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Sethio D, Oliveira V, Kraka E. Quantitative Assessment of Tetrel Bonding Utilizing Vibrational Spectroscopy. Molecules 2018; 23:E2763. [PMID: 30366391 PMCID: PMC6278569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A set of 35 representative neutral and charged tetrel complexes was investigated with the objective of finding the factors that influence the strength of tetrel bonding involving single bonded C, Si, and Ge donors and double bonded C or Si donors. For the first time, we introduced an intrinsic bond strength measure for tetrel bonding, derived from calculated vibrational spectroscopy data obtained at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory and used this measure to rationalize and order the tetrel bonds. Our study revealed that the strength of tetrel bonds is affected by several factors, such as the magnitude of the σ-hole in the tetrel atom, the negative electrostatic potential at the lone pair of the tetrel-acceptor, the positive charge at the peripheral hydrogen of the tetrel-donor, the exchange-repulsion between the lone pair orbitals of the peripheral atoms of the tetrel-donor and the heteroatom of the tetrel-acceptor, and the stabilization brought about by electron delocalization. Thus, focusing on just one or two of these factors, in particular, the σ-hole description can only lead to an incomplete picture. Tetrel bonding covers a range of -1.4 to -26 kcal/mol, which can be strengthened by substituting the peripheral ligands with electron-withdrawing substituents and by positively charged tetrel-donors or negatively charged tetrel-acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sethio
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, TX 75275-0314, USA.
| | - Vytor Oliveira
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, TX 75275-0314, USA.
| | - Elfi Kraka
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, TX 75275-0314, USA.
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Freindorf M, Tao Y, Sethio D, Cremer D, Kraka E. New mechanistic insights into the Claisen rearrangement of chorismate – a Unified Reaction Valley Approach study. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1530464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Freindorf
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yunwen Tao
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daniel Sethio
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dieter Cremer
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elfi Kraka
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
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53
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Setiawan D, Sethio D, Cremer D, Kraka E. From strong to weak NF bonds: on the design of a new class of fluorinating agents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:23913-23927. [PMID: 30206587 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03843k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A set of 50 molecules with NF bonds was investigated to determine the factors that influence the strength of a NF bond, with the aim of designing a new class of fluorinating agents. The intrinsic bond strength of the NF bonds was used as bond strength measure, derived from local stretching NF force constants obtained at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ and ωB97XD/aug-cc-pVTZ levels of theory. The investigation showed that the NF bond is a tunable covalent bond, with bond strength orders ranging from 2.5 (very strong) to 0.1 (very weak). NF bond strengthening is caused by a combination of different factors and can be achieved by e.g. ionization. Whereas, the NF bond weakening can be achieved by hypervalency on the N atom, using a N→Ch (Ch: O, S, Se) donor-acceptor type bond with different electron-withdrawing groups. These new insights into the nature of the NF bond were used to propose and design a new class of fluorinating agents. Hypervalent amine-chalcogenides turned out as most promising candidates for efficient electrophilic fluorinating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani Setiawan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Tao Y, Tian C, Verma N, Zou W, Wang C, Cremer D, Kraka E. Recovering Intrinsic Fragmental Vibrations Using the Generalized Subsystem Vibrational Analysis. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:2558-2569. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunwen Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Chuan Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Niraj Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Wenli Zou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Dieter Cremer
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Elfi Kraka
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
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55
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Tao Y, Zou W, Cremer D, Kraka E. Correlating the vibrational spectra of structurally related molecules: A spectroscopic measure of similarity. J Comput Chem 2017; 39:293-306. [PMID: 29143968 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Using catastrophe theory and the concept of a mutation path, an algorithm is developed that leads to the direct correlation of the normal vibrational modes of two structurally related molecules. The mutation path is defined by weighted incremental changes in mass and geometry of the molecules in question, which are successively applied to mutate a molecule into a structurally related molecule and thus continuously converting their normal vibrational spectra from one into the other. Correlation diagrams are generated that accurately relate the normal vibrational modes to each other by utilizing mode-mode overlap criteria and resolving allowed and avoided crossings of vibrational eigenstates. The limitations of normal mode correlation, however, foster the correlation of local vibrational modes, which offer a novel vibrational measure of similarity. It will be shown how this will open new avenues for chemical studies. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwen Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas, 75275-0314
| | - Wenli Zou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Dieter Cremer
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas, 75275-0314
| | - Elfi Kraka
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas, 75275-0314
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Bakó I, Lábas A, Hermansson K, Bencsura Á, Oláh J. How can we detect hydrogen bond local cooperativity in liquid water: A simulation study. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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57
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Tao Y, Zou W, Cremer D, Kraka E. Characterizing Chemical Similarity with Vibrational Spectroscopy: New Insights into the Substituent Effects in Monosubstituted Benzenes. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8086-8096. [PMID: 28960072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach is presented to assess chemical similarity based the local vibrational mode analysis developed by Konkoli and Cremer. The local mode frequency shifts are introduced as similarity descriptors that are sensitive to any electronic structure change. In this work, 59 different monosubstituted benzenes are compared. For a subset of 43 compounds, for which experimental data was available, the ortho-/para- and meta-directing effect in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions could be correctly reproduced, proving the robustness of the new similarity index. For the remaining 16 compounds, the directing effect was predicted. The new approach is broadly applicable to all compounds for which either experimental or calculated vibrational frequency information is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwen Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University , 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Wenli Zou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Dieter Cremer
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University , 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Elfi Kraka
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University , 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
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59
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Oliveira V, Cremer D, Kraka E. The Many Facets of Chalcogen Bonding: Described by Vibrational Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:6845-6862. [PMID: 28782954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b06479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A diverse set of 100 chalcogen-bonded complexes comprising neutral, cationic, anionic, divalent, and double bonded chalcogens has been investigated using ωB97X-D/aug-cc-pVTZ to determine geometries, binding energies, electron and energy density distributions, difference density distributions, vibrational frequencies, local stretching force constants, and associated bond strength orders. The accuracy of ωB97X-D was accessed by CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ calculations of a subset of 12 complexes and by the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ //ωB97X-D binding energies of 95 complexes. Most of the weak chalcogen bonds can be rationalized on the basis of electrostatic contributions, but as the bond becomes stronger, covalent contributions can assume a primary role in the strength and geometry of the complexes. Covalency in chalcogen bonds involves the charge transfer from a lone pair orbital of a Lewis base into the σ* orbital of a divalent chalcogen or a π* orbital of a double bonded chalcogen. We describe for the first time a symmetric chalcogen-bonded homodimer stabilized by a charge transfer from a lone pair orbital into a π* orbital. New polymeric materials based on chalcogen bonds should take advantage of the extra stabilization granted by multiple chalcogen bonds, as is shown for 1,2,5-telluradiazole dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytor Oliveira
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University , 3215 Daniel Ave, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Dieter Cremer
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University , 3215 Daniel Ave, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Elfi Kraka
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University , 3215 Daniel Ave, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
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Zhang L, Li W, Fang T, Li S. Accurate Relative Energies and Binding Energies of Large Ice–Liquid Water Clusters and Periodic Structures. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4030-4038. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b03376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry
of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry
of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tao Fang
- Institute of Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry
of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Institute of Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry
of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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