51
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Kumru B, Antonietti M. Colloidal properties of the metal-free semiconductor graphitic carbon nitride. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 283:102229. [PMID: 32795670 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The metal-free, polymeric semiconductor graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) family is an emerging class of materials and has striking advantages compared to other semiconductors, i.e. ease of tunability, low cost and synthesis from abundant precursors in a chemical environment. Efforts have been done to improve the properties of g-CN, such as photocatalytic efficiency, designing novel composites, processability and scalability towards discovering novel applications as a remedy for the problems that we are facing today. Despite the fact that the main efforts to improve g-CN come from a catalysis perspective, many fundamental possibilities arise from the special colloidal properties of carbon nitride particles, from synthesis to applications. This review will display how typical colloid chemistry tools can be employed to make 'better g-CNs' and how up to now overseen properties can be levered by integrating a colloid and interface perspective into materials chemistry. Establishing a knowledge on the origins of colloidal behavior of g-CN will be the core of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Kumru
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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52
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Xiong B, Li Y, Wei Y, Kramer S, Lian Z. Dual Nickel-/Palladium-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling Reactions between Two Phenol Derivatives. Org Lett 2020; 22:6334-6338. [PMID: 32806164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cross-coupling between substrates that can be easily derived from phenols is highly attractive due to the abundance of phenols. Here, we report a dual nickel-/palladium-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling between aryl tosylates and aryl triflates; both substrates can be accessed in just one step from readily available phenols. The reaction has a broad functional group tolerance and substrate scope (>60 examples). Furthermore, it displays low sensitivity to steric effects demonstrated by the synthesis of a 2,2'-disubstituted biaryl and a fully substituted aryl product. The widespread presence of phenols in natural products and pharmaceuticals allows for straightforward late-stage functionalization, illustrated with examples such as ezetimibe and tyrosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Søren Kramer
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Zhong Lian
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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53
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Gisbertz S, Reischauer S, Pieber B. Overcoming limitations in dual photoredox/nickel-catalysed C–N cross-couplings due to catalyst deactivation. Nat Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-0473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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54
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Qin Y, Martindale BCM, Sun R, Rieth AJ, Nocera DG. Solar-driven tandem photoredox nickel-catalysed cross-coupling using modified carbon nitride. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7456-7461. [PMID: 34123028 PMCID: PMC8159281 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02131h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel-catalysed aryl amination and etherification are driven with sunlight using a surface-modified carbon nitride to extend the absorption of the photocatalyst into a wide range of the visible region. In contrast to traditional homogeneous photochemical methodologies, the lower cost and higher recyclability of the metal-free photocatalyst, along with the use of readily available sunlight, provides an efficient and sustainable approach to promote nickel-catalysed cross-couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhong Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - Benjamin C M Martindale
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - Adam J Rieth
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - Daniel G Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
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55
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Zu W, Day C, Wei L, Jia X, Xu L. Dual aminoquinolate diarylboron and nickel catalysed metallaphotoredox platform for carbon-oxygen bond construction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8273-8276. [PMID: 32568331 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03230a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein, aminoquinolate diarylboron complexes are utilized as photocatalysts in dual Ni/photoredox catalyzed carbon-oxygen construction reactions. Via this unified metallaphotoredox platform, diverse (hetero)aryl halides can be conveniently coupled with acids, alcohols and water. This method features operational simplicity, broad substrate scope and good compatibility with functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisai Zu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
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56
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Malik JA, Madani A, Pieber B, Seeberger PH. Evidence for Photocatalyst Involvement in Oxidative Additions of Nickel-Catalyzed Carboxylate O-Arylations. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11042-11049. [PMID: 32469219 PMCID: PMC7467672 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dual photocatalysis and nickel catalysis can effect cross-coupling under mild conditions, but little is known about the in situ kinetics of this class of reactions. We report a comprehensive kinetic examination of a model carboxylate O-arylation, comparing a state-of-the-art homogeneous photocatalyst (Ir(ppy)3) with a competitive heterogeneous photocatalyst (graphitic carbon nitride). Experimental conditions were adjusted such that the nickel catalytic cycle is saturated with excited photocatalyst. This approach was designed to remove the role of the photocatalyst, by which only the intrinsic behaviors of the nickel catalytic cycles are observed. The two reactions did not display identical kinetics. Ir(ppy)3 deactivates the nickel catalytic cycle and creates more dehalogenated side product. Kinetic data for the reaction using Ir(ppy)3 supports a turnover-limiting reductive elimination. Graphitic carbon nitride gave higher selectivity, even at high photocatalyst-to-nickel ratios. The heterogeneous reaction also showed a rate dependence on aryl halide, indicating that oxidative addition plays a role in rate determination. The results argue against the current mechanistic hypothesis, which states that the photocatalyst is only involved to trigger reductive elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal A Malik
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Amiera Madani
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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57
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Sun R, Qin Y, Nocera DG. General Paradigm in Photoredox Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Allows for Light‐Free Access to Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Yangzhong Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Daniel G. Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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58
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Sun R, Qin Y, Nocera DG. General Paradigm in Photoredox Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Allows for Light‐Free Access to Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9527-9533. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Yangzhong Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Daniel G. Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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59
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gisbertz
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
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60
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Khamrai J, Ghosh I, Savateev A, Antonietti M, König B. Photo-Ni-Dual-Catalytic C(sp2)–C(sp3) Cross-Coupling Reactions with Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Heterogeneous Organic Semiconductor Photocatalyst. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Khamrai
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Indrajit Ghosh
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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61
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Ni B, Zhang B, Han J, Peng B, Shan Y, Niu T. Heterogeneous Carbon Nitrides Photocatalysis Multicomponent Hydrosulfonylation of Alkynes To Access β-Keto Sulfones with the Insertion of Sulfur Dioxide in Aerobic Aqueous Medium. Org Lett 2020; 22:670-674. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bangqing Ni
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Jine Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Bohan Peng
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Yuling Shan
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Niu
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
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62
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Wang J, Ni B, Niu T, Ji F. C 3N 4-Photocatalyzed aerobic oxidative cleavage of CC bonds in alkynes with diazonium salts leading to two different aldehydes or esters in one pot. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01773f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C3N4-Photocatalyzed oxidative cleavage of CC bonds in alkynes with diazonium salts to obtain two different aldehydes or esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
| | - Bangqing Ni
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Niu
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
| | - Fei Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
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63
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Rosso C, Gisbertz S, Williams JD, Gemoets HPL, Debrouwer W, Pieber B, Kappe CO. An oscillatory plug flow photoreactor facilitates semi-heterogeneous dual nickel/carbon nitride photocatalytic C–N couplings. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00036a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dual nickel/photocatalytic C–N couplings are performed with an organic heterogeneous photocatalyst, in an oscillatory plug flow reactor. Reaction was complete in 20 min residence time, enabling 2.7 g h−1 throughput and 10-fold catalyst recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Rosso
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Sebastian Gisbertz
- Department of Biomolecular Systems
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - Jason D. Williams
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW)
| | | | | | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW)
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64
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Zhou J, Zhou P, Zhao T, Ren Q, Li J. (Thio)etherification of Quinoxalinones under Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Quanlei Ren
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
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65
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Savateev A, Antonietti M. Ionic Carbon Nitrides in Solar Hydrogen Production and Organic Synthesis: Exciting Chemistry and Economic Advantages. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam-Golm Science Park Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm Postdam 14476 Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Potsdam-Golm Science Park Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm Postdam 14476 Germany
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66
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Markushyna Y, Smith CA, Savateev A. Organic Photocatalysis: Carbon Nitride Semiconductors vs. Molecular Catalysts. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yevheniia Markushyna
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max‐Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Christene A. Smith
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max‐Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max‐Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm 14476 Potsdam Germany
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67
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Cavedon C, Seeberger PH, Pieber B. Photochemical Strategies for Carbon–Heteroatom Bond Formation. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Cavedon
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
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