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Scalable Sacrificial Templating to Increase Porosity and Platinum Utilisation in Graphene-Based Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Electrodes. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102530. [PMID: 34684971 PMCID: PMC8539662 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte fuel cells hold great promise for a range of applications but require advances in durability for widespread commercial uptake. Corrosion of the carbon support is one of the main degradation pathways; hence, corrosion-resilient graphene has been widely suggested as an alternative to traditional carbon black. However, the performance of bulk graphene-based electrodes is typically lower than that of commercial carbon black due to their stacking effects. This article reports a simple, scalable and non-destructive method through which the pore structure and platinum utilisation of graphene-based membrane electrode assemblies can be significantly improved. Urea is incorporated into the catalyst ink before deposition, and is then simply removed from the catalyst layer after spraying by submerging the electrode in water. This additive hinders graphene restacking and increases porosity, resulting in a significant increase in Pt utilisation and current density. This technique does not require harsh template etching and it represents a pathway to significantly improve graphene-based electrodes by introducing hierarchical porosity using scalable liquid processes.
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Zhong J, Huang K, Xu W, Tang H, Waqas M, Fan Y, Wang R, Chen W, Wang Y. New strategy of S,N co-doping of conductive-copolymer-derived carbon nanotubes to effectively improve the dispersion of PtCu nanocrystals for boosting the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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53
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Balch AL, Winkler K. Electrochemistry of fullerene/transition metal complexes: Three decades of progress. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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54
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Thangaraj B, Solomon PR, Chuangchote S, Wongyao N, Surareungchai W. Biomass‐derived Carbon Quantum Dots – A Review. Part 1: Preparation and Characterization. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baskar Thangaraj
- King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute Bangkhuntien-chaitalay Road 10150 Tha Kham, Bangkok Thailand
| | - Pravin Raj Solomon
- SASTRA-Deemed University School of Chemical and Biotechnology 613 402 Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Surawut Chuangchote
- King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Research Center of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environmental Technology 126 Prachauthit Road 10140 Bangmod, Bangkok Thailand
- King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Department of Tool and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering 126 Prachauthit Road 10140 Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok Thailand
| | - Nutthapon Wongyao
- King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Research and Engineering Center Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute 10140 Bangkok Thailand
| | - Werasak Surareungchai
- King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi School of Bioresources and Technology Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Graduate Programme Faculty of Science Bangkhuntien-chaitalay Road 10150 Tha Kham, Bangkok Thailand
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55
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Cazetta AL, Spessato L, Almeida VC. The use of chemometric tools for screening and optimization of variables in the preparation and application of carbon-based materials. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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56
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Spivak M, de Graaf C, Arcisauskaite V, López X. Gating the conductance of extended metal atom chains: a computational analysis of Ru 3(dpa) 4(NCS) 2 and [Ru 3(npa) 4(NCS) 2]. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14836-14844. [PMID: 34212973 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02429a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a gate potential on the conductance of two members of the EMAC family, Ru3(dpa)4(NCS)2 and its asymmetric analogue, [Ru3(npa)4(NCS)2]+, are explored with a density functional approach combined with non-equilibrium Green's functions. From a computational perspective, the inclusion of an electrochemical gate potential represents a significant challenge because the periodic treatment of the electrode surface resists the formation of charged species. However, it is possible to mimic the effects of the electrochemical gate by including a very electropositive or electronegative atom in the unit cell that will effectively reduce or oxidize the molecule under study. In this contribution we compare this approach to the more conventional application of a solid-state gate potential, and show that both generate broadly comparable results. For two extended metal atom chain (EMAC) compounds, Ru3(dpa)4(NCS)2 and [Ru3(npa)4(NCS)2], we show that the presence of a gate potential shifts the molecular energy levels in a predictable way relative to the Fermi level, with distinct peaks in the conductance trace emerging as these levels enter the bias window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Spivak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK and Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Coen de Graaf
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vaida Arcisauskaite
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Xavier López
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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57
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Su D, Li H, Yan X, Lin Y, Lu G. Biosensors based on fluorescence carbon nanomaterials for detection of pesticides. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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58
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Zhu Y, Hagerman ME. Atomic force microscopy studies of LAPONITE® directed self-assembly of single-walled carbon nanotubes in electronic nanonetworks. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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59
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Clancy AJ, Au H, Rubio N, Coulter GO, Shaffer MSP. Understanding and controlling the covalent functionalisation of graphene. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:10308-10318. [PMID: 32643711 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01589j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical functionalisation is one of the most active areas of graphene research, motivated by fundamental science, the opportunities to adjust or supplement intrinsic properties, and the need to assemble materials for a broad array of applications. Historically, the primary consideration has been the degree of functionalisation but there is growing interest in understanding how and where modification occurs. Reactions may proceed preferentially at edges, defects, or on graphitic faces; they may be correlated, uncorrelated, or anti-correlated with previously grafted sites. A detailed collation of existing literature data indicates that steric effects play a strong role in limiting the extent of reaction. However, the pattern of functionalisation may have important effects on the resulting properties. This article addresses the unifying principles of current graphene functionalisation technologies, with emphasis on understanding and controlling the locus of functionalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Clancy
- Dept. Chemistry, UCL, Gower Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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60
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Qian J, Gao X, Pan B. Nanoconfinement-Mediated Water Treatment: From Fundamental to Application. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:8509-8526. [PMID: 32511915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Safe and clean water is of pivotal importance to all living species and the ecosystem on earth. However, the accelerating economy and industrialization of mankind generate water pollutants with much larger quantity and higher complexity than ever before, challenging the efficacy of traditional water treatment technologies. The flourishing researches on nanomaterials and nanotechnologies in the past decade have generated new understandings on many fundamental processes and brought revolutionary upgrades to various traditional technologies in almost all areas, including water treatment. An indispensable step toward the real application of nanomaterials in water treatment is to confine them in large processable substrate to address various inherent issues, such as spontaneous aggregation, difficult operation and potential environmental risks. Strikingly, when the size of the spatial restriction provided by the substrate is on the order of only one or several nanometers, referred to as nanoconfinement, the phase behavior of matter and the energy diagram of a chemical reaction could be utterly changed. Nevertheless, the relationship between such changes under nanoconfinement and their implications for water treatment is rarely elucidated systematically. In this Critical Review, we will briefly summarize the current state-of-the-art of the nanomaterials, as well as the nanoconfined analogues (i.e., nanocomposites) developed for water treatment. Afterward, we will put emphasis on the effects of nanoconfinement from three aspects, that is, on the structure and behavior of water molecules, on the formation (e.g., crystallization) of confined nanomaterials, and on the nanoenabled chemical reactions. For each aspect, we will build the correlation between the nanoconfinement effects and the current studies for water treatment. More importantly, we will make proposals for future studies based on the missing links between some of the nanoconfinement effects and the water treatment technologies. Through this Critical Review, we aim to raise the research attention on using nanoconfinement as a fundamental guide or even tool to advance water treatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieshu Qian
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Bingcai Pan
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023 China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023 China
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61
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Au H, Rubio N, Buckley DJ, Mattevi C, Shaffer MSP. Thermal Decomposition of Ternary Sodium Graphite Intercalation Compounds. Chemistry 2020; 26:6545-6553. [PMID: 32142591 PMCID: PMC7317426 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) are often used to produce exfoliated or functionalised graphene related materials (GRMs) in a specific solvent. This study explores the formation of the Na‐tetrahydrofuran (THF)‐GIC and a new ternary system based on dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Detailed comparisons of in situ temperature dependent XRD with TGA‐MS and Raman measurements reveal a series of dynamic transformations during heating. Surprisingly, the bulk of the intercalation compound is stable under ambient conditions, trapped between the graphene sheets. The heating process drives a reorganisation of the solvent and Na molecules, then an evaporation of the solvent; however, the solvent loss is arrested by restacking of the graphene layers, leading to trapped solvent bubbles. Eventually, the bubbles rupture, releasing the remaining solvent and creating expanded graphite. These trapped dopants may provide useful property enhancements, but also potentially confound measurements of grafting efficiency in liquid‐phase covalent functionalization experiments on 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Au
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Chemistry and Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Noelia Rubio
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Cecilia Mattevi
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Milo S P Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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62
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Foong LK, Foroughi MM, Mirhosseini AF, Safaei M, Jahani S, Mostafavi M, Ebrahimpoor N, Sharifi M, Varma RS, Khatami M. Applications of nano-materials in diverse dentistry regimes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15430-15460. [PMID: 35495474 PMCID: PMC9052824 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00762e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Research and development in the applied sciences at the atomic or molecular level is the order of the day under the domain of nanotechnology or nano-science with enormous influence on nearly all areas of human health and activities comprising diverse medical fields such as pharmacological studies, clinical diagnoses, and supplementary immune system. The field of nano-dentistry has emerged due to the assorted dental applications of nano-technology. This review provides a brief introduction to the general nanotechnology field and a comprehensive overview of the synthesis features and dental uses of nano-materials including current innovations and future expectations with general comments on the latest advancements in the mechanisms and the most significant toxicological dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loke Kok Foong
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University Da Nang 550000 Viet Nam
| | | | - Armita Forutan Mirhosseini
- Nanobioelectrochemistry Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences Bam Iran +98 3433210051 +98 34331321750
| | - Mohadeseh Safaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Bam University of Medical Sciences Bam Iran
| | - Shohreh Jahani
- Nanobioelectrochemistry Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences Bam Iran +98 3433210051 +98 34331321750
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Bam University of Medical Sciences Bam Iran
| | - Maryam Mostafavi
- Tehran Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
- Craniomaxilofacial Resarch Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Nasser Ebrahimpoor
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Maryam Sharifi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Šlechtitelů 27 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Mehrdad Khatami
- Nanobioelectrochemistry Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences Bam Iran +98 3433210051 +98 34331321750
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
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63
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Clancy AJ, Anthony DB, De Luca F. Metal Mimics: Lightweight, Strong, and Tough Nanocomposites and Nanomaterial Assemblies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:15955-15975. [PMID: 32191431 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ideal structural material would have high strength and stiffness with a tough ductile failure, all with a low density. Historically, no such material exists, and materials engineers have had to sacrifice a desired property during materials selection, with metals (high density), fiber composites (brittle failure), and polymers (low stiffness) having fundamental limitations on at least one front. The ongoing revolution of nanomaterials provides a potential route to build on the potential of fiber-reinforced composites, matching their strength while integrating toughening behaviors akin to metal deformations, all while using low-weight constituents. Here, the challenges, approaches, and recent developments of nanomaterials for structural applications are discussed, with an emphasis on improving toughening mechanisms, which is often the neglected factor in a field that chases strength and stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Clancy
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - David B Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - François De Luca
- Advanced Materials Characterisation group, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, U.K
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64
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Bousrih I, El Kateb M, Szczepanski CR, Beji M, Guittard F, Darmanin T. A bioinspired strategy for designing well-ordered nanotubular structures by templateless electropolymerization of thieno[3,4- b]thiophene-based monomers. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190450. [PMID: 32008445 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, a bioinspired strategy is used to prepare well-ordered nanotubular structures, as observed in animals and plants, such as gecko toe pads or corals. The nanotubes are obtained by templateless electropolymerization of thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-based monomers with various aromatic groups in an organic solvent (dichloromethane). The most interesting and robust structures were obtained with carbazole and pyrene substituents to the base monomer structure, since these groups participate significantly in the polymerization and also have strong π-stacking interactions. The addition of water to electropolymerization solvent significantly impacted the formation of nanotubes, as it caused the release of a significant amount of H2 and O2 bubbles, depending on the electropolymerization method. Identifying templateless approaches to vary nanotubular structures is very interesting, as these materials are sought-after for applications in water harvesting systems. This article is part of the theme issue 'Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology (part 3)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Bousrih
- Laboratory of Structural Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mejda El Kateb
- Laboratory of Structural Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Caroline R Szczepanski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mohammed Beji
- Laboratory of Structural Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Frédéric Guittard
- Université Côte d'Azur, NICE Lab, 06200 Nice, France
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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65
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Zheng M, Cai W, Fang Y, Wang X. Nanoscale boron carbonitride semiconductors for photoredox catalysis. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:3593-3604. [PMID: 32020138 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09333h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of solar energy to chemical energy achieved by photocatalysts comprising homogeneous transition-metal based systems, organic dyes, or semiconductors has received significant attention in recent years. Among these photocatalysts, boron carbon nitride (BCN) materials, as an emerging class of metal-free heterogeneous semiconductors, have extended the scope of photocatalysts due to their good performance and Earth abundance. The combination of boron (B), carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) constitutes a ternary system with large surface area and abundant activity sites, which together contribute to the good performance for reduction reactions, oxidation reactions and orchestrated both reduction and oxidation reactions. This Minireview reports the methods for the synthesis of nanoscale hexagonal boron carbonitride (h-BCN) and describes the latest advances in the application of h-BCN materials as semiconductor photocatalysts for sustainable photosynthesis, such as water splitting, reduction of CO2, acceptorless dehydrogenation, oxidation of sp3 C-H bonds, and sp2 C-H functionalization. h-BCN materials may have potential for applications in other organic transformations and industrial manufacture in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Wancang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Yuanxing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
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66
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Highly efficient treatment of oily wastewater using magnetic carbon nanotubes/layered double hydroxides composites. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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67
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Mateos-Gil J, Calbo J, Rodríguez-Pérez L, Ángeles Herranz M, Ortí E, Martín N. Carbon Nanotubes Conjugated with Triazole-Based Tetrathiafulvalene-Type Receptors for C 60 Recognition. Chempluschem 2020; 84:730-739. [PMID: 31944013 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fullerene receptors prepared by a twofold CuI -catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction with π-extended tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF) have been covalently linked to single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The nanoconjugates obtained were characterized by several analytical, spectroscopic and microscopic techniques (TEM, FTIR, Raman, TGA and XPS), and evaluated as C60 receptors by using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The complexation between the exTTF-triazole receptor in the free state and C60 was also studied by UV-Vis and 1 H NMR titrations, and compared with analogous triazole-based tweezer-type receptors containing the electron-acceptor 11,11,12,12-tetracyano-9,10-anthraquinodimethane and benzene rings instead of exTTF motifs, providing in all cases very similar values for the association constant (log Ka ≈3.0-3.1). Theoretical density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the enhanced interaction between the host and the guest upon increasing the size of the π-conjugated arms of the tweezer is compensated by an increase in the energy penalty needed to distort the geometry of the host to wrap C60 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Mateos-Gil
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Current address: Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joaquín Calbo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez-Pérez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ma Ángeles Herranz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia c/Faraday 9, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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68
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Xia D, Huang P, Li H, Rubio Carrero N. Fast and efficient electrical–thermal responses of functional nanoparticle decorated nanocarbon aerogels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14393-14396. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03784b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report multifunctional nanoparticle/nanocarbon hybrid aerogels for effective and energy-efficient regeneration of exhausted functional nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xia
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
| | - Peng Huang
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences
- Heriot-Watt University
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Estuarine Ecological Security and Environmental Health
- Tan Kah Kee College
- Xiamen University
- Zhangzhou
- China
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69
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Garrido M, Volland MK, Münich PW, Rodríguez-Pérez L, Calbo J, Ortí E, Herranz MÁ, Martín N, Guldi DM. Mono- and Tripodal Porphyrins: Investigation on the Influence of the Number of Pyrene Anchors in Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Hybrids. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:1895-1903. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Garrido
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michel K. Volland
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter W. Münich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laura Rodríguez-Pérez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Calbo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - M. Ángeles Herranz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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70
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Tuning nanotubular structures by templateless electropolymerization with thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-based monomers with different substituents and water content. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 564:19-27. [PMID: 31896424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Here, templateless electropolymerization is employed to produce nanotubular structures from various thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-based monomers that differ in substituent structure and size, as well as the linker connecting the thieno[3,4-b]thiophene core and substituent. The formation of densely packed vertically aligned are obtained from monomers with a pyrene substituent and when a significant amount of water (CH2Cl2 + H2O) is included in the solvent. The geometrical parameters of the nanotubes are highly dependent on the electopolymerization method. A significant amount of air is trapped within the structure of the densely packed open nanotubes obtained with Qs = 100 mC cm-2 causing an increase in water contact angle (θw) up to 82.6° (intermediate state between the Wenzel and the Cassie-Baxter state), and θw can become even more hydrophobic by further modifying the deposition method or the electrolyte.
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71
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Dong Y, Ma Y, Li Y, Niu M, Yang J, Song X, Li D, Liu Y, Zhang J. 3D architectures with Co 2(OH) 2CO 3 nanowires wrapped by reduced graphene oxide as superior rate anode materials for Li-ion batteries. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:21180-21187. [PMID: 31663563 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07163f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Open porous 3D architectures with Co2(OH)2CO3 nanowires wrapped by highly conductive reduced graphene oxide films are designed and exploited for the first time as anodes for lithium ion batteries; the materials were fabricated via one-step hydrothermal synthesis and self-assembly based on the electrostatic interaction and coordination principle and delivered superior rate performance (1510 and 445 mA h g-1 at 0.1 and 20 A g-1, respectively) and long cycle stability (5000th reversible capacity of 550 mA h g-1 at 10 A g-1). This extremely encouraging result is attributed to the open porous 3D networks and ultrafine diameters of the nanowires, which achieved better electrical contact between the active materials and shortened the ion/electron transport paths; this highlights the synergistic effect of combining the Co2(OH)2CO3 nanowires and rGO films. Especially, the hydroxide (LiOH) can provide a good skeleton structure, ionic conductivity and fast kinetics. Additionally, the lithium storage mechanism of the Co2(OH)2CO3/rGO electrode has been elaborately studied. This work not only enlightens the design of open porous 3D architecture hybrid anode materials of transition-metal hydroxyl carbonates with great potential prospective applications for high energy lithium storage, but also provides a new strategy to construct graphene-based composite materials via the coordination principle and molecular self-assembly theory to achieve more functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Dong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yuhang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yongsheng Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Meiting Niu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xuechao Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yushan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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72
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Sikder KU, Shivdasani MN, Fallon JB, Seligman P, Ganesan K, Villalobos J, Prawer S, Garrett DJ. Electrically conducting diamond films grown on platinum foil for neural stimulation. J Neural Eng 2019; 16:066002. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab2e79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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73
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Wang X, Feng Y, Dong P, Huang J. A Mini Review on Carbon Quantum Dots: Preparation, Properties, and Electrocatalytic Application. Front Chem 2019; 7:671. [PMID: 31637234 PMCID: PMC6787169 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) represent a new form of nanocarbon materials which have gained widespread attention in recent years, especially in chemical sensor, bioimaging, nanomedicine, solar cells, light-emitting diode (LED), and electrocatalysis. CQDs can be prepared simply and inexpensively by multiple techniques, such as the arc-discharge method, microwave pyrolysis, hydrothermal method, and electrochemical synthesis. CQDs show excellent physical and chemical properties like high crystallization, good dispersibility, photoluminescence properties. In particular, the small size, superconductivity, and rapid electron transfer of CQDs endow the CQDs-based composite with improved electric conductivity and catalytic activity. Besides, CQDs have abundant functional groups on the surface which could facilitate the preparation of multi-component electrical active catalysts. The interactions inside these multi-component catalysts may further enhance the catalytic performance by promoting charge transfer which plays an important role in electrochemistry. Most recent researches on CQDs have focused on their fluorescence characteristics and photocatalytic properties. This review will summarize the primary advances of CQDs in the synthetic methods, excellent physical and electronic properties, and application in electrocatalysis, including oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reduction (HER), and CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongqiang Feng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
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74
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Ji M, Mason ML, Modarelli DA, Parquette JR. Threading carbon nanotubes through a self-assembled nanotube. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7868-7877. [PMID: 31853346 PMCID: PMC6844271 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02313e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving the co-assembly of more than one component represents an important challenge in the drive to create functional self-assembled nanomaterials. Multicomponent nanomaterials comprised of several discrete, spatially sorted domains of components with high degrees of internal order are particularly important for applications such as optoelectronics. In this work, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were threaded through the inner channel of nanotubes formed by the bolaamphiphilic self-assembly of a naphthalenediimide-lysine (NDI-Bola) monomer. The self-assembly process was driven by electrostatic interactions, as indicated by ζ-potential measurements, and cation-π interactions between the surface of the SWNT and the positively charged, NDI-Bola nanotube interior. To increase the threading efficiency, the NDI-Bola nanotubes were fragmented into shortened segments with lengths of <100 nm via sonication-induced shear, prior to co-assembly with the SWNTs. The threading process created an initial composite nanostructure in which the SWNTs were threaded by multiple, shortened segments of the NDI-Bola nanotube that progressively re-elongated along the SWNT surface into a continuous radial coating around the SWNT. The resultant composite structure displayed NDI-Bola wall thicknesses twice that of the parent nanotube, reflecting a bilayer wall structure, as compared to the monolayer structure of the parent NDI-Bola nanotube. As a final, co-axial outer layer, poly(p-phenyleneethynylene) (PPE-SO3Na, M W = 5.76 × 104, PDI - 1.11) was wrapped around the SWNT/NDI-Bola composite resulting in a three-component (SWNT/NDI-Bola/PPE-SO3Na) composite nanostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Ji
- Department of Chemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 W. 18th Ave. , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , USA .
| | - McKensie L Mason
- Department of Chemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 W. 18th Ave. , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , USA .
| | - David A Modarelli
- Department of Chemistry , Center for Laser and Optical Spectroscopy , Knight Chemical Laboratory , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325-3601 , USA
| | - Jon R Parquette
- Department of Chemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 W. 18th Ave. , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , USA .
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75
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Basma N, Cullen PL, Clancy AJ, Shaffer MSP, Skipper NT, Headen TF, Howard CA. The liquid structure of the solvents dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylacetamide (DMA). Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1649494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Basma
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P. L. Cullen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - A. J. Clancy
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - M. S. P. Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - N. T. Skipper
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - T. F. Headen
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - C. A. Howard
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
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76
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Zhang YN, Niu Q, Gu X, Yang N, Zhao G. Recent progress on carbon nanomaterials for the electrochemical detection and removal of environmental pollutants. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:11992-12014. [PMID: 31140537 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02935d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Rapid global industrialization and explosive population growth have resulted in an increase in the discharge of harmful and toxic compounds. These toxic inorganic gases, volatile organic compounds, heavy metals, personal care products, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, dyes, and pharmaceuticals are destroying the balance in the Earth and increasing environmental toxicity at an alarming rate. Thus, their detection, adsorption and removal are of great significance. Various carbon nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes, graphene, mesoporous carbon, carbon dots, and boron-doped diamond have been extensively utilized and further proven to be ideal candidates for resolving environmental problems, emerging as adsorbents, electrochemical sensors and electrodes. Herein, we review the recent advances, progress and achievements in the design and properties of carbon nanomaterials and their applications for the electrochemical detection and removal of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiongyan Niu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaotong Gu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nianjun Yang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, Siegen 57076, Germany
| | - Guohua Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
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77
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Redox two-component initiated free radical and cationic polymerizations: Concepts, reactions and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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78
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Abstract
The chemical challenge of economically splitting water into molecular hydrogen and oxygen requires continuous development of more efficient, less-toxic, and cheaper catalyst materials. This review article highlights the potential of iron sulfide-based nanomaterials as electrocatalysts for water-splitting and predominantly as catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Besides new synthetic techniques leading to phase-pure iron sulfide nano objects and thin-films, the article reviews three new material classes: (a) FeS2-TiO2 hybrid structures; (b) iron sulfide-2D carbon support composites; and (c) metal-doped (e.g., cobalt and nickel) iron sulfide materials. In recent years, immense progress has been made in the development of these materials, which exhibit enormous potential as hydrogen evolution catalysts and may represent a genuine alternative to more traditional, noble metal-based catalysts. First developments in this comparably new research area are summarized in this article and discussed together with theoretical studies on hydrogen evolution reactions involving iron sulfide electrocatalysts.
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79
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Poklonski NA, Ratkevich SV, Vyrko SA, Vlassov AT, Hieu NN. Quantum Chemical Calculation of Reactions Involving C 20, C 60, Graphene and H 2O. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x19400088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Calculations of chemical reactions between C20, C60, hydrogen and water molecules are carried out using the PM3 method. Reactions with a hydrogen release at room temperature and atmospheric pressure are identified by the Gibbs energy change. The hydrogen release can be raised by increasing the number of water molecules in chlorine-assisted decomposition of fullerenes. Calculations of the Gibbs energy of chemical reactions involving water molecules between two parallel curved graphene sheets are carried out using DFT with the functional UB3LYP. During pumping between plates of an electric capacitor designed from curved graphene sheets, the water vapor with the assistance of external illumination is enriched by electrically neutral hydroxyl groups (OH)0.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Poklonski
- Physics Faculty, Belarusian State University, Nezavisimosti Ave. 4, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - S. V. Ratkevich
- Physics Faculty, Belarusian State University, Nezavisimosti Ave. 4, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - S. A. Vyrko
- Physics Faculty, Belarusian State University, Nezavisimosti Ave. 4, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - A. T. Vlassov
- Physics Faculty, Belarusian State University, Nezavisimosti Ave. 4, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Hieu
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
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80
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The mechanism of ozonolysis on the surface of C70 fullerene. The free energy surface theoretical study. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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81
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Qin J, Wang X, Jiang Q, Cao M. Optimizing Dispersion, Exfoliation, Synthesis, and Device Fabrication of Inorganic Nanomaterials Using Hansen Solubility Parameters. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:1069-1097. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Qiwang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Minhua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
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82
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83
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Clancy AJ, Sirisinudomkit P, Anthony DB, Thong AZ, Greenfield JL, Salaken Singh MK, Shaffer MSP. Real-time mechanistic study of carbon nanotube anion functionalisation through open circuit voltammetry. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3300-3306. [PMID: 30996916 PMCID: PMC6428032 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04970j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of the functionalisation of reduced single walled carbon nanotubes with organobromides was monitored by open circuit voltammetry throughout the reaction and further elucidated through a series of comparative reactions. The degree of functionalisation was mapped against the reagent reduction potential, degree of electron donation of substituents (Hammett parameter), and energies calculated, ab initio, for dissociation and heterolytic cleavage of the C-Br bond. In contrast to the previously assumed reduction/homolytic cleavage mechanism, the reaction was shown to consist of a rapid association of carbon-halide bond to the reduced nanotube as a complex, displacing surface-condensed countercations, leading to an initial increase in the net nanotube surface negative charge. The complex subsequently slowly degrades through charge transfer from the reduced single-walled carbon nanotube to the organobromide, utilizing charge, and the carbon-halide bond breaks heterolytically. Electron density on the C-Br bond in the initial reagent is the best predictor for degree of functionalisation, with more electron donating substituents increasing the degree of functionalisation. Both the mechanism and the new application of OCV to study such reactions are potentially relevant to a wide range of related systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Clancy
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , WC1E 7JE , UK .
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Pichamon Sirisinudomkit
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
- Department of Materials , Imperial College London , SW7 2AZ , UK
| | - David B Anthony
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Aaron Z Thong
- Department of Materials , Imperial College London , SW7 2AZ , UK
| | - Jake L Greenfield
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK
| | | | - Milo S P Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
- Department of Materials , Imperial College London , SW7 2AZ , UK
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84
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Kuang X, Kuang R, Dong Y, Wang Z, Sun X, Zhang Y, Wei Q. Hollow Polyhedral Arrays Composed of a Co3O4 Nanocrystal Ensemble on a Honeycomb-like Carbon Hybrid for Boosting Highly Active and Stable Evolution Oxygen. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:3683-3689. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Rui Kuang
- College of Traffic Civil Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Yanfang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Zhiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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85
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Esrafili MD, Nejadebrahimi B. N2O reduction over a porous Si-decorated carbon nitride fullerene: A DFT study. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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86
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Damasceno JPV, Zarbin AJG. A new approach for the achievement of stable aqueous dispersions of carbon nanotubes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5809-5812. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01541h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and innovative way to achieve highly stable aqueous dispersions of both multi- and single-walled carbon nanotubes is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo V. Damasceno
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR)
- Centro Politécnico
- CP 19032
- Curitiba
| | - Aldo J. G. Zarbin
- Department of Chemistry
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR)
- Centro Politécnico
- CP 19032
- Curitiba
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87
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Song W, Zhao B, Wang C, Ozaki Y, Lu X. Functional nanomaterials with unique enzyme-like characteristics for sensing applications. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:850-875. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02878h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We highlight the recent developments in functional nanomaterials with unique enzyme-like characteristics for sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Ce Wang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- School of Science and Technology
- Kwansei Gakuin Universty
- Hyogo 660-1337
- Japan
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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88
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Smirnov S, Anoshkin IV, Generalov A, Lioubtchenko DV, Oberhammer J. Wavelength-dependent photoconductivity of single-walled carbon nanotube layers. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14677-14682. [PMID: 35516325 PMCID: PMC9064124 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01467e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of electronic devices such as phase shifters, polarizers, modulators, and power splitters are based on tunable materials. These materials often do not meet all the requirements namely low losses, fast response time, and technological compatibility. Novel nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes, are therefore widely studied to fill this technological gap. Here we show how the dielectric constant of single-walled carbon nanotube layers can be substantially modified by illuminating them due to unique light–matter interactions. We relate the optical excitation of the nanotube layers to the illumination wavelength and intensity, by resistance and capacitance measurements. The dielectric constant is modified under laser illumination due to the change of material polarization and free carrier generation, and is shown to not be temperature-related. The findings indicate that SWCNT layers are a prospective tunable optoelectronic material for both high and low frequency applications. The optically-tunable dielectric properties of single-walled carbon nanotube layers are wavelength-dependent.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Serguei Smirnov
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Ilya V. Anoshkin
- Department of Photonics and Optical Information Technologies
- ITMO University
- 197101 Saint Petersburg
- Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Generalov
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering
- Aalto University
- Finland
| | - Dmitri V. Lioubtchenko
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
- Center for Terahertz Research and Applications (CENTERA)
| | - Joachim Oberhammer
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
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89
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Clancy AJ, Leese HS, Rubio N, Buckley DJ, Greenfield JL, Shaffer MSP. Depleting Depletion: Maintaining Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Dispersions after Graft-To Polymer Functionalization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:15396-15402. [PMID: 30428675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Grafting polymers onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) usefully alters properties but does not typically yield stable, solvated species directly. Despite the expectation of steric stabilization, a damaging (re)dispersion step is usually necessary. Here, poly(vinyl acetate)s (PVAc's) of varying molecular weights are grafted to individualized, reduced SWCNTs at different concentrations to examine the extent of reaction and degree of solvation. The use of higher polymer concentrations leads to an increase in grafting ratio (weight fraction of grafted polymer relative to the SWCNT framework), approaching the limit of random sequentially adsorbed Flory "mushrooms" on the surface. However, at higher polymer concentrations, a larger percentage of SWCNTs precipitate during the reaction; an effect which is more significant for larger weight polymers. The precipitation is attributed to depletion interactions generated by ungrafted homopolymer overcoming Coulombic repulsion of adjacent like-charged SWCNTs; a simple model is proposed. Larger polymers and greater degrees of functionalization favor stable solvation, but larger and more concentrated homopolymers increase depletion aggregation. By using low concentrations (25 μM) of larger molecular weight PVAc (10 kDa), up to 65% of grafted SWCNTs were retained in solution (at 65 μg mL-1) directly after the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Clancy
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , London WC1E 7JE , United Kingdom
- Institute for Materials Discovery , University College London , London WC1E 7JE , United Kingdom
| | - Hannah S Leese
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY , United Kingdom
| | | | - David J Buckley
- National Physical Laboratory , Teddington TW11 0LW , United Kingdom
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90
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Pokora M, Paneth P. Can Adsorption on Graphene be Used for Isotopic Enrichment? A DFT Perspective. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112981. [PMID: 30445725 PMCID: PMC6278471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have explored the theoretical applicability of adsorption on graphene for the isotopic enrichment of aromatic compounds. Our results indicate that for nonpolar molecules, like benzene, the model compound used in these studies shows a reasonable isotopic fractionation that is obtained only for the deuterated species. For heavier elements, isotopic enrichment might be possible with more polar compounds, e.g., nitro- or chloro-substituted aromatics. For benzene, it is also not possible to use isotopic fractionation to differentiate between different orientations of the adsorbed molecule over the graphene surface. Our results also allowed for the identification of theory levels and computational procedures that can be used for the reliable prediction of the isotope effects on adsorption on graphene. In particular, the use of partial Hessian is an attractive approach that yields acceptable values at an enormous increase of speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Pokora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Piotr Paneth
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
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91
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Jia J, White ER, Clancy AJ, Rubio N, Suter T, Miller TS, McColl K, McMillan PF, Brázdová V, Corà F, Howard CA, Law RV, Mattevi C, Shaffer MSP. Fast Exfoliation and Functionalisation of Two-Dimensional Crystalline Carbon Nitride by Framework Charging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12656-12660. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jia
- Dept. Chemistry; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Current address: Dept. Materials; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 China
| | | | - Adam J. Clancy
- Dept. Chemistry; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Noelia Rubio
- Dept. Chemistry; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Theo Suter
- Dept. Chemistry; University College London; London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | | | - Kit McColl
- Dept. Chemistry; University College London; London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | | | | | - Furio Corà
- Dept. Chemistry; University College London; London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | | | - Robert V. Law
- Dept. Chemistry; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | | | - Milo S. P. Shaffer
- Dept. Chemistry; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Dept. Materials; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
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92
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Jia J, White ER, Clancy AJ, Rubio N, Suter T, Miller TS, McColl K, McMillan PF, Brázdová V, Corà F, Howard CA, Law RV, Mattevi C, Shaffer MSP. Fast Exfoliation and Functionalisation of Two-Dimensional Crystalline Carbon Nitride by Framework Charging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jia
- Dept. Chemistry; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Current address: Dept. Materials; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 China
| | | | - Adam J. Clancy
- Dept. Chemistry; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Noelia Rubio
- Dept. Chemistry; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Theo Suter
- Dept. Chemistry; University College London; London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | | | - Kit McColl
- Dept. Chemistry; University College London; London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | | | | | - Furio Corà
- Dept. Chemistry; University College London; London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | | | - Robert V. Law
- Dept. Chemistry; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | | | - Milo S. P. Shaffer
- Dept. Chemistry; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Dept. Materials; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
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