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An Overview of the Recent Progress in the Synthesis and Applications of Carbon Nanotubes. C — JOURNAL OF CARBON RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/c5010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are known as nano-architectured allotropes of carbon, having graphene sheets that are wrapped forming a cylindrical shape. Rolling of graphene sheets in different ways makes CNTs either metals or narrow-band semiconductors. Over the years, researchers have devoted much attention to understanding the intriguing properties CNTs. They exhibit some unusual properties like a high degree of stiffness, a large length-to-diameter ratio, and exceptional resilience, and for this reason, they are used in a variety of applications. These properties can be manipulated by controlling the diameter, chirality, wall nature, and length of CNTs which are in turn, synthesis procedure-dependent. In this review article, various synthesis methods for the production of CNTs are thoroughly elaborated. Several characterization methods are also described in the paper. The applications of CNTs in various technologically important fields are discussed in detail. Finally, future prospects of CNTs are outlined in view of their commercial applications.
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Kapoor A, McKnight M, Chatterjee K, Agcayazi T, Kausche H, Bozkurt A, Ghosh TK. Toward Fully Manufacturable, Fiber Assembly–Based Concurrent Multimodal and Multifunctional Sensors for e‐Textiles. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2019; 4:1800281. [DOI: 10.1002/admt.201800281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kapoor
- Fiber & Polymer Science Program Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science College of Textiles North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Michael McKnight
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Kony Chatterjee
- Fiber & Polymer Science Program Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science College of Textiles North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Talha Agcayazi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Hannah Kausche
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Alper Bozkurt
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Tushar K. Ghosh
- Fiber & Polymer Science Program Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science College of Textiles North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
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53
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Liu HY, Hsieh HC, Chen JY, Shih CC, Lee WY, Chiang YC, Chen WC. Fabrication and Application of Highly Stretchable Conductive Fiber-Based Electrode of Epoxy/NBR Electrospun Fibers Spray-Coated with AgNW/PU Composites. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yao Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Chung Cheng University; Chiayi 62102 Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Shih
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ya Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; National Taipei University of Technology; Taipei 10608 Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
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Abstract
Demand for highly compliant mechanical sensors for use in the fields of robotics and wearable electronics has been constantly rising in recent times. Carbon based materials, and especially, carbon nanotubes, have been widely studied as a candidate piezoresistive sensing medium in these devices due to their favorable structural morphology. In this paper three different carbon based materials, namely carbon black, graphene nano-platelets, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, were utilized as large stretch sensors capable of measuring stretches over 250%. These stretch sensors can be used in robotic hands/arms to determine the angular position of joints. Analysis was also carried out to understand the effect of the morphologies of the carbon particles on the electromechanical response of the sensors. Sensors with gauge factors ranging from one to 1.75 for strain up to 200% were obtained. Among these sensors, the stretch sensors with carbon black/silicone composite were found to have the highest gauge factor while demonstrating acceptable hysteresis in most robotic hand applications. The highly flexible stretch sensors demonstrated in this work show high levels of compliance and conformance making them ideal candidates as sensors for soft robotics.
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Li C, Zhang D, Deng C, Wang P, Hu Y, Bin Y, Fan Z, Pan L. High performance strain sensor based on buckypaper for full-range detection of human motions. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:14966-14975. [PMID: 30047969 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance strain sensor based on buckypaper has been fabricated and studied. The sensor with an ultrahigh gauge factor of 20 216 can detect a maximum and a minimum strain range of 75% and 0.1%, respectively. During stretching, the strain sensor achieves a high stability and reproducibility of 10 000 cycles, and a fast response time of less than 87 ms. On the other hand, the sensor shows an excellent sensing performance upon pressure. The pressure range, pressure sensitivity and loading-unloading cycles are 0-1.68 MPa, 89.7 kPa-1 and 3000 cycles, respectively. A concept of the optimal value is utilized to evaluate the strain and pressure performances of the sensor. The optimal values of the sensor upon tensile strain and pressure are calculated to be 3.07 × 108 and 1.35 × 107, respectively, which are much higher than those of most strain and pressure sensors reported in the literature. Precise detection of full-range human motions, acoustic vibrations and even pulse waves at a small scale has been successfully demonstrated by the buckypaper-based sensor. Owning to its advantages including ultrahigh sensitivity, wide detection range and good stability, the buckypaper-based sensor suggests a great potential for applications in wearable sensors, electronic skins, micro/nano electromechanical systems, vibration sensing devices and other strain sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Li
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, P.R. China.
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57
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Simeonov A, Henderson T, Lan Z, Sundar G, Factor A, Zhang J, Yip M. Bundled Super-Coiled Polymer Artificial Muscles: Design, Characterization, and Modeling. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2018.2801469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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58
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Jing X, Mi HY, Lin YJ, Enriquez E, Peng XF, Turng LS. Highly Stretchable and Biocompatible Strain Sensors Based on Mussel-Inspired Super-Adhesive Self-Healing Hydrogels for Human Motion Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:20897-20909. [PMID: 29863322 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Integrating multifunctionality such as adhesiveness, stretchability, and self-healing ability on a single hydrogel has been a challenge and is a highly desired development for various applications including electronic skin, wound dressings, and wearable devices. In this study, a novel hydrogel was synthesized by incorporating polydopamine-coated talc (PDA-talc) nanoflakes into a polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel inspired by the natural mussel adhesive mechanism. Dopamine molecules were intercalated into talc and oxidized, which enhanced the dispersion of talc and preserved catechol groups in the hydrogel. The resulting dopamine-talc-PAM (DTPAM) hydrogel showed a remarkable stretchability, with over 1000% extension and a recovery rate over 99%. It also displayed strong adhesiveness to various substrates, including human skin, and the adhesion strength surpassed that of commercial double-sided tape and glue sticks, even as the hydrogel dehydrated over time. Moreover, the DTPAM hydrogel could rapidly self-heal and regain its mechanical properties without needing any external stimuli. It showed excellent biocompatibility and improved cell affinity to human fibroblasts compared to the PAM hydrogel. When used as a strain sensor, the DTPAM hydrogel showed high sensitivity, with a gauge factor of 0.693 at 1000% strain, and was capable of monitoring various human motions such as the bending of a finger, knee, or elbow and taking a deep breath. Therefore, this hydrogel displays favorable attributes and is highly suitable for use in human-friendly biological devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jing
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53715 , United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
- Department of Industrial Equipment and Control Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hao-Yang Mi
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53715 , United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
- Department of Industrial Equipment and Control Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yu-Jyun Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Eduardo Enriquez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Xiang-Fang Peng
- Department of Industrial Equipment and Control Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53715 , United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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59
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Conductive Cotton Fabrics for Motion Sensing and Heating Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10060568. [PMID: 30966602 PMCID: PMC6404225 DOI: 10.3390/polym10060568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Conductive cotton fabric was prepared by coating single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on a knitted cotton fabric surface through a “dip-and-dry” method. The combination of CNTs and cotton fabric was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The CNTs coating improved the mechanical properties of the fabric and imparted conductivity to the fabric. The electromechanical performance of the CNT-cotton fabric (CCF) was evaluated. Strain sensors made from the CCF exhibited a large workable strain range (0~100%), fast response and great stability. Furthermore, CCF-based strain sensors was used to monitor the real-time human motions, such as standing, walking, running, squatting and bending of finger and elbow. The CCF also exhibited strong electric heating effect. The flexible strain sensors and electric heaters made from CCF have potential applications in wearable electronic devices and cold weather conditions.
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60
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Jin K, Zhang S, Zhou S, Qiao J, Song Y, Di J, Zhang D, Li Q. Self-plied and twist-stable carbon nanotube yarn artificial muscles driven by organic solvent adsorption. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:8180-8186. [PMID: 29676416 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01300d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Artificial yarn/fiber muscles have recently attracted considerable interest for various applications. These muscles can provide large-stroke tensile and torsional actuations, resulting from inserted twists. However, tensional tethering of twisted muscles is generally needed to avoid muscle snarling and untwisting. In this paper a carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn muscle that is tethering-free and twist-stable is reported. The yarn muscle is prepared by allowing the self-plying of a coiled CNT yarn. When driven by acetone adsorption, this muscle shows decoupled actuations, which provide fast and reversible ∼13.3% contraction strain against a constant stress corresponding to ∼38 000 times the muscle weight but almost zero torsional strokes. The cycling test shows that the self-plied muscle has very good structural stability and actuation reversibility. Applied joule heating can help increase the desorption of acetone and increase the operation frequency of the self-plied muscle. Furthermore, by controlling the coupling between the joule heating and acetone adsorption/desorption, tensile actuations from negative to positive have been achieved. This twist-stable feature could considerably facilitate the practical applications of such muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyun Jin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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61
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Li Q, Liu C, Fan S. Programmable and functional electrothermal bimorph actuators based on large-area anisotropic carbon nanotube paper. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:175503. [PMID: 29438104 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaaf18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electro-active polymer (EAP) actuators, such as electronic, ionic and electrothermal (ET) actuators, have become an important branch of next-generation soft actuators in bionic robotics. However, most reported EAP actuators could realize only simple movements, being restricted by the small area of flexible electrodes and simple designs. We prepared large-area flexible electrodes of high anisotropy, made of oriented carbon nanotube (CNT) paper, and carried out artful graphic designs and processing on the electrodes to make functional ET bimorph actuators which can realize large bending deformations (over 220°, curvature > 1.5 cm-1) and bionic movements driven by electricity. The anisotropy of CNT paper benefits electrode designs and multiform actuations for complex actuators. Based on the large-area CNT paper, more interesting and functional actuators can be designed and prepared which will have practical applications in the fields of artificial muscles, complicated actuations, and soft and bionic robotics.
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62
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Cao Z, Wang R, He T, Xu F, Sun J. Interface-Controlled Conductive Fibers for Wearable Strain Sensors and Stretchable Conducting Wires. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:14087-14096. [PMID: 29613767 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As an important subfield of flexible electronics, conductive fibers have been an active area of research. The interfacial interaction between nanostructured conductive materials with elastic substrates plays a vital role in the electromechanical performance of conductive fibers. However, the underlying mechanism has seldom been investigated. Here, we propose a fabricating strategy for a silver nanowire (Ag NW)/polyurethane composite fiber with a sheath-core architecture. The interfacial bonding layer is regulated, and its influence on the performance of conductive fibers is investigated, based on which an interfacial interaction model is proposed. The model underlines the significance of the embedding depth of the Ag NW network. Both supersensitive (gauge factor up to 9557) and ultrastable (negligible conductance degradation below the strain of 150%) conductive fibers are obtained via interface regulating, exhibiting great potential in the applications of wearable sensors and stretchable conducting connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zherui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Ding Xi Road , Shanghai 200050 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Ranran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Ding Xi Road , Shanghai 200050 , P. R. China
| | - Tengyu He
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Ding Xi Road , Shanghai 200050 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Ding Xi Road , Shanghai 200050 , P. R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Ding Xi Road , Shanghai 200050 , P. R. China
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Kim SJ, Song W, Yi Y, Min BK, Mondal S, An KS, Choi CG. High Durability and Waterproofing rGO/SWCNT-Fabric-Based Multifunctional Sensors for Human-Motion Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:3921-3928. [PMID: 29309113 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Wearable strain-pressure sensors for detecting electrical signals generated by human activities are being widely investigated because of their diverse potential applications, from observing human motion to health monitoring. In this study, we fabricated reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) hybrid fabric-based strain-pressure sensors using a simple solution process. The structural and chemical properties of the rGO/SWCNT fabrics were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Complex networks containing rGO and SWCNTs were homogeneously formed on the cotton fabric. The sensing performance of the devices was evaluated by measuring the effects of bending strain and pressure. When the CNT content was increased, the change in relative resistance decreased, while durability was significantly improved. The rGO/SWCNT (0.04 wt %) fabric sensor showed particularly high mechanical stability and flexibility during 100 000 bending tests at the extremely small bending radius of 3.5 mm (11.6% bending strain). Moreover, the rGO/SWCNT fabric device exhibited excellent water resistant properties after 10 washing tests due to its hydrophobic nature. Finally, we demonstrated a fabric-sensor-based motion glove and confirmed its practical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Jun Kim
- Graphene Research Lab, Emerging Devices Research Group, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) , 218 Gajeongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseok Song
- Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsik Yi
- Graphene Research Lab, Emerging Devices Research Group, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) , 218 Gajeongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok Ki Min
- Graphene Research Lab, Emerging Devices Research Group, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) , 218 Gajeongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuvra Mondal
- Graphene Research Lab, Emerging Devices Research Group, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) , 218 Gajeongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
- School of ICT-Advanced Device Technology, University of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seok An
- Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gi Choi
- Graphene Research Lab, Emerging Devices Research Group, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) , 218 Gajeongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
- School of ICT-Advanced Device Technology, University of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Ruland A, Jalili R, Mozer AJ, Wallace GG. Quantitative characterisation of conductive fibers by capacitive coupling. Analyst 2018; 143:215-223. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00442g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The application of a capacitively coupled contactless conductivity sensor for the quantitative characterization of conductive fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Ruland
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES)
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- AIIM Facility
- Innovation Campus
- University of Wollongong
| | - Rouhollah Jalili
- School of Engineering
- College of Science
- Engineering & Health
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
| | - Attila J. Mozer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES)
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- AIIM Facility
- Innovation Campus
- University of Wollongong
| | - Gordon G. Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES)
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- AIIM Facility
- Innovation Campus
- University of Wollongong
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Li L, Shi P, Hua L, An J, Gong Y, Chen R, Yu C, Hua W, Xiu F, Zhou J, Gao G, Jin Z, Sun G, Huang W. Design of a wearable and shape-memory fibriform sensor for the detection of multimodal deformation. NANOSCALE 2017; 10:118-123. [PMID: 29211073 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06219b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A wearable and shape-memory strain sensor with a coaxial configuration is designed, comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane fiber as the core support, well-aligned and interconnected carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as conductive filaments, and polypyrrole (PPy) coating as the cladding layer. In this design, the stress relaxation between CNTs is well confined by the outer PPy cladding layer, which endows the fibriform sensor with good reliability and repeatability. The microcracks generated when the coaxial fiber is under strain guarantee the superior sensitivity of this fibriform sensor with a gauge factor of 12 at 0.1% strain, a wide detectable range (from 0.1% to 50% tensile strain), and the ability to detect multimodal deformation (tension, bending, and torsion) and human motions (finger bending, breathing, and phonation). In addition, due to its shape-memory characteristic, the sensing performance of the fibriform sensor is well retained after its shape recovers from 50% deformation and the fabric woven from the shape-memory coaxial fibers can be worn on the elbow joints in a reversible manner (original-enlarged-recovered) and fitted tightly. Thus, this sensor shows promising applications in wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.
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66
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Zhong W, Liu C, Xiang C, Jin Y, Li M, Liu K, Liu Q, Wang Y, Sun G, Wang D. Continuously Producible Ultrasensitive Wearable Strain Sensor Assembled with Three-Dimensional Interpenetrating Ag Nanowires/Polyolefin Elastomer Nanofibrous Composite Yarn. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:42058-42066. [PMID: 29115820 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fiber-shaped strain sensors with great flexibility and knittability have been tremendously concerned due to the wide applications in health manager devices, especially in human motion detection and physiological signal monitoring. Herein, a novel fiber-shaped strain sensor has been designed and prepared by interpenetrating Ag nanowires (NWs) into polyolefin elastomer nanofibrous yarn. The easy-to-obtain structure and simple roll-to-roll process make the continuous large-scale production of nanofibrous composite yarn possible. The continuous and alternating stretching and releasing reversibly change the contact probability between AgNWs in this interpenetrating network, leading to the variations of electrical resistance of the sensor. The gauge factors of strain sensors are calculated to be as high as 13920 and the minimum detection limit is only 0.065%. In addition, the strain sensor shows excellent durability during 4500 cycles with the strain of 10%. The response times of stretching and releasing strains are 10 and 15 ms, respectively. Furthermore, the strain sensor has been successfully applied in human motion detections both in single yarn and knitted fabrics. The result shows the practicability in applications of monitoring limbs movements, eye motion changes, artificial vocal cords, human pulse, and complex motions, which shows great potential in wearable sensors and electronic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibing Zhong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University , Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Cui Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University , Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Chenxue Xiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application , Wuhan, 430200 China
| | - Yuxia Jin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University , Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Mufang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application , Wuhan, 430200 China
| | - Ke Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application , Wuhan, 430200 China
| | - Qiongzhen Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application , Wuhan, 430200 China
| | - Yuedan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application , Wuhan, 430200 China
| | - Gang Sun
- University of California , Davis, California 95616-8598, United States
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University , Shanghai, 201620 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application , Wuhan, 430200 China
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Mirabedini A, Aziz S, Spinks GM, Foroughi J. Wet-Spun Biofiber for Torsional Artificial Muscles. Soft Robot 2017; 4:421-430. [PMID: 29251569 DOI: 10.1089/soro.2016.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The demands for new types of artificial muscles continue to grow and novel approaches are being enabled by the advent of new materials and novel fabrication strategies. Self-powered actuators have attracted significant attention due to their ability to be driven by elements in the ambient environment such as moisture. In this study, we demonstrate the use of twisted and coiled wet-spun hygroscopic chitosan fibers to achieve a novel torsional artificial muscle. The coiled fibers exhibited significant torsional actuation where the free end of the coiled fiber rotated up to 1155 degrees per mm of coil length when hydrated. This value is 96%, 362%, and 2210% higher than twisted graphene fiber, carbon nanotube torsional actuators, and coiled nylon muscles, respectively. A model based on a single helix was used to evaluate the torsional actuation behavior of these coiled chitosan fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Mirabedini
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong , Fairy Meadow, Australia
| | - Shazed Aziz
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong , Fairy Meadow, Australia
| | - Geoffrey M Spinks
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong , Fairy Meadow, Australia
| | - Javad Foroughi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong , Fairy Meadow, Australia
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Heo Y, Hwang Y, Jung HS, Choa SH, Ko HC. Secondary Sensitivity Control of Silver-Nanowire-Based Resistive-Type Strain Sensors by Geometric Modulation of the Elastomer Substrate. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1700070. [PMID: 28426180 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201700070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A secondary method for modulation of the sensitivity in silver nanowire (AgNW) resistive-type strain sensors without the need to change the material or coating process in the sensory layer is demonstrated. Instead of using a planar elastomer (polydimethylsiloxane is used in this study) substrate, diverse relief structures are introduced to induce nonuniform and complex strain within the elastic substrate and thereby different distributions of the crack density of the AgNWs upon stretching, which plays an important role in the modulation of the gauge factor (GF). Analysis of the sensory layer and mechanical studies reveal that a lower height ratio and greater number of trenches enhance the sensor sensitivity, for example, reaching a GF of 926 at 9.6% in this study. The demonstration of wrist-motion sensors using the technology illustrates the feasibility of using relief structures for various types of sensors and sensitivity ranges using an identical sensor layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjeong Heo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro (Oryong-Dong), Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyu Hwang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro (Oryong-Dong), Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Sun Jung
- Graduate School of Nano-IT-Design Fusion Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Gongneung-Dong, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 139-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Choa
- Graduate School of Nano-IT-Design Fusion Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Gongneung-Dong, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 139-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Cho Ko
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro (Oryong-Dong), Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
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Pedde RD, Mirani B, Navaei A, Styan T, Wong S, Mehrali M, Thakur A, Mohtaram NK, Bayati A, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Nikkhah M, Willerth SM, Akbari M. Emerging Biofabrication Strategies for Engineering Complex Tissue Constructs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606061. [PMID: 28370405 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The demand for organ transplantation and repair, coupled with a shortage of available donors, poses an urgent clinical need for the development of innovative treatment strategies for long-term repair and regeneration of injured or diseased tissues and organs. Bioengineering organs, by growing patient-derived cells in biomaterial scaffolds in the presence of pertinent physicochemical signals, provides a promising solution to meet this demand. However, recapitulating the structural and cytoarchitectural complexities of native tissues in vitro remains a significant challenge to be addressed. Through tremendous efforts over the past decade, several innovative biofabrication strategies have been developed to overcome these challenges. This review highlights recent work on emerging three-dimensional bioprinting and textile techniques, compares the advantages and shortcomings of these approaches, outlines the use of common biomaterials and advanced hybrid scaffolds, and describes several design considerations including the structural, physical, biological, and economical parameters that are crucial for the fabrication of functional, complex, engineered tissues. Finally, the applications of these biofabrication strategies in neural, skin, connective, and muscle tissue engineering are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Daniel Pedde
- Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Bahram Mirani
- Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ali Navaei
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Tara Styan
- Willerth Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Sarah Wong
- Willerth Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mehdi Mehrali
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Ashish Thakur
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Nima Khadem Mohtaram
- Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Armin Bayati
- Willerth Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Stephanie M Willerth
- Willerth Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Center for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
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70
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Lu Z, Chao Y, Ge Y, Foroughi J, Zhao Y, Wang C, Long H, Wallace GG. High-performance hybrid carbon nanotube fibers for wearable energy storage. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:5063-5071. [PMID: 28265639 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00408g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wearable energy storage devices are of practical interest, but few have been commercially exploited. Production of electrodes with extended cycle life, as well as high energy and power densities, coupled with flexibility, remains a challenge. Herein, we have demonstrated the development of a high-performance hybrid carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber-based supercapacitor for the first time using conventional wet-spinning processes. Manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoflakes were deposited onto the as-prepared CNT fibers by electrodeposition to form highly flexible nanocomposites fibers. As-prepared fibers were characterized by electron microscopy, electrical, mechanical, and electrochemical measurements. It was found that the specific capacitance was over 152 F g-1 (156 F cm-3), which is about 500% higher than the multi-walled carbon nanotube/MnO2 yarn-based supercapacitors. The measured energy density was 14.1 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 202 W kg-1. These values are 232% and 32% higher than the energy density and power density of MWNT/MnO2 yarn-based supercapacitor, respectively. It was found that the cyclic retention ability was more stable, revealing a 16% increase after 10 000 cycles. Such substantial enhancements of key properties of the hybrid material can be associated with the synergy of CNT and MnO2 nanoparticles in the fiber structure. The use of wet-spun hybrid CNT for fiber-based supercapacitors has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Lu
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, China
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71
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Probe Sensor Using Nanostructured Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Yarn for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Dopamine. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17040884. [PMID: 28420196 PMCID: PMC5424761 DOI: 10.3390/s17040884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The demands for electrochemical sensor materials with high strength and durability in physiological conditions continue to grow and novel approaches are being enabled by the advent of new electromaterials and novel fabrication technologies. Herein, we demonstrate a probe-style electrochemical sensor using highly flexible and conductive multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) yarns. The MWNT yarn-based sensors can be fabricated onto micro Pt-wire with a controlled diameter varying from 100 to 300 µm, and then further modified with Nafion via a dip-coating approach. The fabricated micro-sized sensors were characterized by electron microscopy, Raman, FTIR, electrical, and electrochemical measurements. For the first time, the MWNT/Nafion yarn-based probe sensors have been assembled and assessed for high-performance dopamine sensing, showing a significant improvement in both sensitivity and selectivity in dopamine detection in presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid. It offers the potential to be further developed as implantable probe sensors.
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72
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Zhao S, Li J, Cao D, Zhang G, Li J, Li K, Yang Y, Wang W, Jin Y, Sun R, Wong CP. Recent Advancements in Flexible and Stretchable Electrodes for Electromechanical Sensors: Strategies, Materials, and Features. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:12147-12164. [PMID: 28281337 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable and flexible sensors attached onto the surface of the human body can perceive external stimuli, thus attracting extensive attention due to their lightweight, low modulus, low cost, high flexibility, and stretchability. Recently, a myriad of efforts have been devoted to improving the performance and functionality of wearable sensors. Herein, this review focuses on recent remarkable advancements in the development of flexible and stretchable sensors. Multifunction of these wearable sensors is realized by incorporating some desired features (e.g., self-healing, self-powering, linearity, and printing). Next, focusing on the characteristics of carbon nanomaterials, nanostructured metal, conductive polymer, or their hybrid composites, two major strategies (e.g., materials that stretch and structures that stretch) and diverse design approaches have been developed to achieve highly flexible and stretchable electrodes. Strain sensing performances of recently reported sensors indicate that the appropriate choice of geometric engineering as well as intrinsically stretchable materials is essential for high-performance strain sensing. Finally, some important directions and challenges of a fully sensor-integrated wearable platform are proposed to realize their potential applications for human motion monitoring and human-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songfang Zhao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials for High Density Electronic Packaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Duxia Cao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials for High Density Electronic Packaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Kui Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan , Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication and Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yufeng Jin
- Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rong Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials for High Density Electronic Packaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ching-Ping Wong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 771 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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73
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Kim SY, Jee E, Kim JS, Kim DH. Conformable and ionic textiles using sheath-core carbon nanotube microyarns for highly sensitive and reliable pressure sensors. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02215h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conformable and reliable ionic textiles on the basis of sheath-core carbon nanotube microyarns are utilized for implementing highly sensitive and reliable piezocapacitive pressure sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering
- Soongsil University
- Korea
| | - Eunsong Jee
- Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering
- Soongsil University
- Korea
- Department of Information Communication, Materials, and Chemistry Convergence Technology (BK-21 plus)
- Soongsil University
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering
- Soongsil University
- Korea
- Department of Information Communication, Materials, and Chemistry Convergence Technology (BK-21 plus)
- Soongsil University
| | - Do Hwan Kim
- Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering
- Soongsil University
- Korea
- Department of Information Communication, Materials, and Chemistry Convergence Technology (BK-21 plus)
- Soongsil University
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