51
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Kraml J, Hofer F, Kamenik AS, Waibl F, Kahler U, Schauperl M, Liedl KR. Solvation Thermodynamics in Different Solvents: Water-Chloroform Partition Coefficients from Grid Inhomogeneous Solvation Theory. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:3843-3853. [PMID: 32639731 PMCID: PMC7460078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reliable information on partition coefficients plays a key role in drug development, as solubility decisively affects bioavailability. In a physicochemical context, the partition coefficient of a solute between two different solvents can be described as a function of solvation free energies. Hence, substantial scientific efforts have been made toward accurate predictions of solvation free energies in various solvents. The grid inhomogeneous solvation theory (GIST) facilitates the calculation of solvation free energies. In this study, we introduce an extended version of the GIST algorithm, which enables the calculation for chloroform in addition to water. Furthermore, GIST allows localization of enthalpic and entropic contributions. We test our approach by calculating partition coefficients between water and chloroform for a set of eight small molecules. We report a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.96 between experimentally determined and calculated partition coefficients. The capability to reliably predict partition coefficients between water and chloroform and the possibility to localize their contributions allow the optimization of a compound's partition coefficient. Therefore, we presume that this methodology will be of great benefit for the efficient development of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kraml
- Institute of General, Inorganic and
Theoretical Chemistry, and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck
(CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Hofer
- Institute of General, Inorganic and
Theoretical Chemistry, and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck
(CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna S. Kamenik
- Institute of General, Inorganic and
Theoretical Chemistry, and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck
(CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Franz Waibl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and
Theoretical Chemistry, and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck
(CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ursula Kahler
- Institute of General, Inorganic and
Theoretical Chemistry, and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck
(CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Schauperl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and
Theoretical Chemistry, and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck
(CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and
Theoretical Chemistry, and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck
(CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80−82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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52
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Lam KHB, Le Blanc JCY, Campbell JL. Separating Isomers, Conformers, and Analogues of Cyclosporin using Differential Mobility Spectroscopy, Mass Spectrometry, and Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11053-11061. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. H. Brian Lam
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | - J. Larry Campbell
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario L4K 4 V8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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53
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Kamenik AS, Kraml J, Hofer F, Waibl F, Quoika PK, Kahler U, Schauperl M, Liedl KR. Macrocycle Cell Permeability Measured by Solvation Free Energies in Polar and Apolar Environments. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:3508-3517. [PMID: 32551643 PMCID: PMC7388155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The relation of surface polarity and conformational preferences is decisive for cell permeability and thus bioavailability of macrocyclic drugs. Here, we employ grid inhomogeneous solvation theory (GIST) to calculate solvation free energies for a series of six macrocycles in water and chloroform as a measure of passive membrane permeability. We perform accelerated molecular dynamics simulations to capture a diverse structural ensemble in water and chloroform, allowing for a direct profiling of solvent-dependent conformational preferences. Subsequent GIST calculations facilitate a quantitative measure of solvent preference in the form of a transfer free energy, calculated from the ensemble-averaged solvation free energies in water and chloroform. Hence, the proposed method considers how the conformational diversity of macrocycles in polar and apolar solvents translates into transfer free energies. Following this strategy, we find a striking correlation of 0.92 between experimentally determined cell permeabilities and calculated transfer free energies. For the studied model systems, we find that the transfer free energy exceeds the purely water-based solvation free energies as a reliable estimate of cell permeability and that conformational sampling is imperative for a physically meaningful model. We thus recommend this purely physics-based approach as a computational tool to assess cell permeabilities of macrocyclic drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Kamenik
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020 Austria
| | - Johannes Kraml
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020 Austria
| | - Florian Hofer
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020 Austria
| | - Franz Waibl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020 Austria
| | - Patrick K Quoika
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020 Austria
| | - Ursula Kahler
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020 Austria
| | - Michael Schauperl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020 Austria
| | - Klaus R Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020 Austria
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54
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Mulligan VK. The emerging role of computational design in peptide macrocycle drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:833-852. [PMID: 32345066 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1751117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery is a laborious process with rising cost per new drug. Peptide macrocycles are promising therapeutics, though conformational flexibility can reduce target affinity and specificity. Recent computational advancements address this problem by enabling rational design of rigidly folded peptide macrocycles. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes currently approved peptide macrocycle therapeutics and discusses advantages of mesoscale drugs over small molecules or protein therapeutics. It describes the history, rationale, and state of the art of computational tools, such as Rosetta, that allow the design of rigidly structured peptide macrocycles. The emerging pipeline for designing peptide macrocycle drugs is described, including current challenges in designing permeable molecules that can emulate the chameleonic behavior of natural macrocycles. Prospects for reducing computational cost and improving accuracy with emerging computational technologies are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION To embrace computational design of peptide macrocycle drugs, we must shift current attitudes regarding the role of computation in drug discovery, and move beyond Lipinski's rules. This technology has the potential to shift failures to earlier in silico stages of the drug discovery process, improving success rates in costly clinical trials. Given the available tools, now is the time for drug developers to incorporate peptide macrocycle design into drug discovery pipelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram K Mulligan
- Systems Biology, Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute , New York, NY, USA
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55
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Wang S, Witek J, Landrum GA, Riniker S. Improving Conformer Generation for Small Rings and Macrocycles Based on Distance Geometry and Experimental Torsional-Angle Preferences. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:2044-2058. [PMID: 32155061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The conformer generator ETKDG is a stochastic search method that utilizes distance geometry together with knowledge derived from experimental crystal structures. It has been shown to generate good conformers for acyclic, flexible molecules. This work builds on ETKDG to improve conformer generation of molecules containing small or large aliphatic (i.e., non-aromatic) rings. For one, we devise additional torsional-angle potentials to describe small aliphatic rings and adapt the previously developed potentials for acyclic bonds to facilitate the sampling of macrocycles. However, due to the larger number of degrees of freedom of macrocycles, the conformational space to sample is much broader than for small molecules, creating a challenge for conformer generators. We therefore introduce different heuristics to restrict the search space of macrocycles and bias the sampling toward more experimentally relevant structures. Specifically, we show the usage of elliptical geometry and customizable Coulombic interactions as heuristics. The performance of the improved ETKDG is demonstrated on test sets of diverse macrocycles and cyclic peptides. The code developed here will be incorporated into the 2020.03 release of the open-source cheminformatics library RDKit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhe Wang
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jagna Witek
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Sereina Riniker
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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56
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Wallraven K, Holmelin FL, Glas A, Hennig S, Frolov AI, Grossmann TN. Adapting free energy perturbation simulations for large macrocyclic ligands: how to dissect contributions from direct binding and free ligand flexibility. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2269-2276. [PMID: 32180932 PMCID: PMC7057854 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04705k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Large and flexible ligands gain increasing interest in the development of bioactive agents. They challenge the applicability of computational ligand optimization strategies originally developed for small molecules. Free energy perturbation (FEP) is often used for predicting binding affinities of small molecule ligands, however, its use for more complex ligands remains limited. Herein, we report the structure-based design of peptide macrocycles targeting the protein binding site of human adaptor protein 14-3-3. We observe a surprisingly strong dependency of binding affinities on relatively small variations in substituent size. FEP was performed to rationalize observed trends. To account for insufficient convergence of FEP, restrained calculations were performed and complemented with extensive REST MD simulations of the free ligands. These calculations revealed that changes in affinity originate both from altered direct interactions and conformational changes of the free ligand. In addition, MD simulations provided the basis to rationalize unexpected trends in ligand lipophilicity. We also verified the anticipated interaction site and binding mode for one of the high affinity ligands by X-ray crystallography. The introduced fully-atomistic simulation protocol can be used to rationalize the development of structurally complex ligands which will support future ligand maturation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Wallraven
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences , VU University Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083 , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands .
| | - Fredrik L Holmelin
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism , BioPharmaceuticals R&D , AstraZeneca , Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal , 431 83 , Sweden .
| | - Adrian Glas
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences , VU University Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083 , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands .
| | - Sven Hennig
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences , VU University Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083 , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands .
| | - Andrey I Frolov
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism , BioPharmaceuticals R&D , AstraZeneca , Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal , 431 83 , Sweden .
| | - Tom N Grossmann
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences , VU University Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083 , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands .
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57
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Lemke O, Götze JP. On the Stability of the Water-Soluble Chlorophyll-Binding Protein (WSCP) Studied by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:10594-10604. [PMID: 31702165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b07915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The water-soluble chlorophyll-binding protein (WSCP) is assumed to be not a part of the photosynthetic process. Applying molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we aimed to obtain insight into the exceptional stability of WSCP. We analyzed dynamical features such as the hydrogen bond network, flexibility, and force distributions. The WSCP structure contains two cysteines at the interfaces of every protein chain, which are in close contact with the cysteines of the other dimer. We tested if a connection of these cysteines between different protein chains influences the dynamical behavior to investigate any influences on the thermal stability. We find that the hydrogen bond network is very stable regardless of the presence or absence of the hypothetical disulfide bridges and/or the chlorophyll units. Furthermore, it is found that the phytyl chains of the chlorophyll units are extremely flexible, much more than what is seen in crystal structures. Nonetheless, they seem to protect a photochemically active site of the chlorophylls over the complete simulation time. Finally, we also find that a cavity in the chlorophyll-surrounding sheath exists, which may allow access for individual small molecules to the core of WSCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Lemke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Jan P Götze
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
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58
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Hyun S, Li L, Yoon KC, Yu J. An amphipathic cell penetrating peptide aids cell penetration of cyclosporin A and increases its therapeutic effect in an in vivo mouse model for dry eye disease. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13657-13660. [PMID: 31595891 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05960a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptide (CPP), LK-3, causes a ca. 10-fold increase in the cell penetration of cyclosporin A (CsA) at nanomolar concentrations. The results of an in vivo dry eye mouse model demonstrated that a 100-fold lower dose of the CsA/LK-3 complex than that of Restasis® is sufficient to cause the same therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonsil Hyun
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea.
| | - Kyung Chul Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea.
| | - Jaehoon Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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59
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Modelling the binding mode of macrocycles: Docking and conformational sampling. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 28:115143. [PMID: 31771798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery is increasingly tackling challenging protein binding sites regarding molecular recognition and druggability, including shallow and solvent-exposed protein-protein interaction interfaces. Macrocycles are emerging as promising chemotypes to modulate such sites. Despite their chemical complexity, macrocycles comprise important drugs and offer advantages compared to non-cyclic analogs, hence the recent impetus in the medicinal chemistry of macrocycles. Elaboration of macrocycles, or constituent fragments, can strongly benefit from knowledge of their binding mode to a target. When such information from X-ray crystallography is elusive, computational docking can provide working models. However, few studies have explored docking protocols for macrocycles, since conventional docking methods struggle with the conformational complexity of macrocycles, and also potentially with the shallower topology of their binding sites. Indeed, macrocycle binding mode prediction with the mainstream docking software GOLD has hardly been explored. Here, we present an in-depth study of macrocycle docking with GOLD and the ChemPLP scores. First, we summarize the thorough curation of a test set of 41 protein-macrocycle X-ray structures, raising the issue of lattice contacts with such systems. Rigid docking of the known bioactive conformers was successful (three top ranked poses) for 92.7% of the systems, in absence of crystallographic waters. Thus, without conformational search issues, scoring performed well. However, docking success dropped to 29.3% with the GOLD built-in conformational search. Yet, the success rate doubled to 58.5% when GOLD was supplied with extensive conformer ensembles docked rigidly. The reasons for failure, sampling or scoring, were analyzed, exemplified with particular cases. Overall, binding mode prediction of macrocycles remains challenging, but can be much improved with tailored protocols. The analysis of the interplay between conformational sampling and docking will be relevant to the prospective modelling of macrocycles in general.
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60
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Abstract
Approximately 75% of all disease-relevant human proteins, including those involved in intracellular protein-protein interactions (PPIs), are undruggable with the current drug modalities (i.e., small molecules and biologics). Macrocyclic peptides provide a potential solution to these undruggable targets because their larger sizes (relative to conventional small molecules) endow them the capability of binding to flat PPI interfaces with antibody-like affinity and specificity. Powerful combinatorial library technologies have been developed to routinely identify cyclic peptides as potent, specific inhibitors against proteins including PPI targets. However, with the exception of a very small set of sequences, the vast majority of cyclic peptides are impermeable to the cell membrane, preventing their application against intracellular targets. This Review examines common structural features that render most cyclic peptides membrane impermeable, as well as the unique features that allow the minority of sequences to enter the cell interior by passive diffusion, endocytosis/endosomal escape, or other mechanisms. We also present the current state of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of cell penetration, the various strategies for designing cell-permeable, biologically active cyclic peptides against intracellular targets, and the assay methods available to quantify their cell-permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G. Dougherty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ashweta Sahni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Dehua Pei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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61
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Ono S, Naylor MR, Townsend CE, Okumura C, Okada O, Lokey RS. Conformation and Permeability: Cyclic Hexapeptide Diastereomers. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:2952-2963. [PMID: 31042375 PMCID: PMC7751304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Conformational ensembles of eight cyclic hexapeptide diastereomers in explicit cyclohexane, chloroform, and water were analyzed by multicanonical molecular dynamics (McMD) simulations. Free-energy landscapes (FELs) for each compound and solvent were obtained from the molecular shapes and principal component analysis at T = 300 K; detailed analysis of the conformational ensembles and flexibility of the FELs revealed that permeable compounds have different structural profiles even for a single stereoisomeric change. The average solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) in cyclohexane showed excellent correlation with the cell permeability, whereas this correlation was weaker in chloroform. The average SASA in water correlated with the aqueous solubility. The average polar surface area did not correlate with cell permeability in these solvents. A possible strategy for designing permeable cyclic peptides from FELs obtained from McMD simulations is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ono
- Modality Laboratories, Innovative Research Division,
Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama,
Kanagawa 227-0033, Japan
| | - Matthew R. Naylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United
States
| | - Chad E. Townsend
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United
States
| | - Chieko Okumura
- Modality Laboratories, Innovative Research Division,
Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama,
Kanagawa 227-0033, Japan
| | - Okimasa Okada
- Modality Laboratories, Innovative Research Division,
Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama,
Kanagawa 227-0033, Japan
| | - R. Scott Lokey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United
States
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62
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Enkavi G, Javanainen M, Kulig W, Róg T, Vattulainen I. Multiscale Simulations of Biological Membranes: The Challenge To Understand Biological Phenomena in a Living Substance. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5607-5774. [PMID: 30859819 PMCID: PMC6727218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biological membranes are tricky to investigate. They are complex in terms of molecular composition and structure, functional over a wide range of time scales, and characterized by nonequilibrium conditions. Because of all of these features, simulations are a great technique to study biomembrane behavior. A significant part of the functional processes in biological membranes takes place at the molecular level; thus computer simulations are the method of choice to explore how their properties emerge from specific molecular features and how the interplay among the numerous molecules gives rise to function over spatial and time scales larger than the molecular ones. In this review, we focus on this broad theme. We discuss the current state-of-the-art of biomembrane simulations that, until now, have largely focused on a rather narrow picture of the complexity of the membranes. Given this, we also discuss the challenges that we should unravel in the foreseeable future. Numerous features such as the actin-cytoskeleton network, the glycocalyx network, and nonequilibrium transport under ATP-driven conditions have so far received very little attention; however, the potential of simulations to solve them would be exceptionally high. A major milestone for this research would be that one day we could say that computer simulations genuinely research biological membranes, not just lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giray Enkavi
- Department
of Physics, University of
Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Javanainen
- Department
of Physics, University of
Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy
of Sciences, Flemingovo naḿesti 542/2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
- Computational
Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Waldemar Kulig
- Department
of Physics, University of
Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Department
of Physics, University of
Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Computational
Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department
of Physics, University of
Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Computational
Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
- MEMPHYS-Center
for Biomembrane Physics
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63
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Complex macrocycle exploration: parallel, heuristic, and constraint-based conformer generation using ForceGen. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2019; 33:531-558. [PMID: 31054028 PMCID: PMC6554267 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-019-00203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
ForceGen is a template-free, non-stochastic approach for 2D to 3D structure generation and conformational elaboration for small molecules, including both non-macrocycles and macrocycles. For conformational search of non-macrocycles, ForceGen is both faster and more accurate than the best of all tested methods on a very large, independently curated benchmark of 2859 PDB ligands. In this study, the primary results are on macrocycles, including results for 431 unique examples from four separate benchmarks. These include complex peptide and peptide-like cases that can form networks of internal hydrogen bonds. By making use of new physical movements (“flips” of near-linear sub-cycles and explicit formation of hydrogen bonds), ForceGen exhibited statistically significantly better performance for overall RMS deviation from experimental coordinates than all other approaches. The algorithmic approach offers natural parallelization across multiple computing-cores. On a modest multi-core workstation, for all but the most complex macrocycles, median wall-clock times were generally under a minute in fast search mode and under 2 min using thorough search. On the most complex cases (roughly cyclic decapeptides and larger) explicit exploration of likely hydrogen bonding networks yielded marked improvements, but with calculation times increasing to several minutes and in some cases to roughly an hour for fast search. In complex cases, utilization of NMR data to constrain conformational search produces accurate conformational ensembles representative of solution state macrocycle behavior. On macrocycles of typical complexity (up to 21 rotatable macrocyclic and exocyclic bonds), design-focused macrocycle optimization can be practically supported by computational chemistry at interactive time-scales, with conformational ensemble accuracy equaling what is seen with non-macrocyclic ligands. For more complex macrocycles, inclusion of sparse biophysical data is a helpful adjunct to computation.
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64
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Toward the elucidation of the mechanism for passive membrane permeability of cyclic peptides. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:637-639. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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65
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Shkurti A, Styliari ID, Balasubramanian V, Bethune I, Pedebos C, Jha S, Laughton CA. CoCo-MD: A Simple and Effective Method for the Enhanced Sampling of Conformational Space. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:2587-2596. [PMID: 30620585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CoCo ("complementary coordinates") is a method for ensemble enrichment based on principal component analysis (PCA) that was developed originally for the investigation of NMR data. Here we investigate the potential of the CoCo method, in combination with molecular dynamics simulations (CoCo-MD), to be used more generally for the enhanced sampling of conformational space. Using the alanine penta-peptide as a model system, we find that an iterative workflow, interleaving short multiple-walker MD simulations with long-range jumps through conformational space informed by CoCo analysis, can increase the rate of sampling of conformational space up to 10 times for the same computational effort (total number of MD timesteps). Combined with the reservoir-REMD method, free energies can be readily calculated. An alternative, approximate but fast and practically useful, alternative approach to unbiasing CoCo-MD generated data is also described. Applied to cyclosporine A, we can achieve far greater conformational sampling than has been reported previously, using a fraction of the computational resource. Simulations of the maltose binding protein, begun from the "open" state, effectively sample the "closed" conformation associated with ligand binding. The PCA-based approach means that optimal collective variables to enhance sampling need not be defined in advance by the user but are identified automatically and are adaptive, responding to the characteristics of the developing ensemble. In addition, the approach does not require any adaptations to the associated MD code and is compatible with any conventional MD package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardita Shkurti
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Ioanna Danai Styliari
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Vivek Balasubramanian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rutgers University , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Iain Bethune
- EPCC , The University of Edinburgh , James Clerk Maxwell Building, Peter Guthrie Tait Road , Edinburgh EH9 3FD , U.K
| | - Conrado Pedebos
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K.,CAPES Foundation , Ministry of Education of Brazil , Brasília 70040 , Brazil
| | - Shantenu Jha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rutgers University , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Charles A Laughton
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
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66
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Vinogradov AA, Yin Y, Suga H. Macrocyclic Peptides as Drug Candidates: Recent Progress and Remaining Challenges. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4167-4181. [PMID: 30768253 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peptides as a therapeutic modality attract much attention due to their synthetic accessibility, high degree of specific binding, and the ability to target protein surfaces traditionally considered "undruggable". Unfortunately, at the same time, other pharmacological properties of a generic peptide, such as metabolic stability and cell permeability, are quite poor, which limits the success of de novo discovered biologically active peptides as drug candidates. Here, we review how macrocyclization as well as the incorporation of nonproteogenic amino acids and various conjugation strategies may be utilized to improve on these characteristics to create better drug candidates. We analyze recent progress and remaining challenges in improving individual pharmacological properties of bioactive peptides, and offer our opinion on interfacing these, often conflicting, considerations, to create balanced drug candidates as a potential way to make further progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Vinogradov
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Yizhen Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
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67
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Translating unusual computational methods to drug discovery: taking advantage of work in other fields. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:157-160. [PMID: 30762434 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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68
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Caron G, Kihlberg J, Ermondi G. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding: An opportunity for improved design in medicinal chemistry. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1707-1729. [PMID: 30659634 DOI: 10.1002/med.21562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent literature shows that intramolecular hydrogen bond (IMHB) formation can positively impact upon the triad of permeability, solubility, and potency of drugs and candidates. IMHB modulation can be applied to compounds in any chemical space as a means for discovering drug candidates with both acceptable potency and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion-Tox profiles. Integrating IMHB formation in design of drugs is, therefore, an exciting and timely challenge for modern medicinal chemistry. In this review, we first provide some background about IMHBs from the medicinal chemist's point of view and highlight some IMHB-associated misconceptions. Second, we propose a classification of IMHBs for drug discovery purposes, review the most common in silico tactics to include IMHBs in lead optimization and list some experimental physicochemical descriptors, which quantify the propensity of compounds to form IMHBs. By focusing on the compounds size and the number of IMHBs that can potentially be formed, we also outline the major difficulties encountered when designing compounds based on the inclusion of IMHBs. Finally, we discuss recent case studies illustrating the application of IMHB to optimize cell permeability and physicochemical properties of small molecules, cyclic peptides and macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Caron
- Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Department, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Jan Kihlberg
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Ermondi
- Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Department, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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69
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Witek J, Wang S, Schroeder B, Lingwood R, Dounas A, Roth HJ, Fouché M, Blatter M, Lemke O, Keller B, Riniker S. Rationalization of the Membrane Permeability Differences in a Series of Analogue Cyclic Decapeptides. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 59:294-308. [PMID: 30457855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cyclization and selected backbone N-methylations are found to be often necessary but not sufficient conditions for peptidic drugs to have a good bioavailability. Thus, the design of cyclic peptides with good passive membrane permeability and good solubility remains a challenge. The backbone scaffold of a recently published series of cyclic decapeptides with six selected backbone N-methylations was designed to favor the adoption of a closed conformation with β-turns and four transannular hydrogen bonds. Although this conformation was indeed adopted by the peptides as determined by NMR measurements, substantial differences in the membrane permeability were observed. In this work, we aim to rationalize the impact of discrete side chain modifications on membrane permeability for six of these cyclic decapeptides. The thermodynamic and kinetic properties were investigated using molecular dynamics simulations and Markov state modeling in water and chloroform. The study highlights the influence that side-chain modifications can have on the backbone conformation. Peptides with a d-proline in the β-turns were more likely to adopt, even in water, the closed conformation with transannular hydrogen bonds, which facilitates transition through the membrane. The population of the closed conformation in water was found to correlate positively with PAMPA log Pe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagna Witek
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Shuzhe Wang
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Schroeder
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Robin Lingwood
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Andreas Dounas
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Hans-Jörg Roth
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Marianne Fouché
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Markus Blatter
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Oliver Lemke
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Bettina Keller
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Sereina Riniker
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
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70
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Naylor MR, Ly AM, Handford MJ, Ramos DP, Pye CR, Furukawa A, Klein VG, Noland RP, Edmondson Q, Turmon AC, Hewitt WM, Schwochert J, Townsend CE, Kelly CN, Blanco MJ, Lokey RS. Lipophilic Permeability Efficiency Reconciles the Opposing Roles of Lipophilicity in Membrane Permeability and Aqueous Solubility. J Med Chem 2018; 61:11169-11182. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Naylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Andrew M. Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Mason J. Handford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Daniel P. Ramos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Cameron R. Pye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Akihiro Furukawa
- Modality Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Company, Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shingawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Victoria G. Klein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Ryan P. Noland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Quinn Edmondson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Alexandra C. Turmon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - William M. Hewitt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Joshua Schwochert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Chad E. Townsend
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Colin N. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Maria-Jesus Blanco
- Sage Therapeutics, 215 First Street, Suite 220, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - R. Scott Lokey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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71
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Donati L, Heida M, Keller BG, Weber M. Estimation of the infinitesimal generator by square-root approximation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:425201. [PMID: 30192232 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aadfc8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, for the analysis of molecular processes, the estimation of time-scales and transition rates has become fundamental. Estimating the transition rates between molecular conformations is-from a mathematical point of view-an invariant subspace projection problem. We present a method to project the infinitesimal generator acting on function space to a low-dimensional rate matrix. This projection can be performed in two steps. First, we discretize the conformational space in a Voronoi tessellation, then the transition rates between adjacent cells is approximated by the geometric average of the Boltzmann weights of the Voronoi cells. This method demonstrates that there is a direct relation between the potential energy surface of molecular structures and the transition rates of conformational changes. We will show also that this approximation is correct and converges to the generator of the Smoluchowski equation in the limit of infinitely small Voronoi cells. We present results for a two dimensional diffusion process and alanine dipeptide as a high-dimensional system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Donati
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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72
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Donati L, Keller BG. Girsanov reweighting for metadynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:072335. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5027728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Donati
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina G. Keller
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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73
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Kamenik AS, Lessel U, Fuchs JE, Fox T, Liedl KR. Peptidic Macrocycles - Conformational Sampling and Thermodynamic Characterization. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:982-992. [PMID: 29652495 PMCID: PMC5974701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Macrocycles are of considerable interest as highly specific drug candidates, yet they challenge standard conformer generators with their large number of rotatable bonds and conformational restrictions. Here, we present a molecular dynamics-based routine that bypasses current limitations in conformational sampling and extensively profiles the free energy landscape of peptidic macrocycles in solution. We perform accelerated molecular dynamics simulations to capture a diverse conformational ensemble. By applying an energetic cutoff, followed by geometric clustering, we demonstrate the striking robustness and efficiency of the approach in identifying highly populated conformational states of cyclic peptides. The resulting structural and thermodynamic information is benchmarked against interproton distances from NMR experiments and conformational states identified by X-ray crystallography. Using three different model systems of varying size and flexibility, we show that the method reliably reproduces experimentally determined structural ensembles and is capable of identifying key conformational states that include the bioactive conformation. Thus, the described approach is a robust method to generate conformations of peptidic macrocycles and holds promise for structure-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Kamenik
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Uta Lessel
- Medicinal Chemistry , Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG , 88397 Biberach , Germany
| | - Julian E Fuchs
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG , 1120 Vienna , Austria
| | - Thomas Fox
- Medicinal Chemistry , Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG , 88397 Biberach , Germany
| | - Klaus R Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
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74
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Rossi Sebastiano M, Doak BC, Backlund M, Poongavanam V, Over B, Ermondi G, Caron G, Matsson P, Kihlberg J. Impact of Dynamically Exposed Polarity on Permeability and Solubility of Chameleonic Drugs Beyond the Rule of 5. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4189-4202. [PMID: 29608068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Conformational flexibility has been proposed to significantly affect drug properties outside rule-of-5 (Ro5) chemical space. Here, we investigated the influence of dynamically exposed polarity on cell permeability and aqueous solubility for a structurally diverse set of drugs and clinical candidates far beyond the Ro5, all of which populated multiple distinct conformations as revealed by X-ray crystallography. Efflux-inhibited (passive) Caco-2 cell permeability correlated strongly with the compounds' minimum solvent-accessible 3D polar surface areas (PSA), whereas aqueous solubility depended less on the specific 3D conformation. Inspection of the crystal structures highlighted flexibly linked aromatic side chains and dynamically forming intramolecular hydrogen bonds as particularly effective in providing "chameleonic" properties that allow compounds to display both high cell permeability and aqueous solubility. These structural features, in combination with permeability predictions based on the correlation to solvent-accessible 3D PSA, should inspire drug design in the challenging chemical space far beyond the Ro5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bradley C Doak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, MIPS , Monash University , 381 Royal Parade , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia
| | - Maria Backlund
- Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform (UDOPP), a Node at the Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BMC , Uppsala University , Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala , Sweden
| | | | - Björn Over
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg , SE-431 83 Mölndal , Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Ermondi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences , University of Torino , Quarello 15 , 10135 Torino , Italy
| | - Giulia Caron
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences , University of Torino , Quarello 15 , 10135 Torino , Italy
| | - Pär Matsson
- Department of Pharmacy, BMC , Uppsala University , Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Jan Kihlberg
- Department of Chemistry - BMC , Uppsala University , Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala , Sweden
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75
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Wang CK, Swedberg JE, Harvey PJ, Kaas Q, Craik DJ. Conformational Flexibility Is a Determinant of Permeability for Cyclosporin. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:2261-2276. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Conan K. Wang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Joakim E. Swedberg
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Peta J. Harvey
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Quentin Kaas
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David J. Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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76
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77
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Nguyen QNN, Schwochert J, Tantillo DJ, Lokey RS. Using 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts to determine cyclic peptide conformations: a combined molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:14003-14012. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01616j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Conformational analysis from NMR and density-functional prediction of low-energy ensembles (CANDLE), a new approach for determining solution structures.
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78
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Witek J, Mühlbauer M, Keller BG, Blatter M, Meissner A, Wagner T, Riniker S. Interconversion Rates between Conformational States as Rationale for the Membrane Permeability of Cyclosporines. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:3309-3314. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jagna Witek
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Max Mühlbauer
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Bettina G. Keller
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Markus Blatter
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Pharma AG; Novartis Campus 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Axel Meissner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Pharma AG; Novartis Campus 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Trixie Wagner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Pharma AG; Novartis Campus 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Sereina Riniker
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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79
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Witek J, Keller BG, Blatter M, Meissner A, Wagner T, Riniker S. Correction to Kinetic Models of Cyclosporin A in Polar and Apolar Environments Reveal Multiple Congruent Conformational States. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:2393. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jagna Witek
- Laboratory of Physical
Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bettina G. Keller
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Blatter
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Axel Meissner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Trixie Wagner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sereina Riniker
- Laboratory of Physical
Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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80
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Cyclic peptide natural products chart the frontier of oral bioavailability in the pursuit of undruggable targets. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 38:141-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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81
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Caron G, Vallaro M, Ermondi G. High throughput methods to measure the propensity of compounds to form intramolecular hydrogen bonding. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1143-1151. [PMID: 30108824 PMCID: PMC6071820 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00101k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Implementation of IMHB considerations in drug discovery needs robust and validated descriptors to experimentally verify the propensity of compounds to exhibit IMHBs. The first part of the paper presents an overview of the most common techniques to measure the propensity of compounds to form IMHBs. Then we review and discuss recently proposed high throughput (HT) physicochemical descriptors (i.e. Δlog Poct-tol, EPSA and log k'80 PLRP-S) which provide the same information. Analysis of the available data enabled us to extract guidelines for the application of these descriptors in drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Caron
- Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Dept. , University of Torino , Quarello, 15 , 10135 Torino , Italy . ; Tel: +39 011 6708337
| | - Maura Vallaro
- Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Dept. , University of Torino , Quarello, 15 , 10135 Torino , Italy . ; Tel: +39 011 6708337
| | - Giuseppe Ermondi
- Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Dept. , University of Torino , Quarello, 15 , 10135 Torino , Italy . ; Tel: +39 011 6708337
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82
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Macrocycles as protein-protein interaction inhibitors. Biochem J 2017; 474:1109-1125. [PMID: 28298556 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic compounds such as cyclic peptides have emerged as a new and exciting class of drug candidates for inhibition of intracellular protein-protein interactions, which are challenging targets for conventional drug modalities (i.e. small molecules and proteins). Over the past decade, several complementary technologies have been developed to synthesize macrocycle libraries and screen them for binding to therapeutically relevant targets. Two different approaches have also been explored to increase the membrane permeability of cyclic peptides. In this review, we discuss these methods and their applications in the discovery of macrocyclic compounds against protein-protein interactions.
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83
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Why we need to implement intramolecular hydrogen-bonding considerations in drug discovery. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:1-5. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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84
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Lemke O, Keller BG. Density-based cluster algorithms for the identification of core sets. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:164104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4965440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Lemke
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina G. Keller
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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85
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Predicting bioactive conformations and binding modes of macrocycles. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2016; 30:841-849. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-016-9973-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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