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Fluorescent carbon dots functionalization. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 270:165-190. [PMID: 31265929 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), as a new type of luminescent zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterial, have been applied in a variety of fields. Currently, functionalization of CDs is an extremely useful method for effectively tuning their intrinsic structure and surface state. Heteroatom doping and surface modification are two functionalization strategies for improving the photophysical performance and broadening the range of applications for fluorescent CDs. Heteroatom doping in CDs can be used to tune their intrinsic properties, which has received significant research interests because of its simplicity. Surface modification can be applied for varying active sites and the functional groups on the CDs surface, which can endow fluorescent CDs with the unique properties resulting from functional ligand. In this review, we summarize the structural and physicochemical properties of functional CDs. We focused our review on the latest developments in functionalization strategies for CDs and discuss the detailed characteristics of different functionalization methods. Ultimately, we hope to inform researchers on the latest progress in functionalization of CDs and provide perspectives on future developments for functionalization of CDs and their potential applications.
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A ratiometric electrochemiluminescent tetracycline assay based on the combined use of carbon nanodots, Ru(bpy)32+, and magnetic solid phase microextraction. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:512. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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53
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Wang Q, Yang H, Zhang Q, Ge H, Zhang S, Wang Z, Ji X. Strong acid-assisted preparation of green-emissive carbon dots for fluorometric imaging of pH variation in living cells. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:468. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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54
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Jiao Y, Gao Y, Meng Y, Lu W, Liu Y, Han H, Shuang S, Li L, Dong C. One-Step Synthesis of Label-Free Ratiometric Fluorescence Carbon Dots for the Detection of Silver Ions and Glutathione and Cellular Imaging Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:16822-16829. [PMID: 30977357 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The construction of ratiometric fluorescence assay has displayed fantastic advantages in improving semi-quantitative visualization capability by presenting successive color changes. Herein, long-wavelength emission nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were developed for intrinsic ratiometric detection of silver ions (Ag+) and glutathione (GSH), accompanied by visualization fluorescence variation of orange and green. The label-free N-CDs were favorably obtained through one-step hydrothermal synthesis and displayed single long-wavelength emission at 618 nm under the excitation wavelength of 478 nm. Interestingly, a ratio rising peak emerges at 532 nm and the emission at 618 nm decreases with the introduction of Ag+, which exhibits ratiometric fluorescence emission characteristics ( I618nm/ I532nm) in the range of 0-140 μM with significant fluorescence varying from orange to green. Furthermore, the fluorescence of CDs@Ag(I) can be effectively ratiometric recovered by virtue of a specific reaction of GSH with Ag+, which is accompanied by the fluorescence of the solution returning from green to orange. In addition, the N-CDs hold excellent biocompatibility which can be implemented as the visualization biosensing platform for intracellular determination of Ag+ and GSH, demonstrating that proposed N-CDs have tremendous potential in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiao
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
| | - Yifang Gao
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
| | - Yating Meng
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
| | - Hui Han
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
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Selective and high-sensitive label-free detection of ascorbic acid by carbon nitride quantum dots with intense fluorescence from lone pair states. Talanta 2019; 196:530-536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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56
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Blue light-emitting carbon dots (CDs) from a milk protein and their interaction with Spinacia oleracea leaf cells. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-019-0271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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57
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Pal A, Ahmad K, Dutta D, Chattopadhyay A. Boron Doped Carbon Dots with Unusually High Photoluminescence Quantum Yield for Ratiometric Intracellular pH Sensing. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:1018-1027. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Pal
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati- 781039, Assam India
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati- 781039, Assam India
| | - Deepanjalee Dutta
- Centre for NanotechnologyIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati- 781039, Assam India
| | - Arun Chattopadhyay
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati- 781039, Assam India
- Centre for NanotechnologyIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati- 781039, Assam India
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58
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Zhao X, Liao S, Wang L, Liu Q, Chen X. Facile green and one-pot synthesis of purple perilla derived carbon quantum dot as a fluorescent sensor for silver ion. Talanta 2019; 201:1-8. [PMID: 31122398 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, biomass-derived carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with excellent water solubility, strong fluorescence and favorable biocompatibility were synthesized via one-step hydrothermal treatment of purple perilla for the first time. The functional group composition, morphology, and pH stability of the synthesized CQDs were systematically investigated. And based on fluorescence quenching of CQDs, the as-prepared CQDs were innovatively developed as an effective "signal-off" fluorescent probe for selective and sensitive detection of silver ion (Ag+) with two linear ranges of 0-10 and 10-3000 nM, and a detection limit 1.4 nM. The specificity and selectivity of this fluorescent probe were also verified through challenging the detection by using similarmetallic cations or in real water samples. In addition, the as-prepared CQDs exhibit a low cytotoxicity and a good biocompatibility, revealing its potential bioimaging applications in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Sen Liao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Lumin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China.
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59
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60
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Ge S, He J, Ma C, Liu J, Xi F, Dong X. One-step synthesis of boron-doped graphene quantum dots for fluorescent sensors and biosensor. Talanta 2019; 199:581-589. [PMID: 30952301 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Heteroatom doping can endow graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with various new or improved structural, optical and physicochemical properties. In contrast to the widely reported oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur doping in GQDs, simple and scalable synthesis of boron-doped GQDs (B-GQDs) with high yield and quantum yields remains challenge. In this work, B-GQDs are one-step synthesized and serve as the fluorescence probes for the fabrication of sensors towards Fe3+ ion or phosphate (Pi) as well as biosensor towards cytochrome C (Cyt C). The B-GQDs are facile synthesized using one-step bottom-up molecular fusion between 1,3,6-trinitropyrene and borax in sodium hydroxide under hydrothermal process. The synthesis can be performed using large volume autoclave (500 ml) with a high yield of 71%, indicating possibility for gram-scale production of B-GQDs. The as-prepared B-GQDs exhibit single or bilayer graphene structure, high crystallinity, uniform size, bright (absolute photoluminescence quantum yield of 16.8%) and excitation-independent green fluorescence (maximum excitation wavelength and emission wavelength of 480 nm and 520 nm, respectively). Successful doping of B atoms in the lattice of GQDs enables high selectivity towards Fe3+. Based on quenching of fluorescence of B-GQDs by Fe3+ (turn-off model), detection of Fe3+ (with limit of detection-LOD of 31.2 nM) and Fe3+-rich Cyt C (with LOD of 5.9 μg/ml) are demonstrated. As Pi can recover Fe3+-quenched fluorescence of B-GQDs (turn-off-on model), indirect fluorescent detection of Pi is also achieved with LOD of 340 nM. In addition, detection of Fe3+, Cyt C and Pi in real samples is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 5 s Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Jingbo He
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 5 s Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Chenxing Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 5 s Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Jiyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 5 s Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Fengna Xi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 5 s Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
| | - Xiaoping Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 5 s Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
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61
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Pan M, Xu Z, Jiang Q, Feng J, Sun J, Wang F, Liu X. Interfacial engineering of carbon dots with benzenediboronic acid for fluorescent biosensing. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:765-771. [PMID: 36132253 PMCID: PMC9473241 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Glucose assay is highly important in clinical diagnostics of diabetes. Herein, we engineered the surface of carbon dots by complexation with functional ligand and constructed fluorescent biosensors for the detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose. In this study, benzenediboronic acid is conjugated to the surface of citric acid-derived carbon dots through formation of boronate complexes with the nanoparticles. The oxidation of benzenediboronic acid with hydrogen peroxide effectively quenches fluorescence of carbon dots through electron transfer process. The sensing performance of the system according to different engineered surfaces of carbon dots was studied by using carbon dots derived from various precursors and different benzenediboronic acid analogues. As a simple mix-and-detect strategy, this system is facilely applied for glucose sensing as hydrogen peroxide is the product catalyzed by glucose oxidase. The benzenediboronic acid-conjugated carbon dots derived from citric acid act as excellent optical probes for sensitive analysis of glucose with detection limit of 0.4 μM. This sensing system shows great selectivity toward interferent species such as analogues of glucose, and can be used to determine glucose in human serum. Engineering the surface of carbon dots by complexation with ligand of interest provides a feasible way to facilitate the development of biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China +86-27-68756307 +86-27-68756307
| | - Zhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China +86-27-68756307 +86-27-68756307
| | - Qunying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China +86-27-68756307 +86-27-68756307
| | - Jie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China +86-27-68756307 +86-27-68756307
| | - Junlin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China +86-27-68756307 +86-27-68756307
| | - Fuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China +86-27-68756307 +86-27-68756307
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China +86-27-68756307 +86-27-68756307
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62
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Xia J, Chen S, Zou GY, Yu YL, Wang JH. Synthesis of highly stable red-emissive carbon polymer dots by modulated polymerization: from the mechanism to application in intracellular pH imaging. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:22484-22492. [PMID: 30480294 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Great efforts have been made to develop facile and efficient methods to prepare carbonaceous nanostructures with long-wavelength emission. Herein, we report a low-temperature aqueous strategy to synthesize red-emissive carbon polymer dots (R-CPDs) through the regulation of oxidative polymerization of p-phenylenediamine at 80 °C. The morphology, chemical composition and photophysical properties of the R-CPDs are characterized and analyzed in detail, thereby elucidating their photoluminescence origins from the surface state and crosslink enhanced emission effect. The resulting R-CPDs possess unique features including high pH-sensitivity within pH 4-6 and a wide-range tunable solvent-color effect (λem 528-600 nm). Moreover, the R-CPDs show high stability in physiological media with high salinity, and good resistance to photobleaching. In addition to their favorable biocompatibility, the R-CPDs are applied for monitoring the pH fluctuation in HeLa cells. This study not only provides a unique red emissive carbonaceous nanomaterial for cellular imaging and multicolor applications, but also presents a novel perspective for the construction of long-wavelength emission carbon-based nanomaterials by simple and controllable strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xia
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China.
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Peng J, Yin W, Shi J, Jin X, Ni G. Magnesium and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots as fluorescent probes for quenchometric determination of paraoxon using pralidoxime as a linker. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 186:24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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64
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Li L, Shi L, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Zhang C, Dong C, Yu HZ, Shuang S. Excitation-independent hollow orange-fluorescent carbon nanoparticles for pH sensing in aqueous solution and living cells. Talanta 2018; 196:109-116. [PMID: 30683339 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We report an ingenious strategy for fabrication of hollow orange fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (HFCNs) and demonstrate their applications for pH biosensing and fingerprint detection. HFCNs have been synthesized using 5-amino salicylic acid as carbon source via one-step hydrothermal treatment without further surface passivation or modification. The as-prepared HFCNs possess excellent hollow structure and bright orange fluorescence. The HFCNs display a remarkable emission enhancement in the orange fluorescence region when the pH is increased from 3.0 to 10.0. The pKa value of HFCNs is found to be 5.97 and a good linearity is shown in the pH range of 5.25-6.75, which makes HFCNs an effective intracellular pH imaging agent for acidic microenvironments. The confocal fluorescent microscopic images of HFCNs-stained latent fingerprint are achieved successfully, suggesting that they have great promise for practical criminal investigations as a simple, fast, and accurate tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Lihong Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Guomei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Caihong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Chuan Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Hua-Zhong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
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