51
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Hamid AM, Ibrahim YM, Garimella SVB, Webb IK, Deng L, Chen TC, Anderson GA, Prost SA, Norheim RV, Tolmachev AV, Smith RD. Characterization of Traveling Wave Ion Mobility Separations in Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations. Anal Chem 2015; 87:11301-8. [PMID: 26510005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report on the development and characterization of a traveling wave (TW)-based Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (TW-SLIM) module for ion mobility separations (IMS). The TW-SLIM module uses parallel arrays of rf electrodes on two closely spaced surfaces for ion confinement, where the rf electrodes are separated by arrays of short electrodes, and using these TWs can be created to drive ion motion. In this initial work, TWs are created by the dynamic application of dc potentials. The capabilities of the TW-SLIM module for efficient ion confinement, lossless ion transport, and ion mobility separations at different rf and TW parameters are reported. The TW-SLIM module is shown to transmit a wide mass range of ions (m/z 200-2500) utilizing a confining rf waveform (∼1 MHz and ∼300 Vp-p) and low TW amplitudes (<20 V). Additionally, the short TW-SLIM module achieved resolutions comparable to existing commercially available low pressure IMS platforms and an ion mobility peak capacity of ∼32 for TW speeds of <210 m/s. TW-SLIM performance was characterized over a wide range of rf and TW parameters and demonstrated robust performance. The combined attributes of the flexible design and low voltage requirements for the TW-SLIM module provide a basis for devices capable of much higher resolution and more complex ion manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Hamid
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yehia M Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sandilya V B Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ian K Webb
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Liulin Deng
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Tsung-Chi Chen
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Gordon A Anderson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Spencer A Prost
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Randolph V Norheim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aleksey V Tolmachev
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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52
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Xiong C, Zhou X, Zhang N, Zhan L, Chen Y, Chen S, Nie Z. A Theoretical Method for Characterizing Nonlinear Effects in Paul Traps with Added Octopole Field. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:1338-1348. [PMID: 25924875 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In comparison with numerical methods, theoretical characterizations of ion motion in the nonlinear Paul traps always suffer from low accuracy and little applicability. To overcome the difficulties, the theoretical harmonic balance (HB) method was developed, and was validated by the numerical fourth-order Runge-Kutta (4th RK) method. Using the HB method, analytical ion trajectory and ion motion frequency in the superimposed octopole field, ε, were obtained by solving the nonlinear Mathieu equation (NME). The obtained accuracy of the HB method was comparable with that of the 4th RK method at the Mathieu parameter, q = 0.6, and the applicable q values could be extended to the entire first stability region with satisfactory accuracy. Two sorts of nonlinear effects of ion motion were studied, including ion frequency shift, Δβ, and ion amplitude variation, Δ(C(2n)/C0) (n ≠ 0). New phenomena regarding Δβ were observed, although extensive studies have been performed based on the pseudo-potential well (PW) model. For instance, the |Δβ| at ε = 0.1 and ε = -0.1 were found to be different, but they were the same in the PW model. This is the first time the nonlinear effects regarding Δ(C(2n)/C0) (n ≠ 0) are studied, and the associated study has been a challenge for both theoretical and numerical methods. The nonlinear effects of Δ(C(2n)/C0) (n ≠ 0) and Δβ were found to share some similarities at q < 0.6: both of them were proportional to ε, and the square of the initial ion displacement, z(0)(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqiao Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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53
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Zhang X, Garimella SVB, Prost SA, Webb IK, Chen TC, Tang K, Tolmachev AV, Norheim RV, Baker ES, Anderson GA, Ibrahim YM, Smith RD. Ion Trapping, Storage, and Ejection in Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6010-6. [PMID: 25971536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM) module, having electrode arrays patterned on a pair of parallel printed circuit boards (PCB), was constructed and utilized to investigate capabilities for ion trapping at a pressure of 4 Torr. Positive ions were confined by application of RF voltages to a series of inner rung electrodes with alternating phase on adjacent electrodes, in conjunction with positive DC potentials on surrounding guard electrodes on each PCB. An axial DC field was also introduced by stepwise varying the DC potentials applied to the inner rung electrodes to control the ion transport and accumulation inside the ion trapping region. We show that ions can be trapped and accumulated with up to 100% efficiency, stored for at least 5 h with no significant losses, and then could be rapidly ejected from the SLIM trap. The present results provide a foundation for the development of much more complex SLIM devices that facilitate extended ion manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sandilya V B Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Spencer A Prost
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ian K Webb
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Tsung-Chi Chen
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Keqi Tang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aleksey V Tolmachev
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Randolph V Norheim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Erin S Baker
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Gordon A Anderson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yehia M Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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54
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody C. May
- Department
of Chemistry,
Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt Institute for Chemical
Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research
and Education , Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - John A. McLean
- Department
of Chemistry,
Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt Institute for Chemical
Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research
and Education , Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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Chen TC, Webb IK, Prost SA, Harrer MB, Norheim RV, Tang K, Ibrahim YM, Smith RD. Rectangular ion funnel: a new ion funnel interface for structures for lossless ion manipulations. Anal Chem 2014; 87:716-22. [PMID: 25409343 PMCID: PMC4287841 DOI: 10.1021/ac503564c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
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Structures for lossless ion manipulations
(SLIM) have recently
demonstrated the ability for near lossless ion focusing, transfer,
and trapping in subatmospheric pressure regions. While lossless ion
manipulations are advantageously applied to the applications of ion
mobility separations and gas phase reactions, ion introduction through
ring electrode ion funnels or more conventional ion optics to SLIM
can involve discontinuities in electric fields or other perturbations
that result in ion losses. In this work, we developed and investigated
a new funnel design that aims to seamlessly couple to SLIM at the
funnel exit. This rectangular ion funnel (RIF) was initially evaluated
by ion simulations, fabricated utilizing printed circuit board technology,
and tested experimentally. The RIF was integrated to a SLIM-time of
flight (TOF) MS system, and the operating parameters, including RF,
DC bias of the RIF electrodes, and electric fields for effectively
interfacing with a SLIM, were characterized. The RIF provided a 2-fold
sensitivity increase without significant discrimination over a wide m/z range and well matched to that of SLIM,
along with greatly improved SLIM operational stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Chi Chen
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Garimella SV, Ibrahim YM, Webb IK, Tolmachev AV, Zhang X, Prost SA, Anderson GA, Smith RD. Simulation of electric potentials and ion motion in planar electrode structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:1890-6. [PMID: 25257188 PMCID: PMC4198429 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0976-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report a conceptual study and computational evaluation of novel planar electrode structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM). Planar electrode SLIM components were designed that allow for flexible ion confinement, transport, and storage using a combination of radio frequency (rf) and DC fields. Effective potentials can be generated that provide near ideal regions for confining and manipulating ions in the presence of a gas. Ion trajectory simulations using SIMION 8.1 demonstrated the capability for lossless ion motion in these devices over a wide m/z range and a range of electric fields at low pressures (e.g., a few Torr). More complex ion manipulations (e.g., turning ions by 90(o) and dynamically switching selected ion species into orthogonal channels) are also shown feasible. The performance of SLIM devices at ~4 Torr pressure for performing ion mobility-based separations (IMS) is computationally evaluated and compared with initial experimental results, and both are also shown to agree closely with experimental and theoretical IMS performance for a conventional drift tube design.
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Webb IK, Garimella SVB, Tolmachev AV, Chen TC, Zhang X, Cox JT, Norheim R, Prost S, LaMarche B, Anderson GA, Ibrahim YM, Smith RD. Mobility-resolved ion selection in uniform drift field ion mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry: dynamic switching in structures for lossless ion manipulations. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9632-7. [PMID: 25222548 PMCID: PMC4188271 DOI: 10.1021/ac502139e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM) module that allows ion mobility separations and the switching of ions between alternative drift paths is described. The SLIM switch component has a "Tee" configuration and allows the efficient switching of ions between a linear path and a 90-degree bend. By controlling switching times, ions can be efficiently directed to an alternative channel as a function of their mobilities. In the initial evaluation the switch is used in a static mode and shown compatible with high performance ion mobility separations at 4 Torr. In the dynamic mode, we show that mobility-selected ions can be switched into the alternative channel, and that various ion species can be independently selected based on their mobilities for time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF MS) IMS detection and mass analysis. This development also provides the basis of, for example, the selection of specific mobilities for storage and accumulation, and the key component of modules for the assembly of SLIM devices enabling much more complex sequences of ion manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian K. Webb
- Biological
Sciences Division
and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sandilya V. B. Garimella
- Biological
Sciences Division
and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aleksey V. Tolmachev
- Biological
Sciences Division
and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Tsung-Chi Chen
- Biological
Sciences Division
and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Biological
Sciences Division
and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jonathan T. Cox
- Biological
Sciences Division
and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Randolph
V. Norheim
- Biological
Sciences Division
and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Spencer
A. Prost
- Biological
Sciences Division
and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Brian LaMarche
- Biological
Sciences Division
and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Gordon A. Anderson
- Biological
Sciences Division
and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yehia M. Ibrahim
- Biological
Sciences Division
and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological
Sciences Division
and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Avenue (K8-98), P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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