic conditions leads to the establishment of a sensitive and selective fluorescence method for imaging the hypoxic status of tumor cells, and with this method Hela and A549 cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions (even for different extents of hypoxia) can be differentiated successfully. This method is simple and may be useful for the imaging of disease-relevant hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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56
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Gruner P, Skhiri Y, Semin B, Brosseau Q, Griffiths AD, Taly V, Baret JC. Microfluidic Approaches for the Study of Emulsions: Transport of Solutes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1557/opl.2013.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTMolecular transport as an ageing process in emulsions is revisited using microfluidic droplet production, manipulation and analysis. We show how microfluidic systems provide extremely quantitative insights into the phenomenon. We designed microfluidic systems to address the specificity of molecular transport in fluorinated oils and showed the role of the surfactant solubilised in the oil phase on the time scale of the exchange and rationalize the effect of water soluble additives on the exchange rate. Finally, we also demonstrate that the droplet packing influences the exchange rate through the number of first neighbours.
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57
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Kintses B, Hein C, Mohamed MF, Fischlechner M, Courtois F, Lainé C, Hollfelder F. Picoliter cell lysate assays in microfluidic droplet compartments for directed enzyme evolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:1001-9. [PMID: 22921067 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the utility of a microfluidic platform in which water-in-oil droplet compartments serve to miniaturize cell lysate assays by a million-fold for directed enzyme evolution. Screening hydrolytic activities of a promiscuous sulfatase demonstrates that this extreme miniaturization to the single-cell level does not come at a high price in signal quality. Moreover, the quantitative readout delivers a level of precision previously limited to screening methodologies with restricted throughput. The sorting of 3 × 10(7) monodisperse droplets per round of evolution leads to the enrichment of clones with improvements in activity (6-fold) and expression (6-fold). The detection of subtle differences in a larger number of screened clones provides the combination of high sensitivity and high-throughput needed to rescue a stalled directed evolution experiment and make it viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balint Kintses
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
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58
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Chen Y, Wijaya Gani A, Tang SKY. Characterization of sensitivity and specificity in leaky droplet-based assays. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:5093-103. [PMID: 23090153 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40624a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper uses numerical methods to characterize the crosstalk of small fluorescent molecules and molecular probes among aqueous droplets immersed in a continuous phase of hydrocarbons or fluorocarbons in microfluidic systems. Droplet-based biochemical assays rely on the reagents to remain isolated in individual droplets. It has been observed, however, that small and hydrophobic fluorescent molecules can diffuse across the droplet boundary into other drops. The contents among droplets become mixed and homogenized over time. Such cross-contamination can have detrimental effects on the accuracy of droplet-based assays, especially those using fluorescent molecules and the corresponding number of fluorescent droplets for a quantitative readout. This work examines the competing dynamics of the generation of fluorescent molecules in "positive" drops (in response to the presence of molecules or cells of interest), against its leakage into "negative" drops, where such molecules or cells of interest are absent. In ideal droplet assays, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)--defined as the fluorescence signal from a positive drop to that from a negative drop--would increase and saturate with time. In a leaky droplet assay, the SNR tends to decay with time. Under certain conditions, however, the SNR from a leaky droplet assay could increase and reach a maximum value before it starts to diminish. This maximum value can be estimated from a dimensionless number relating the rate of leakage relative to the rate of generation of fluorescence signal in the drops. Beyond the time when the SNR peaks, the SNR value, as well as the accuracy of the leaky droplet assay continues to degrade. In the absence of immediate experimental remedies to completely eliminate the crosstalk of molecules among drops, performing detection at the optimal time point becomes critical to minimize errors in leaky droplet assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
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59
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Joensson HN, Andersson Svahn H. Tröpfchen-Mikrofluidik für die Einzelzellanalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201200460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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60
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Joensson HN, Andersson Svahn H. Droplet Microfluidics-A Tool for Single-Cell Analysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201200460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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61
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Kaltenbach M, Devenish SRA, Hollfelder F. A simple method to evaluate the biochemical compatibility of oil/surfactant mixtures for experiments in microdroplets. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:4185-92. [PMID: 22885600 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40281e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The enormous reduction of assay volume afforded by compartmentalization into picolitre water-in-oil droplets is an exciting prospect for high-throughput biology. Maintaining the activity of encapsulated proteins is critical for experimental success, for example in in vitro directed evolution, where protein variants are expressed in droplets to identify mutants with improved properties. Here, we present a simple and rapid method to quantitatively compare concentrations of fluorescent molecules in microdroplets. This approach allows an assessment of different emulsification procedures and several oil/surfactant mixtures for biochemical compatibility, in particular in vitro protein expression. Based on determining droplet fluorescence vs. droplet diameter, the method uses the gradient of such curves as a 'concentration correlation coefficient' (CCC) that is directly proportional to fluorophore concentration. Our findings suggest that generation of droplets using a microfluidic flow-focusing device gave no more protein expression than droplet production by the bulk methods of vortexing and homogenizing. The choice of oil/surfactant, however, was found to be critical for protein expression and even encapsulation of purified protein, highlighting the importance of careful selection of these components when carrying out biochemical experiments in droplets. This methodology will serve as a quantitative test for the rapid optimization of droplet-based experiments such as in vitro protein expression or enzymatic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kaltenbach
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, CB2 1GA, Cambridge, UK
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62
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Barikbin Z, Rahman T, Khan SA. Fireflies-on-a-chip: (ionic liquid)-aqueous microdroplets for biphasic chemical analysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:2152-2157. [PMID: 22514126 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Barikbin
- Singapore-MIT Alliance, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, E4-04-10, 117576 Singapore
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63
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Bioactivity of horseradish peroxidase entrapped in silica nanospheres. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 35:101-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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64
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Zhendong L, Yangcheng L, Bodong Y, Guangsheng L. Free radical polymerization of butyl acrylate in monodispersed droplets: Comparison between two heating strategies. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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65
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Abstract
Surfactants are an essential part of the droplet-based microfluidic technology. They are involved in the stabilization of droplet interfaces, in the biocompatibility of the system and in the process of molecular exchange between droplets. The recent progress in the applications of droplet-based microfluidics has been made possible by the development of new molecules and their characterizations. In this review, the role of the surfactant in droplet-based microfluidics is discussed with an emphasis on the new molecules developed specifically to overcome the limitations of 'standard' surfactants. Emulsion properties and interfacial rheology of surfactant-laden layers strongly determine the overall capabilities of the technology. Dynamic properties of droplets, interfaces and emulsions are therefore very important to be characterized, understood and controlled. In this respect, microfluidic systems themselves appear to be very powerful tools for the study of surfactant dynamics at the time- and length-scale relevant to the corresponding microfluidic applications. More generally, microfluidic systems are becoming a new type of experimental platform for the study of the dynamics of interfaces in complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Baret
- Droplets, Membranes and Interfaces, MPI for Dynamics and Self-organization, Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
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66
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Romieu A, Bruckdorfer T, Clavé G, Grandclaude V, Massif C, Renard PY. N-Fmoc-α-sulfo-β-alanine: a versatile building block for the water solubilisation of chromophores and fluorophores by solid-phase strategy. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:5337-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05730h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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