51
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Zhou HJ, Yang GW, Zhang YY, Xu ZK, Wu GP. Bioinspired Block Copolymer for Mineralized Nanoporous Membrane. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11471-11480. [PMID: 30380839 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Homoporous membranes fabricated by self-assembled block copolymers (BCPs) have gained growing attention for their easy availability of well-ordered nanostructures for precise separation. However, it remains a challenges to improve the mechanical integrity, hydrophilic properties, and pore functionalities of the existing systems. To this end, we report an organic-mineral composite hybrid nanoporous BCP membrane with attractive superhydrophilicity, mechanical stability, and fouling-resistance derived from a bioinspired block copolymer, poly(propylene carbonate)- block-poly(4-vinylcatechol acetonide) (PPC- b-PVCA). The key advances include the following. (1) The PPC minor block is qualified as sacrificial domain because of its alkali sensitivity for generating monodisperse nanopores. (2) The PVCA matrix block contains the catechol groups, which enables the formation of inorganic layer via a biomineralization process, thus producing an organic-mineral composite nanoporous BCP membrane with attractive superhydrophilicity, mechanical stability, and fouling resistance. A ∼200 nm thickness BCP film with monodisperse through-pores of 12 nm diameter cylinders oriented perpendicularly to a supporting microfiltration membrane is fabricated by sequential blade-casting, solvent annealing, hydrolysis sacrificial block, and biomineralization process. The mechanical stability, high water flow (114 L m-2 h-1 bar-1), size fractionation of nanoparticles, as well as protein antiadsorption performance make the strategy provided here hold the promise of affording an advance platform for filtration, catalysis, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jun Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Yao-Yao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Zhi-Kang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
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52
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Qu T, Guan S, Zhang C, Zheng X, Zhao Y, Chen A. Liquid crystalline moiety-assisted perpendicular orientation of cylindrical domains within P4VP-b-PMA(Az) films with high aspect ratio. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:7107-7112. [PMID: 30175354 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01259h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer (BCP) films with perpendicularly aligned cylindrical domains of high aspect ratio have important applications in diverse fields. However, an aspect ratio of the cylinders as high as 200 has rarely been reported so far. Here we demonstrate an efficient route to the formation of normally aligned P4VP cylinders with high aspect ratio surrounded by a matrix of azobenzene-containing block (PMA(Az)) via hierarchical self-assembly. A crisscross structure, consisting of parallelly aligned liquid crystalline (LC) layers and normally aligned self-assembly domains, is expected to assist the formation of well-defined nanostructures. The LC layers in the cylindrical films self-assemble to form smectic phase after solvent annealing, as confirmed by WAXD and UV-vis spectra. We found that the aspect ratio of the vertical P4VP cylinders is up to 200 and the film thickness reaches 6 μm. P4VP is a functional polymer, making this P4VP-b-PMA(Az) film more suitable for advanced filters, multi-nanochannels, nanolithography, and high-density storage media, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
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53
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Kayser F, Fleury G, Thongkham S, Navarro C, Martin-Vaca B, Bourissou D. Microphase Separation of Polybutyrolactone-Based Block Copolymers with Sub-20 nm Domains. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franck Kayser
- Université de Toulouse,
UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
- UMR5069, CNRS, LHFA, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), CNRS UMR 5629, IPB-ENSCBP, Université de Bordeaux, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, Cedex F-33607 Pessac, France
| | - Somprasong Thongkham
- Université de Toulouse,
UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
- UMR5069, CNRS, LHFA, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Navarro
- ARKEMA, Groupement de Recherches
de Lacq, RN 117, BP 34, Cedex F-64170 Lacq, France
| | - Blanca Martin-Vaca
- Université de Toulouse,
UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
- UMR5069, CNRS, LHFA, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Université de Toulouse,
UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
- UMR5069, CNRS, LHFA, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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54
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Li Y, Zhang YY, Hu LF, Zhang XH, Du BY, Xu JT. Carbon dioxide-based copolymers with various architectures. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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55
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Zhang X, He Q, Chen Q, Nealey PF, Ji S. Directed Self-Assembly of High χ Poly(styrene- b-(lactic acid- alt-glycolic acid)) Block Copolymers on Chemical Patterns via Thermal Annealing. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:751-756. [PMID: 35632959 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated the synthesis and directed self-assembly (DSA) of poly(styrene-b-(lactic acid-alt-glycolic acid)) (PS-b-PLGA). Lamellae-forming PS-b-PLGAs with a range of molecular weights were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of LGA (d,l-3-methyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione) from hydroxy-terminated polystyrene (PS-OH) with stannous octoate as the catalyst and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, GPC, DSC, TGA, SAXS, and rheometry. The order-disorder transition temperatures (TODT) of four PS-b-PLGA block copolymers were determined by temperature sweep measurements and verified by variable-temperature SAXS, which were used to determine the temperature dependence of χ. The χ value of PS-b-PLGA is twice as large as that of poly(styrene-b-racemic lactide) (PS-b-PDLLA) at 150 °C, while the surface energies (γ) of PS and PLGA are nearly equal. Thin films of PS-b-PLGA were successfully directed to assemble on stripe chemical patterns with a range of pattern periods (LS) upon thermal annealing. SEM analysis of the assembled films revealed that long-range ordered perpendicularly oriented lamellae were registered on chemical patterns with 2× density multiplication. These results qualify PS-b-PLGA as an attractive candidate for next-generation lithography with sub-10 nm resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosa Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingbin He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Shengxiang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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56
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Chen X, Zhou C, Chen SJ, Craig GSW, Rincon-Delgadillo P, Dazai T, Miyagi K, Maehashi T, Yamazaki A, Gronheid R, Stoykovich MP, Nealey PF. Ionic Liquids as Additives to Polystyrene- Block-Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Enabling Directed Self-Assembly of Patterns with Sub-10 nm Features. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:16747-16759. [PMID: 29667409 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene- block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS- b-PMMA) is one of the prototypical block copolymers in directed self-assembly (DSA) research and development, with standardized protocols in place for processing on industrially relevant 300 mm wafers. Scaling of DSA patterns to pitches below 20 nm using PS- b-PMMA, however, is hindered by the relatively low Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, χ. Here, we investigate the approach of adding small amounts of ionic liquids (ILs) into PS- b-PMMA, which selectively segregates into the PMMA domain and effectively increases the χ parameter and thus the pattern resolution. The amount of IL additive is small enough to result in limited changes in PS- b-PMMA's surface and interfacial properties, thus maintaining industry-friendly processing by thermal annealing with a free surface. Three different ILs are studied comparatively regarding their compositional process window, capability of increasing χ, and thermal stability. By adding ∼3.1 vol % of the champion IL into a low-molecular-weight PS- b-PMMA ( Mn = 10.3k- b-9.5k), we demonstrated DSA on chemically patterned substrates of lamellar structures with feature sizes <8.5 nm. Compatibility of the PS- b-PMMMA/IL blends with the standardized processes that have been previously developed suggests that such blend materials could provide a drop-in solution for sub-10 nm lithography with the processing advantages of PS- b-PMMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Chen
- Institute for Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , 5640 S Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
- IMEC , Kapeldreef 75 , Leuven B-3001 , Belgium
| | - Chun Zhou
- Institute for Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , 5640 S Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Shuang-Jun Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Technology , 5 Xin Mo Fan Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210009 , China
| | - Gordon S W Craig
- Institute for Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , 5640 S Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | | | - Takahiro Dazai
- Tokyo Ohka Kogyo , 1590 Tabata , Samukawa-Machi, Koza-Gun , Kanagawa 253-0114 , Japan
| | - Ken Miyagi
- Tokyo Ohka Kogyo , 1590 Tabata , Samukawa-Machi, Koza-Gun , Kanagawa 253-0114 , Japan
| | - Takaya Maehashi
- Tokyo Ohka Kogyo , 1590 Tabata , Samukawa-Machi, Koza-Gun , Kanagawa 253-0114 , Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Yamazaki
- Tokyo Ohka Kogyo , 1590 Tabata , Samukawa-Machi, Koza-Gun , Kanagawa 253-0114 , Japan
| | | | - Mark P Stoykovich
- Institute for Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , 5640 S Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Paul F Nealey
- Institute for Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , 5640 S Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
- Material Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
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57
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Zhang YY, Yang GW, Wu GP. A Bifunctional β-Diiminate Zinc Catalyst with CO2/Epoxides Copolymerization and RAFT Polymerization Capacities for Versatile Block Copolymers Construction. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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58
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Mizuno Y, Nakano K. Block Copolymers of Aliphatic Polycarbonates: Combination of Immortal Epoxide/Carbon-dioxide Copolymerization and Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Mizuno
- Department of Organic and Polymer Materials Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Koji Nakano
- Department of Organic and Polymer Materials Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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59
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Choi J, Li Y, Kim PY, Liu F, Kim H, Yu DM, Huh J, Carter KR, Russell TP. Orthogonally Aligned Block Copolymer Line Patterns on Minimal Topographic Patterns. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:8324-8332. [PMID: 29443490 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the generation of block copolymer (BCP) line patterns oriented orthogonal to a very small (minimal) topographic trench pattern over arbitrarily large areas using solvent-vapor annealing. Increasing the thickness of BCP films induced an orthogonal alignment of the BCP cylindrical microdomains, where full orthogonal alignment of the cylindrical microdomains with respect to the trench direction was obtained at a film thickness corresponding to 1.70 L0. A capillary flow of the solvent across the trenches was a critical factor in the alignment of the cylindrical microdomains. Grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering was used to determine the orientation function of the microdomains, with a value of 0.997 being found reflecting a nearly perfect orientation. This approach to produce orthogonally aligned BCP line patterns could be extended to the nanomanufacturing and fabrication of hierarchical nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Yinyong Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Paul Y Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Feng Liu
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Duk Man Yu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - June Huh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Korea University , 145 Anam-ro , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kenneth R Carter
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Chaoyang District North Third Ring Road 15 , Beijing 100029 , China
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60
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Ye Y, Peng H, Zhou X, Xie X, Wang X, Wang F. A One-Step Route to CO2
-Based Block Copolymers by Simultaneous ROCOP of CO2
/Epoxides and RAFT Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Yunsheng Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Fosong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
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61
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Ye Y, Peng H, Zhou X, Xie X, Wang X, Wang F. A One-Step Route to CO 2 -Based Block Copolymers by Simultaneous ROCOP of CO 2 /Epoxides and RAFT Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3593-3597. [PMID: 29392807 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The one-step synthesis of well-defined CO2 -based diblock copolymers was achieved by simultaneous ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of CO2 /epoxides and RAFT polymerization of vinyl monomers using a trithiocarbonate compound bearing a carboxylic group (TTC-COOH) as the bifunctional chain transfer agent (CTA). The double chain-transfer effect allows for independent and precise control over the molecular weight of the two blocks and ensures narrow polydispersities of the resultant block copolymers (1.09-1.14). Notably, an unusual axial group exchange reaction between the aluminum porphyrin catalyst and TTC-COOH impedes the formation of homopolycarbonates. By taking advantage of the RAFT technique, it is able to meet the stringent demand for functionality control to well expand the application scopes of CO2 -based polycarbonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yunsheng Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Fosong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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62
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Yang GW, Zhang YY, Wang Y, Wu GP, Xu ZK, Darensbourg DJ. Construction of Autonomic Self-Healing CO2-Based Polycarbonates via One-Pot Tandem Synthetic Strategy. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE
Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Adsorption
and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yao-Yao Zhang
- MOE
Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Adsorption
and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE
Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Adsorption
and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhi-Kang Xu
- MOE
Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Adsorption
and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Donald J. Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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63
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Zhang YY, Yang GW, Wang Y, Lu XY, Wu GP, Zhang ZS, Wang K, Zhang RY, Nealey PF, Darensbourg DJ, Xu ZK. Synthesis of CO2-Based Block Copolymers via Chain Transfer Polymerization Using Macroinitiators: Activity, Blocking Efficiency, and Nanostructure. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Xin-Yu Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ze-Sheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kai Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ruo-Yu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Materials
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Donald J. Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Zhi-Kang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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64
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Woo S, Jo S, Ryu DY, Choi SH, Choe Y, Khan A, Huh J, Bang J. Molecular Tailoring of Poly(styrene- b-methyl methacrylate) Block Copolymer Toward Perpendicularly Oriented Nanodomains with Sub-10 nm Features. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:1386-1391. [PMID: 35650801 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel approach for fabricating vertically orientated, sub-10 nm, block copolymer (BCP) nanodomains on a substrate via molecular tailoring of poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) BCP, one of the most widely used BCPs for nanopatterning. The idea is to incorporate a short middle block of self-attracting poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) between the PS and PMMA blocks, where the PMAA middle block promotes phase separation between PS and PMMA, while maintaining the domain orientation perpendicular to the substrate. The designed PS-b-PMAA-b-PMMA triblock copolymers, which were synthesized via well-controlled anionic polymerization, exhibited order-disorder transition temperatures higher than that of pristine PS-b-PMMA BCPs, indicating the promotion of phase separation by the middle PMAA block. For PS-b-PMAA-b-PMMA BCPs with total molecular weights of 21 and 18 kg/mol, the domain spacing corresponds to 19.3 and 16.7 nm, respectively, allowing us to fabricate sub-10 nm nanodomain structures. More importantly, it was demonstrated that the PMAA middle block, which has a higher surface energy than PS and PMMA, does not significantly alter lateral concentration fluctuations, which are responsible for phase-separation in the lateral direction. This enabled the vertical orientation of microdomains with sub-10 nm feature size on a PS-r-PMMA neutral surface without an additional neutral top layer. We anticipate that this approach provides an important platform for next-generation lithography and nanopatterning applications that require sub-10 nm features over large areas with simple process and reduced cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Woo
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjun Jo
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyung Choi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngson Choe
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Kumjeong-ku, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Anzar Khan
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - June Huh
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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65
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Sunday DF, Maher MJ, Hannon AF, Liman CD, Tein S, Blachut G, Asano Y, Ellison CJ, Willson CG, Kline RJ. Characterizing the Interface Scaling of High χ Block Copolymers near the Order-Disorder Transition. Macromolecules 2017; 51:173-180. [PMID: 29706666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in the directed self-assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) have prompted the development of new materials with larger effective interaction parameters (χe). This enables BCP systems with phase separation at increasingly small degrees of polymerization (N). Very often these systems reside near the order-disorder transition and fit between the weak and strong segregation limits where the behavior of BCP systems is not as thoroughly understood. Utilizing resonant soft X-ray reflectivity (RSoXR) enables both the BCP pitch (L0) and interface width (wM) to be determined simultaneously, through a direct characterization of the composition profile of BCP lamellae oriented parallel to a substrate. A series of high χe BCPs with χe ranging from ≈0.04 to 0.25 and χeN from 19 to 70 have been investigated. The L0/wm ratio serves as an important metric for the feasibility of a material for nanopatterning applications; the results of the RSoXR measurement are used to establish a relationship between χe and L0/wm. The results of this analysis are correlated with experimentally established limits for the functionality of BCPs in nanopatterning applications. These results also provide guidance for the magnitude of χe needed to achieve small interface width for samples with sub-10 nm L0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Sunday
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-1070, United States
| | - Michael J Maher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Adam F Hannon
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-1070, United States
| | - Christopher D Liman
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-1070, United States
| | - Summer Tein
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Gregory Blachut
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yusuke Asano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Christopher J Ellison
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - C Grant Willson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - R Joseph Kline
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-1070, United States
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66
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Legrain A, Fleury G, Mumtaz M, Navarro C, Arias-Zapata J, Chevalier X, Cayrefourcq I, Zelsmann M. Straightforward Integration Flow of a Silicon-Containing Block Copolymer for Line-Space Patterning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:43043-43050. [PMID: 29182294 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A promising alternative for the next-generation lithography is based on the directed self-assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) used as a bottom-up tool for the definition of nanometric features. Herein, a straightforward integration flow for line-space patterning is reported for a silicon BCP system, that is, poly(1,1-dimethylsilacyclobutane)-b-poly(styrene) (PDMSB-b-PS), able to define sub 15 nm features. Both in-plane cylindrical (L0 = 20.7 nm) and out-of-plane lamellar structures (L0 = 23.2 nm) formed through a rapid thermal annealing-10 min at 180 °C-were successfully integrated using graphoepitaxy to provide a long-range ordering of the BCP structure without the use of underlayers or top coats. Subsequent deep transfer into the silicon substrate using the hardened oxidized PDMSB domains as a mask is demonstrated. Combining a rapid self-assembly behavior, straightforward integration, and an excellent etching contrast, PDMSB-b-PS may become a material of choice for the next-generation lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Legrain
- Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microélectronique-Université Grenoble Alpes/CNRS, LTM-CEA-LETI-MINATEC Campus , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, CNRS-ENSCPB-Université de Bordeaux-UMR 5629 , F-33607 Pessac, France
| | - Muhammad Mumtaz
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, CNRS-ENSCPB-Université de Bordeaux-UMR 5629 , F-33607 Pessac, France
| | - Christophe Navarro
- ARKEMA France-Groupement de recherches de Lacq-RN 117 , BP34-64170 Lacq, France
| | - Javier Arias-Zapata
- Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microélectronique-Université Grenoble Alpes/CNRS, LTM-CEA-LETI-MINATEC Campus , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Xavier Chevalier
- ARKEMA France-Groupement de recherches de Lacq-RN 117 , BP34-64170 Lacq, France
| | - Ian Cayrefourcq
- ARKEMA France-Groupement de recherches de Lacq-RN 117 , BP34-64170 Lacq, France
| | - Marc Zelsmann
- Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microélectronique-Université Grenoble Alpes/CNRS, LTM-CEA-LETI-MINATEC Campus , F-38000 Grenoble, France
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67
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Isaacoff BP, Brown KA. Progress in Top-Down Control of Bottom-Up Assembly. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:6508-6510. [PMID: 29053922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Isaacoff
- Applied Physics Program and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Keith A Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Physics Department, and Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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68
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Li Y, Duan HY, Luo M, Zhang YY, Zhang XH, Darensbourg DJ. Mechanistic Study of Regio-Defects in the Copolymerization of Propylene Oxide/Carbonyl Sulfide Catalyzed by (Salen)CrX Complexes. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Han-Yi Duan
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ming Luo
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Donald J. Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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69
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Lane AP, Yang X, Maher MJ, Blachut G, Asano Y, Someya Y, Mallavarapu A, Sirard SM, Ellison CJ, Willson CG. Directed Self-Assembly and Pattern Transfer of Five Nanometer Block Copolymer Lamellae. ACS NANO 2017; 11:7656-7665. [PMID: 28700207 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The directed self-assembly (DSA) and pattern transfer of poly(5-vinyl-1,3-benzodioxole-block-pentamethyldisilylstyrene) (PVBD-b-PDSS) is reported. Lamellae-forming PVBD-b-PDSS can form well resolved 5 nm (half-pitch) features in thin films with high etch selectivity. Reactive ion etching was used to selectively remove the PVBD block, and fingerprint patterns were subsequently transferred into an underlying chromium hard mask and carbon layer. DSA of the block copolymer (BCP) features resulted from orienting PVBD-b-PDSS on guidelines patterned by nanoimprint lithography. A density multiplication factor of 4× was achieved through a hybrid chemo-/grapho-epitaxy process. Cross-sectional scanning tunneling electron microscopy/electron energy loss spectroscopy (STEM/EELS) was used to analyze the BCP profile in the DSA samples. Wetting layers of parallel orientation were observed to form unless the bottom and top surface were neutralized with a surface treatment and top coat, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - XiaoMin Yang
- Media Research Center, Seagate Technology , 47488 Kato Road, Fremont, California 94538, United States
| | | | - Gregory Blachut
- Lam Research Corporation , 4400 Cushing Parkway, Fremont, California 94538, United States
| | | | | | | | - Stephen M Sirard
- Lam Research Corporation , 4400 Cushing Parkway, Fremont, California 94538, United States
| | - Christopher J Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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70
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Pang Y, Wan L, Huang G, Zhang X, Jin X, Xu P, Liu Y, Han M, Wu GP, Ji S. Controlling Block Copolymer–Substrate Interactions by Homopolymer Brushes/Mats. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Pang
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wan
- HGST, A Western
Digital Company, 5601 Great Oaks Parkway, San Jose, California 95119, United States
| | - Guangcheng Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosa Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosa Jin
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xu
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yadong Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Miaomiao Han
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shengxiang Ji
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
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71
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Jin HM, Park DY, Jeong SJ, Lee GY, Kim JY, Mun JH, Cha SK, Lim J, Kim JS, Kim KH, Lee KJ, Kim SO. Flash Light Millisecond Self-Assembly of High χ Block Copolymers for Wafer-Scale Sub-10 nm Nanopatterning. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1700595. [PMID: 28635174 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
One of the fundamental challenges encountered in successful incorporation of directed self-assembly in sub-10 nm scale practical nanolithography is the process compatibility of block copolymers with a high Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χ). Herein, reliable, fab-compatible, and ultrafast directed self-assembly of high-χ block copolymers is achieved with intense flash light. The instantaneous heating/quenching process over an extremely high temperature (over 600 °C) by flash light irradiation enables large grain growth of sub-10 nm scale self-assembled nanopatterns without thermal degradation or dewetting in a millisecond time scale. A rapid self-assembly mechanism for a highly ordered morphology is identified based on the kinetics and thermodynamics of the block copolymers with strong segregation. Furthermore, this novel self-assembly mechanism is combined with graphoepitaxy to demonstrate the feasibility of ultrafast directed self-assembly of sub-10 nm nanopatterns over a large area. A chemically modified graphene film is used as a flexible and conformal light-absorbing layer. Subsequently, transparent and mechanically flexible nanolithography with a millisecond photothermal process is achieved leading the way for roll-to-roll processability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Min Jin
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yong Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Jeong
- Device Laboratory, Device & System Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute and Technology, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Yong Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Mun
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Keun Cha
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonwon Lim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Jae Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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73
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Darensbourg DJ. Switchable catalytic processes involving the copolymerization of epoxides and carbon dioxide for the preparation of block polymers. Inorg Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qi00013h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of block polymersviaa one-pot process with segments prepared by different or the same mechanistic pathways.
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