51
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Eder I, Haider V, Zebrowski P, Waser M. Recent Progress in the Asymmetric Syntheses of α‐Heterofunctionalized (Masked) α‐ and β‐Amino Acid Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Eder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstr. 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Victoria Haider
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstr. 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Paul Zebrowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstr. 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstr. 69 4040 Linz Austria
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52
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Crespi S, Fagnoni M. Generation of Alkyl Radicals: From the Tyranny of Tin to the Photon Democracy. Chem Rev 2020; 120:9790-9833. [PMID: 32786419 PMCID: PMC8009483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl radicals are key intermediates in organic synthesis. Their classic generation from alkyl halides has a severe drawback due to the employment of toxic tin hydrides to the point that "flight from the tyranny of tin" in radical processes was considered for a long time an unavoidable issue. This review summarizes the main alternative approaches for the generation of unstabilized alkyl radicals, using photons as traceless promoters. The recent development in photochemical and photocatalyzed processes enabled the discovery of a plethora of new alkyl radical precursors, opening the world of radical chemistry to a broader community, thus allowing a new era of photon democracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, Center for Systems
Chemistry University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen
Lab, Department of Chemistry, V. Le Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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53
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Fujiki K, Tanaka K. Exploration of the Fluoride Reactivity of Aryltrifluoroborate on Selective Cleavage of Diphenylmethylsilyl Groups. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsumasa Fujiki
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory; Cluster for Pioneering Research; RIKEN; 2-1 Hirosawa 351-0198 Wako Saitama Japan
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory; Cluster for Pioneering Research; RIKEN; 2-1 Hirosawa 351-0198 Wako Saitama Japan
- Biofunctional Chemistry Laboratory; A. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry; Kazan Federal University; 18 Kremlyovskaya street 420008 Kazan Russia
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku 152-8552 Tokyo Japan
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54
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Zhang O, Schubert JW. Derivatization of Amino Acids and Peptides via Photoredox-Mediated Conjugate Addition. J Org Chem 2020; 85:6225-6232. [PMID: 32268730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Unnatural amino acids are key building blocks in therapeutically relevant peptides. Thus, the development of novel methods to increase the structural diversity of the unnatural amino acid pool is needed. Herein, a photoredox-mediated decarboxylative radical conjugate addition to dehydroalanine derivatives is disclosed. Mild, robust, and general conditions were identified and applied to the diastereoselective synthesis of unnatural amino acids and the late-stage derivatization of a tripeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Zhang
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Schubert
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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55
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Wang H, Liu CF, Song Z, Yuan M, Ho YA, Gutierrez O, Koh MJ. Engaging α-Fluorocarboxylic Acids Directly in Decarboxylative C–C Bond Formation. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117549
| | - Chen-Fei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117549
| | - Zhihui Song
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Mingbin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yee Ann Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117549
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Republic of Singapore, 117549
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56
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Visible‐Light‐Assisted Gold‐Catalyzed Fluoroarylation of Allenoates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5242-5247. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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57
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Tang H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Feng C. Visible‐Light‐Assisted Gold‐Catalyzed Fluoroarylation of Allenoates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Jun Tang
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Xinggui Zhang
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Feng Zhang
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Chao Feng
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
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58
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Bartoccini F, Mari M, Retini M, Galarini R, Bartolucci S, Piersanti G. Single‐Step Synthesis of Dehydroalanine Derivatives via a Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bartoccini
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
| | - Michele Mari
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
| | - Michele Retini
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
| | - Roberta Galarini
- Centro Sviluppo e Validazione MetodiIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati” Via G. Salvemini 1 06126 Perugia, PG Italy
| | - Silvia Bartolucci
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
| | - Giovanni Piersanti
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
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59
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Shah AA, Kelly MJ, Perkins JJ. Access to Unnatural α-Amino Acids via Visible-Light-Mediated Decarboxylative Conjugate Addition to Dehydroalanine. Org Lett 2020; 22:2196-2200. [PMID: 32109071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay A. Shah
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Company, Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Michael J. Kelly
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Company, Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - James J. Perkins
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Company, Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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60
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Ji P, Zhang Y, Dong Y, Huang H, Wei Y, Wang W. Synthesis of Enantioenriched α-Deuterated α-Amino Acids Enabled by an Organophotocatalytic Radical Approach. Org Lett 2020; 22:1557-1562. [PMID: 32045253 PMCID: PMC7936574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mild, versatile organophotoredox protocol has been developed for the preparation of diverse, enantioenriched α-deuterated α-amino acids. Distinct from the well-established two-electron transformations, this radical-based strategy offers the unrivaled capacity of the convergent unification of readily accessible feedstock carboxylic acids and a chiral methyleneoxazolidinone fragment and the simultaneous highly diastereo-, chemo-, and regioselective incorporation of deuterium. Furthermore, the approach has addressed the long-standing challenge of the installation of sterically demanding side chains into α-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Yueteng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Yue Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - He Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Yongyi Wei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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61
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Zilate B, Fischer C, Sparr C. Design and application of aminoacridinium organophotoredox catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1767-1775. [PMID: 31998897 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08524f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in preparative photocatalysis have reshaped synthetic strategies and now represent an integral part of current organic chemistry. Due to their favourable electrochemical and photophysical properties, the nowadays most frequently used photocatalysts are based on precious Ru- and Ir-polypyridyl complexes. Apart from that, organic catalysts such as the acridinium salts are now commonly employed to complement transition metals to provide potentially sustainable strategies amenable to large-scale synthesis. In this feature article, the design, synthesis and application of aminoacridinium photoredox catalysts as well as their exceptionally broad range of redox properties are highlighted. Due to their modularity, this burgeoning class of organophotocatalysts is anticipated to contribute significantly to synthetic methodology development and the translation to a wide range of innovative implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouthayna Zilate
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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62
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Vijay M, Kumar SV, Satheesh V, Ananthappan P, Srivastava HK, Ellairaja S, Vasantha VS, Punniyamurthy T. Stereospecific Assembly of Fused Imidazolidines via Tandem Ring Opening/Oxidative Amination of Aziridines with Cyclic Secondary Amines Using Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2019; 21:7649-7654. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Vijay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Sundaravel Vivek Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Vanaparthi Satheesh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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