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Cheng W, Yang Z, Wang S, Li Y, Wei H, Tian X, Kan Q. Recent development of CDK inhibitors: An overview of CDK/inhibitor co-crystal structures. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 164:615-639. [PMID: 30639897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are protein-serine/threonine kinases that display crucial effects in regulation of cell cycle and transcription. While the excessive expression of CDKs is intimate related to the development of diseases including cancers, which provides opportunities for disease treatment. A large number of small molecules are explored targeting CDKs. CDK/inhibitor co-crystal structures play an important role during the exploration of inhibitors. So far nine kinds of CDK/inhibitor co-crystals have been determined, they account for the highest proportion among the Protein Data Bank (PDB) deposited crystal structures. Herein, we review main co-crystals of CDKs in complex with corresponding inhibitors reported in recent years, focusing our attention on the binding models and the pharmacological activities of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhiheng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Suhua Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Han Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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Tadesse S, Caldon EC, Tilley W, Wang S. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy: An Update. J Med Chem 2018; 62:4233-4251. [PMID: 30543440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) drives the progression of cells into the S- and M-phases of the cell cycle. CDK2 activity is largely dispensable for normal development, but it is critically associated with tumor growth in multiple cancer types. Although the role of CDK2 in tumorigenesis has been controversial, emerging evidence proposes that selective CDK2 inhibition may provide a therapeutic benefit against certain tumors, and it continues to appeal as a strategy to exploit in anticancer drug development. Several small-molecule CDK2 inhibitors have progressed to the clinical trials. However, a CDK2-selective inhibitor is yet to be discovered. Here, we discuss the latest understandings of the role of CDK2 in normal and cancer cells, review the core pharmacophores used to target CDK2, and outline strategies for the rational design of CDK2 inhibitors. We attempt to provide an outlook on how CDK2-selective inhibitors may open new avenues for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Tadesse
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development , University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute , Adelaide , SA 5000 , Australia
| | - Elizabeth C Caldon
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre , Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Darlinghurst , NSW 2010 , Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine , UNSW Sydney , Darlinghurst , NSW 2010 , Australia
| | - Wayne Tilley
- Adelaide Medical School , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , SA 5000 , Australia
| | - Shudong Wang
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development , University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute , Adelaide , SA 5000 , Australia
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Zhang G, Ren Y. Molecular Modeling and Design Studies of Purine Derivatives as Novel CDK2 Inhibitors. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112924. [PMID: 30423939 PMCID: PMC6278423 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is a potential target for treating cancer. Purine heterocycles have attracted particular attention as the scaffolds for the development of CDK2 inhibitors. To explore the interaction mechanism and the structure–activity relationship (SAR) and to design novel candidate compounds as potential CDK2 inhibitors, a systematic molecular modeling study was conducted on 35 purine derivatives as CDK2 inhibitors by combining three-dimensional quantitative SAR (3D-QSAR), virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The predictive CoMFA model (q2 = 0.743, rpred2 = 0.991), the CoMSIA model (q2 = 0.808, rpred2 = 0.990), and the Topomer CoMFA model (q2 = 0.779, rpred2 = 0.962) were obtained. Contour maps revealed that the electrostatic, hydrophobic, hydrogen bond donor and steric fields played key roles in the QSAR models. Thirty-one novel candidate compounds with suitable predicted activity (predicted pIC50 > 8) were designed by using the results of virtual screening. Molecular docking indicated that residues Asp86, Glu81, Leu83, Lys89, Lys33, and Gln131 formed hydrogen bonds with the ligand, which affected activity of the ligand. Based on the QSAR model prediction and molecular docking, two candidate compounds, I13 and I60 (predicted pIC50 > 8, docking score > 10), with the most potential research value were further screened out. MD simulations of the corresponding complexes of these two candidate compounds further verified their stability. This study provided valuable information for the development of new potential CDK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaomin Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Yujie Ren
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
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Jorda R, Hendrychová D, Voller J, Řezníčková E, Gucký T, Kryštof V. How Selective Are Pharmacological Inhibitors of Cell-Cycle-Regulating Cyclin-Dependent Kinases? J Med Chem 2018; 61:9105-9120. [PMID: 30234987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are an important and emerging class of drug targets for which many small-molecule inhibitors have been developed. However, there is often insufficient data available on the selectivity of CDK inhibitors (CDKi) to attribute the effects on the presumed target CDK to these inhibitors. Here, we highlight discrepancies between the kinase selectivity of CDKi and the phenotype exhibited; we evaluated 31 CDKi (claimed to target CDK1-4) for activity toward CDKs 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9 and for effects on the cell cycle. Our results suggest that most CDKi should be reclassified as pan-selective and should not be used as a tool. In addition, some compounds did not even inhibit CDKs as their primary cellular targets; for example, NU6140 showed potent inhibition of Aurora kinases. We also established an online database of commercially available CDKi for critical evaluation of their utility as molecular probes. Our results should help researchers select the most relevant chemical tools for their specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Jorda
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research , Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR , Šlechtitelů 27 , 78371 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Hendrychová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research , Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR , Šlechtitelů 27 , 78371 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Voller
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research , Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR , Šlechtitelů 27 , 78371 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Eva Řezníčková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research , Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR , Šlechtitelů 27 , 78371 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Gucký
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research , Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR , Šlechtitelů 27 , 78371 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research , Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR , Šlechtitelů 27 , 78371 Olomouc , Czech Republic
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Ghorab MM, Ragab FA, Heiba HI, Elsayed MS, Ghorab WM. Design, synthesis and molecular modeling study of certain 4-Methylbenzenesulfonamides with CDK2 inhibitory activity as anticancer and radio-sensitizing agents. Bioorg Chem 2018; 80:276-287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Chohan TA, Qayyum A, Rehman K, Tariq M, Akash MSH. An insight into the emerging role of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of advanced cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1326-1341. [PMID: 30257348 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer denotes a pathological manifestation that is characterized by hyperproliferation of cells. It has anticipated that a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and the role of cell-cycle regulators may provide an opportunity to develop an effective cancer therapeutic agents. Specifically, the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) which regulate the transition of cell-cycle through different phases; have been identified as fundamental targets for therapeutic advances. It is an evident from experimental studies that several events leading to tumor growth occur by exacerbation of CDK4/CDK6 in G1-phase of cell division cycle. Additionally, the characteristics of S- and G2/M-phase regulated by CDK1/CDK2 are pivotal events that may lead to abrupt the cell division. Although, previously reported CDK inhibitors have shown remarkable results in pre-clinical studies, but have not yielded appreciable clinical results yet. Therefore, the development of clinically potent CDK inhibitors has remained to be a challenging task. However, continuous efforts has led to the development of some novel CDKs inhibitors that have emerged as a potent strategy for the treatment of advanced cancers. In this article, we have summarized the role of CDKs in cell-cycle regulation and tumorigenesis and recent advances in the development of CDKs inhibitors as a promising therapy for the treatment of advanced cancer. In addition, we have also performed a comparison of crystallographic studies to get valuable insight into the interaction mode differences of inhibitors, binding to CDK isoforms with apparently similar binding sites. The knowledge of ligand-specific recognition towards a particular CDK isoform may be applied as a key tool in future for the designing of isoform-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ali Chohan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Qayyum
- Department of Paediatrics Medicine, Sabzazar Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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57
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Khan NS, Khan P, Ansari MF, Srivastava S, Hasan GM, Husain M, Hassan MI. Thienopyrimidine-Chalcone Hybrid Molecules Inhibit Fas-Activated Serine/Threonine Kinase: An Approach To Ameliorate Antiproliferation in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4173-4189. [PMID: 30040903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic evasion by cancerous cells being one of the striking hallmarks of cancer has turned into a new arena of drug discovery. A large number of pathways reported that govern the apoptotic evasion have been reported. Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase (FASTK) is a member of Ser/Thr kinase family, and it has been implicated in the apoptotic evasion and, hence, the development of cancer. Keeping this in view, a series of novel thienopyrimidine-based chalcones have been synthesized and evaluated to modulate the FASTK mediated apoptotic evasion. Initial screening was done by enzyme inhibition assay and binding studies, which showed that out of 15 synthesized compounds, 3 thienopyrimidine-based chalcone derivatives possess considerably high binding affinity and enzyme inhibitory potential (nM range) for FASTK. Cell proliferation assessment of selected compounds was performed on HEK-293 and MCF-7 cells. For MCF-7 cells, compounds 2, 10, and 12 show IC50 values of 20.22 ± 1.50, 6.52 ± 0.82, and 8.20 ± 0.61 μM, respectively. Annexin-V and PI staining suggested that these molecules induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, arrest the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, and subsequently inhibit cell migration presumably by inhibiting FASTK and reactive oxygen species production. In conclusion, we have successfully designed, synthesized, and characterized thienopyrimidine-based chalcones that inhibit FASTK and induce apoptosis. These compounds may be exploited as potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine , Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University , Al-Kharj 11942 , Saudi Arabia
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58
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Guo S, Zhen Y, Guo M, Zhang L, Zhou G. Design, synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of novel sulfanilamide-1,2,3-triazole derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Invest New Drugs 2018; 36:1147-1157. [PMID: 30019099 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule as an important target in the cancer therapy was used to design novel tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Sulfanilamide-1,2,3-triazole hybrids were designed by a molecular hybridization strategy and their antiproliferative activity against three selected cancer cell lines (BGC-823, MGC-803 and SGC-7901) were evaluated. All sulfanilamide-1,2,3-triazole hybrids displayed potent inhibitory activity against all cell lines. In particular, compound 10b showed the most excellent inhibitory effect against MGC-803 cells, with an IC50 value of 0.4 μM. Cellular mechanism studies elucidated that 10b induced apoptosis by decreasing the expression level of Bcl-2 and Parp and increasing the expression level of BAX. 10b inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process by up-regulating E-cadherin and down-regulating N-cadherin. Furthermore, the tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity in vitro of 10b was 2.4 μM. In vivo anticancer assay, 10b effectively inhibited MGC-803 xenograft tumor growth without causing significant loss of body weight. These sulfanilamide-1,2,3-triazole hybrids as potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors might be used as promising candidates for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shewei Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Yingwei Zhen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mengguo Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Longzhou Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Guosheng Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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59
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Abstract
Inhibition of CDKs is an attractive approach to cancer therapy due to their vital role in cell growth and transcription. Pan-CDK inhibitors have shown some clinical benefit, and trials are ongoing. Selective CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors have been licensed for the treatment of hormone responsive, RB-positive breast cancer in combination with antihormonal agents. Selective inhibitors of CDKs 5, 7, 8, 9 and 12 have been identified across a range of chemotypes.
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60
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Jing L, Tang Y, Xiao Z. Discovery of novel CDK inhibitors via scaffold hopping from CAN508. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1386-1391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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61
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Tian C, Han Z, Li Y, Wang M, Yang J, Wang X, Zhang Z, Liu J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,6-disubstituted-9H-purine, 2,4-disubstitued-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine and -7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine analogues as novel CHK1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:836-848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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62
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Ajani H, Jansa J, Köprülüoğlu C, Hobza P, Kryštof V, Lyčka A, Lepsik M. Imidazo[1,2-c
]pyrimidin-5(6H
)-one as a novel core of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitors: Synthesis, activity measurement, docking, and quantum mechanical scoring. J Mol Recognit 2018; 31:e2720. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haresh Ajani
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague 6 Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry; Palacký University; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Josef Jansa
- Research Institute for Organic Syntheses (VUOS); Pardubice-Rybitví Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Palacký University; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Cemal Köprülüoğlu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague 6 Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry; Palacký University; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hobza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague 6 Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry; Palacký University; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science; Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Lyčka
- Research Institute for Organic Syntheses (VUOS); Pardubice-Rybitví Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science; University of Hradec Králové; Hradec Králové Czech Republic
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63
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Selective inhibition reveals cyclin-dependent kinase 2 as another kinase that phosphorylates the androgen receptor at serine 81. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:354-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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64
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Patel P, Tsiperson V, Gottesman SRS, Somma J, Blain SW. Dual Inhibition of CDK4 and CDK2 via Targeting p27 Tyrosine Phosphorylation Induces a Potent and Durable Response in Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:361-377. [PMID: 29330290 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6)-specific inhibitors, such as palbociclib, have shown clinical efficacy, but primary or secondary resistance has emerged as a problem. To develop more effective therapeutic approaches, investigation is needed into the mechanisms of resistance or adaption. Here, it is demonstrated that CDK2 compensates for loss of CDK4 activity to rescue palbociclib-arrested breast cancer cells, suggesting that inhibition of both kinases is required to achieve durable response. In addition, a novel strategy is described to inhibit tyrosine phosphorylation of p27Kip1 (CDKN1B) and simultaneously inhibit both CDK2 and CDK4. p27Kip1 is a required assembly factor for cyclin-CDK4 complexes, but it must be phosphorylated on residue Y88 to open or activate the complex. The Brk-SH3 peptide, ALT, blocks p27 Y88 phosphorylation, inhibiting CDK4. Nonphosphorylated p27 is no longer a target for ubiquitin-mediated degradation and this stabilized p27 now also inhibits CDK2 activity. Thus, ALT induction inhibits both the kinase that drives proliferation (CDK4) and the kinase that mediates resistance (CDK2), causing a potent and long-lasting cell-cycle arrest. ALT arrests growth of all breast cancer subgroups and synergizes with palbociclib to increase cellular senescence and to cause tumor regression in breast cancer xenograft models. The use of ALT demonstrates that both CDK4 and CDK2 need to be inhibited if long-term efficacy is to be achieved and represents a novel modality to inhibit breast cancer cells.Implications: Modulating tyrosine phosphorylation of p27 impacts both proliferative (CDK4) and resistance (CDK2) mechanisms in breast cancer and suggests that phospho-p27 status may serve as a biomarker for patients that are responsive to CDK4/6 inhibition. Mol Cancer Res; 16(3); 361-77. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyank Patel
- School of Graduate Studies, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Vladislav Tsiperson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | | | - Jonathan Somma
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Stacy W Blain
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York.
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65
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Martin MP, Endicott JA, Noble MEM. Structure-based discovery of cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitors. Essays Biochem 2017; 61:439-452. [PMID: 29118092 PMCID: PMC6248306 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The cell fate-determining roles played by members of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) family explain why their dysregulation can promote proliferative diseases, and identify them as potential targets for drug discovery in oncology and beyond. After many years of research, the first efficacious CDK inhibitors have now been registered for clinical use in a defined segment of breast cancer. Research is underway to identify inhibitors with appropriate CDK-inhibitory profiles to recapitulate this success in other disease settings. Here, we review the structural data that illustrate the interactions and properties that confer upon inhibitors affinity and/or selectivity toward different CDK family members. We conclude that where CDK inhibitors display selectivity, that selectivity derives from exploiting active site sequence peculiarities and/or from the capacity of the target CDK(s) to access conformations compatible with optimizing inhibitor-target interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew P Martin
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Jane A Endicott
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Martin E M Noble
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K.
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66
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Jismy B, Guillaumet G, Allouchi H, Akssira M, Abarbri M. Concise and Efficient Access to 5,7-Disubstituted Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines by Pd-Catalyzed Sequential Arylation, Alkynylation and SNArReaction. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Badr Jismy
- Département de Chimie; Université François Rabelais; Laboratoire d'Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR 1282); équipe Recherche et Innovation en Chimie Médicinale; Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et de Chimie Bioorganique; Département de Chimie Université Hassan II de Casablanca; URAC 22; 28800 Mohammedia Maroc
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); Université d'Orléans; UMR CNRS 7311; BP 6759, rue de Chartres 45067 Orléans Cedex2 France
| | - Hassan Allouchi
- Département de Chimie; Université François Rabelais; Laboratoire d'Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR 1282); équipe Recherche et Innovation en Chimie Médicinale; Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours France
| | - Mohamed Akssira
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et de Chimie Bioorganique; Département de Chimie Université Hassan II de Casablanca; URAC 22; 28800 Mohammedia Maroc
| | - Mohamed Abarbri
- Département de Chimie; Université François Rabelais; Laboratoire d'Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR 1282); équipe Recherche et Innovation en Chimie Médicinale; Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours France
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67
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Keretsu S, Balasubramanian PK, Bhujbal SP, Cho SJ. Receptor-guided 3D-Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship and Docking Studies of 6-Substituted 2-Arylaminopurines as CDK2 Kinase Inhibitors. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seketoulie Keretsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Chosun University; Gwangju 501-759 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Swapnil Pandurang Bhujbal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Chosun University; Gwangju 501-759 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joo Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine; Chosun University; Gwangju 501-759 Republic of Korea
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine; Chosun University; Gwangju 501-759 Republic of Korea
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Design and Antiproliferative Evaluation of Novel Sulfanilamide Derivatives as Potential Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091470. [PMID: 28872607 PMCID: PMC6151726 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of sulfanilamide-1,2,3-triazole hybrids were designed by a molecular hybridization strategy and evaluated for antiproliferative activity against three selected cancer cell lines (MGC-803, MCF-7 and PC-3). The detailed structure-activity relationships for these sulfanilamide-1,2,3-triazole hybrids were investigated. All these sulfanilamide-1,2,3-triazole hybrids exhibited moderate to potent activity against all cell lines. In particular 4-methyl-N-((1-(3-phenoxybenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)benzenesulfonamide (11f) showed the most potent inhibitory effect against PC-3 cells, with an IC50 value of 4.08 μM. Furthermore, the tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity in vitro of compound 11f was 2.41 μM. These sulfanilamide hybrids might serve as bioactive fragments for developing more potent antiproliferative agents.
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Park SJ, Kim E, Yoo M, Lee JY, Park CH, Hwang JY, Ha JD. Synthesis and biological evaluation of N9-cis-cyclobutylpurine derivatives for use as cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4399-4404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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