51
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Zheng T, Ni X. Loading the polyol carbonization agent into clay nanotubes for the preparation of environmentally stable UV-cured epoxy materials. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Zheng
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymer; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyuan Ni
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymer; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
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52
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Synthesis, structural and thermal properties of the hexapyrrolidinocyclotriphosphazenes-based protic molten salts: Antiproliferative effects against HT29, HeLa, and C6 cancer cell lines. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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53
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Wang M, Fang S, Zhang H. Study on flame retardancy of TGDDM epoxy resin blended with inherent flame-retardant epoxy ether. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008317694077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this article, inherent flame-retardant epoxy ether, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-[1,1-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)ethyl]-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DPBAEP), with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide moieties was synthesized via an economical method and was used to improve the flame retardancy of 4,4′-tetradiglycidyl diaminodiphenyl methane (TGDDM). A series of epoxy resins were prepared and cured with 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone. The glass transition temperatures ( Tg) of resin composites were above 243°C and decreased only slightly after DPBAEP was added. The thermal stabilities under the nitrogen (N2) and air atmosphere were also measured using thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicated that DPBAEP had a high decomposition temperature and affected the thermal degradation and promoted the charring of resins. When only over 5 wt% of DPBAEP was introduced, the thermosets obtained a high limiting oxygen index value of around 33.0%, achieved vertical burning V-0 rating and presented fast-swelling char barriers. In order to better understand the flame-retardant mechanisms, the residual char was investigated by scanning electron microscopy observation and Fourier transform infrared spectra. We inferred that the phosphorus (P) moieties reacted with the resin matrix, which played a significant role in promoting the formation of char with special structure, as well as making it rich and tough enough. This kind of char barrier could protect the underlying resin matrix against oxygen and heat transfer and inhibited volatile combustible from diffusing to the flame. Hence, thanks to the synergistic effect of P–N and the excellent compatibility, DPBAEP could impart excellent flame retardancy to TGDDM epoxy resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Polymerization and Polymer Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Polymerization and Polymer Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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54
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Effect of DOPO-containing flame retardants on poly(lactic acid): Non-flammability, mechanical properties and thermal behaviors. Chem Res Chin Univ 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-017-6196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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55
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Liang WJ, Zhao B, Zhao PH, Zhang CY, Liu YQ. Bisphenol-S bridged penta(anilino)cyclotriphosphazene and its application in epoxy resins: Synthesis, thermal degradation, and flame retardancy. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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56
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Liu C, Chen T, Yuan C, Chang Y, Chen G, Zeng B, Xu Y, Luo W, Dai L. Highly transparent and flame-retardant epoxy composites based on a hybrid multi-element containing POSS derivative. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09327f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resin modified with ODMAS comprising a POSS core and sixteen DOPO groups possess high transparency, excellent flame retardant property and enhanced mechanical strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- People's Republic of China
| | - Conghui Yuan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- People's Republic of China
| | - Guorong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- People's Republic of China
| | - Birong Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- People's Republic of China
| | - Weiang Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lizong Dai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials
- College of Materials
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- People's Republic of China
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57
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Synthesis of a novel bridged-cyclotriphosphazene flame retardant and its application in epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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58
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Brigadnov KA, Bilichenko YV, Polyakov VA, Borisov RS, Gusev KI, Rudakova TA, Filatov SN, Kireev VV. Epoxy oligomers modified with epoxyphosphazenes. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090416050018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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59
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Ye W, Wei W, Fei X, Lu R, Liu N, Luo J, Zhu Y, Liu X. Six-arm star-shaped polymer with cyclophosphazene core and poly(ε-caprolactone) arms as modifier of epoxy thermosets. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Ye
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoma Fei
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjie Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- Wuxi Chuangda Advanced Materials Co., Ltd.; Wuxi Jiangsu 214028 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
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60
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Abstract
A novel halogen-free flame retardant (6,6′-(((methylenebis(4,1-phenylene))bis(azanediyl))bis((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene))bis(6H-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide)(DP-DDM))) was synthesized via a one-pot procedure based on the Pudovik reaction between 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide and imine directly resulting from 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde with 4,4′-methylenedianiline (DDM). The thermal curing behaviors of epoxy resins with different contents of DP-DDM were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry under a nonisothermal condition, aimed to suggest an optimized curing procedure in accordance with the property of DP-DDM. These DP-DDM-modified epoxy thermosets under optimized curing procedure showed high glass transition temperature and thermal degradation activation energy. Moreover, their high flame-retarding performance has been found: the epoxy thermosets with a relatively low addition amount of DP-DDM (on account of the phosphorus content of 0.75 wt%) can reach UL 94 V-0 (Instrumental analysis and measurements) rating with limiting oxygen index value of 34.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Gu
- Department of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Systems Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Yurihonjo, Japan
| | - Jianhui Qiu
- Department of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Systems Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Yurihonjo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Sakai
- Department of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Systems Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Yurihonjo, Japan
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61
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Wang Y, Yuan Y, Zhao Y, Liu S, Zhao J. Flame–retarded epoxy resin with high glass transition temperature cured by DOPO-containing H-benzimidazole. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008316628967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A halogen-free flame retardant of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide-containing H-benzimidazole (DHBI) was synthesized and subsequently used as co-curing agent of 4,4′-diamino-diphenylmethane for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A. The structure of DHBI was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, proton, carbon 13 and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy. A series of cured epoxy resins (EPs) were prepared and their flame retardancy, thermal stability, flexibility, and dielectric properties were investigated. The resulting cured EP (EP-10) with 7.45 wt% of DHBI successfully achieved UL 94 V-0 rate with limited oxygen index of 35.6% and without dropping phenomenon. Compared with the cured pristine EP (EP-00), the glass transition temperature of EP-10 was increased by 6.9°C, accompanied with an enhancement of flexible strength by 13.1 MPa and a decrement of dielectric constant by 0.3 at the testing frequency of 1 MHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanchao Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shumei Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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62
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Lord TM, Casino SL, Hartzell SE, Garcia KJ, Pike RD, Stockland RA. Convenient Access to Arylated Spirocyclic Bisphosphonates. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M. Lord
- Department of Chemistry; Bucknell University; Lewisburg PA 17837
| | | | | | - Kevin J. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry; Bucknell University; Lewisburg PA 17837
| | - Robert D. Pike
- Department of Chemistry; The College of William and Mary; Williamsburg, VA 23185
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63
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Lv M, Yao C, Yang D, Zeng H. Synthesis of a melamine-cyclotriphosphazene derivative and its application as flame retardant on cotton gauze. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meixiang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfeng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Dingqiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Heping Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 People's Republic of China
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64
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Zheng T, Ni X. Loading an organophosphorous flame retardant into halloysite nanotubes for modifying UV-curable epoxy resin. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08178a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel flame-resistant UV-curable epoxy (EP) composites were prepared using the organophosphorous flame retardant dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) which was loaded into halloysite nanotubes (HNTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymer
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- PR China
| | - Xiuyuan Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymer
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- PR China
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65
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Zhao X, Babu HV, Llorca J, Wang DY. Impact of halogen-free flame retardant with varied phosphorus chemical surrounding on the properties of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A type epoxy resin: synthesis, fire behaviour, flame-retardant mechanism and mechanical properties. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13168a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the effect of two types ofphosphorus-containing flame retardants (P-FRs) with different chemical surroundings on flame-retardant efficiency for diglycidyl ester of bisphenol-A type epoxy (EP).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Javier Llorca
- IMDEA Materials Institute
- Madrid
- Spain
- Department of Materials Science
- Polytechnic University of Madrid
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66
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Soller BS, Salzinger S, Rieger B. Rare Earth Metal-Mediated Precision Polymerization of Vinylphosphonates and Conjugated Nitrogen-Containing Vinyl Monomers. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1993-2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt S. Soller
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl
für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Stephan Salzinger
- Advanced Materials & Systems Research, BASF SE, GME/D-B001, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl
für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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67
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Novel crosslinkable epoxy resins containing phenylacetylene and azobenzene groups: From thermal crosslinking to flame retardance. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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68
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Fontenot KR, Nguyen MM, Al-Abdul-Wahid MS, Easson MW, Chang S, Lorigan GA, Condon BD. The thermal degradation pathway studies of a phosphazene derivative on cotton fabric. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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69
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Zarybnicka L, Bacovska R, Vecera M, Snuparek J, Alberti M, Rychly J, Kalenda P. Synthesis of curing agent for epoxy resin based on halogenophosphazene. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Zarybnicka
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials; University of Pardubice; Studentska 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Radka Bacovska
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Vecera
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials; University of Pardubice; Studentska 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Snuparek
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials; University of Pardubice; Studentska 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
| | - Milan Alberti
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Electronics Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Kotlarska 2 611 37 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Rychly
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Republic, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dubravska Cesta 9 Bratislava 45 845 41 Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kalenda
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials; University of Pardubice; Studentska 573 Pardubice 532 10 Czech Republic
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70
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Tan Y, Shao ZB, Chen XF, Long JW, Chen L, Wang YZ. Novel Multifunctional Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Curing Agent with High Flame-Retardant Efficiency for Epoxy Resin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:17919-28. [PMID: 26186089 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel multifunctional organic-inorganic hybrid was designed and prepared based on ammonium polyphosphate (APP) by cation exchange with diethylenetriamine (DETA), abbreviated as DETA-APP. Then DETA-APP was used as flame-retardant curing agent for epoxy resin (EP). Curing behavior, including the curing kinetic parameters, was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The flame retardance and burning behavior of DETA-APP cured EP were also evaluated. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of DETA-APP/EP was enhanced to 30.5% with only 15 wt % of DETA-APP incorporated; and the UL-94 V-0 rating could be easily passed through with only 10 wt % of the hybrid. Compared with DETA/EP, the peak-heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), total smoke production (TSP), and peak-smoke production release (SPR) of DETA-APP/EP (15 wt % addition), obtained from cone calorimetry, were dropped by 68.3, 79.3, 79.0, and 30.0%, respectively, suggesting excellent flame-retardant and smoke suppression efficiency. The flame-retardant mechanism of DETA-APP/EP has been investigated comprehensively. The results of all the aforementioned studies distinctly confirmed that DETA-APP was an effective flame-retardant curing agent for EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- †Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhu-Bao Shao
- †Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xue-Fang Chen
- †Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jia-Wei Long
- †Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Li Chen
- †Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- ‡National Engineering Research Center of Electronic Circuits Base Material, Guangdong Shengyi Technology Limited Corporation, Dongguan 523039, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- †Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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71
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Liu H, Wang X, Wu D. Synthesis of a novel linear polyphosphazene-based epoxy resin and its application in halogen-free flame-resistant thermosetting systems. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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72
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Zhang C, Pan M, Qu L, Sun G. Effect of phosphorus-containing flame retardants on flame retardancy and thermal stability of tetrafunctional epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Jilin University; Changchun 130025 PR China
| | - Miao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Jilin University; Changchun 130025 PR China
| | - Lijie Qu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Jilin University; Changchun 130025 PR China
| | - Guoen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Jilin University; Changchun 130025 PR China
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73
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Mayer-Gall T, Knittel D, Gutmann JS, Opwis K. Permanent flame retardant finishing of textiles by allyl-functionalized polyphosphazenes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:9349-63. [PMID: 25902050 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite their excellent flame retardant properties, polyphosphazenes are currently not used as flame retardant agents for textile finishing, because a permanent fixation on the substrate surface has failed so far. Here, we present the successful synthesis and characterization of a noncombustible and foam-forming polyphosphazene derivative, that can be immobilized durably on cotton and different cotton/polyester blended fabrics using photoinduced grafting reactions. The flame retardant properties are improved, a higher limiting oxygen index is found, and the modified textiles pass several standardized flammability tests. As flame retardant mechanism a synergistic effect between the immobilized polyphosphazene and the textile substrate was observed. The polyphosphazene finishing induces an earlier decomposition of the material with a reduced mass loss in thermogravimetric analysis. The decomposition of cotton and polyester leads to the formation of phosphorus oxynitride, which forms a protecting barrier layer on the fiber surface. In addition, the permanence of the flame retardant finishing was proven by laundry and abrasion tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mayer-Gall
- †Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, Adlerstrasse 1, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany
- ‡University Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration, Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Dierk Knittel
- †Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, Adlerstrasse 1, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Jochen S Gutmann
- †Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, Adlerstrasse 1, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany
- ‡University Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration, Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Klaus Opwis
- †Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, Adlerstrasse 1, D-47798 Krefeld, Germany
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74
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A new phosphazene derivative, spiro-N3P3[(O2C12H8)2(OC6H6N-3)2], and its Ru(II) complex: Syntheses, crystal structure, catalytic activity and antimicrobial activity studies. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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75
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Jiang X, Yu GW, Li ZG, Chu SP, Wang SP. Synthesis and Characterisation of Phosphazene Derivatives Containing Dioxybiphenyl and 4-Sulfanylquinazoline Groups. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3184/174751915x14242621081153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
2,2-Dichloro-4,4,6,6-bis[spiro(2′,2″-dioxy-1′,1″-biphenylyl)]cyclotriphosphazene was synthesised from the reaction of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene with biphenyl-2,2′-diol. 2,2-Bis(4-formylphenoxy)-4,4,6,6-bis[spiro(2′,2″-dioxy-1′,1″-biphenylyl)]cyclotriphosphazene was obtained from the reaction of 2,2-dichloro-4,4,6,6-bis[spiro(2′,2″-dioxy-1′,1″-biphenylyl)] cyclotriphosphazene with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. 2,2-Bis[4-(4-quinazolinone)phenoxy]-4,4,6,6-bis[spiro(2′,2″-dioxy-1′,1″-biphenylyl)]cyclotriphosphazene was synthesised from the reaction of 2,2-bis(4-formylphenoxy)-4,4,6,6-bis[spiro(2′,2″-dioxy-1′,1″-biphenylyl)]cyclotriphosphazene with anthranilamide in N,N-dimethylformamide. The novel cyclophosphazene derivatives were synthesised under mild conditions from the reaction of 2,2-bis[4-(4-quinazolinone)phenoxy]-4,4,6,6-bis[spiro(2′,2″-dioxy-1′,1″-biphenylyl)]cyclotriphosphazene with 4-chlorobenzenemethanethiol, p-thiocresol, 4-aminothiophenol, and 4-chlorothiophenol in the presence of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride via C-OH bond activation under mild conditions. All products were generally obtained in high yields. Their structures were characterised by HRMS, IR and 1H, 13C spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Wei Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Zu-Guang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Peng Chu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
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76
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Chen W, Liu P, Liu Y, Wang Q. Interfacial carbonation for efficient flame retardance of glass fiber-reinforced polyamide 6. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00280j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interfacial carbonation mode is introduced to solve the high flammability of GF-reinforced polymer composites through interfacial char produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Pengju Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Yuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Qi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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77
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Luo Q, Yuan Y, Dong C, Liu S, Zhao J. Intumescent flame retardancy of a DGEBA epoxy resin based on 5,10-dihydro-phenophosphazine-10-oxide. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11847f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Only 2.5 wt% DPPA makes the epoxy resin achieve a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test due to the combination of intumescent charring and the blowing-out effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yanchao Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Shumei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Ministry of Education
| | - Jiangqing Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Ministry of Education
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78
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Two novel phosphorus–nitrogen-containing halogen-free flame retardants of high performance for epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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79
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Jin W, Yuan L, Liang G, Gu A. Multifunctional cyclotriphosphazene/hexagonal boron nitride hybrids and their flame retarding bismaleimide resins with high thermal conductivity and thermal stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:14931-44. [PMID: 25140735 DOI: 10.1021/am502364k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel hybridized multifunctional filler (CPBN), cyclotriphosphazene/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) hybrid, was synthesized by chemically coating hBN with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and p-phenylenediamine, its structure was systemically characterized. Besides, CPBN was used to develop new flame retarding bismaleimide/o,o'-diallylbisphenol A (BD) resins with simultaneously high thermal conductivity and thermal stability. The nature of CPBN has a strong influence on the flame behavior of the composites. With the addition of only 5 wt % CPBN to BD resin, the thermal conductivity increases 2 times; meanwhile the flame retardancy of BD resin is remarkably increased, reflected by the increased limited oxygen index, much longer time to ignition, significantly reduced heat release rate. The thermogravimetric kinetics, structures of chars and pyrolysis gases, and cone calorimeter tests were investigated to reveal the unique flame retarding mechanism of CPBN/BD composites. CPBN provides multieffects on improving the flame retardancy, especially in forming a protective char layer, which means a more thermally stable and condensed barrier for heat and mass transfer, and thus protecting the resin from further combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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80
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Sirotin IS, Bilichenko YV, Brigadnov KA, Kireev VV, Prudskov BM, Borisov RS. Single-stage synthesis of phosphazene-containing epoxy oligomers. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090414040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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81
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Pan M, Zhang C, Zhai X, Qu L, Mu J. Effect of hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene combined with octapropylglycidylether polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane on thermal stability and flame retardancy of epoxy resin. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008314528227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel phosphazene-based compound called hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP) was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as well as proton and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Epoxy (EP) resin composites containing HPCTP and octapropylglycidylether polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OGPOSS) were prepared using 4,4′-diamino diphenylmethane as curing agent. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, UL 94 vertical burning test, and cone calorimetry test were used to assess thermal stability and flame retardancy of the composites. Evaluation of thermal properties demonstrated that the resulting composites achieved less thermal stability compared with control EP resin but possessed high char yields at high temperatures. It indicated that both HPCTP and OGPOSS could induce the formation of intumescent char layer that retarded the degradation and combustion process of EP resin. The peak heat release rate of EP resin composite containing 15 wt% HPCTP was 61% less than that of control EP resin. Meanwhile, other flame-retardant parameters were also improved. Results of scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy of residual chars confirmed that both HPCTP and OGPOSS can enhance thermal stability and flame retardancy of EP resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Zhai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijie Qu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Mu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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82
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Cyclotriphosphazenes having stereogenic phosphorus atoms: Synthesis, characterization and their stereogenic properties. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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83
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İbişoğlu H, Beşli S, Yuksel F, Ün İ, Kılıç A. Investigation of nucleophilic substitution pathway for the reactions of 1,4-benzodioxan-6-amine with chlorocyclophosphazenes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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84
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Reactions of cyclotriphosphazene with 1,6-diaminohexane and 1,8-diaminooctane: Mono-ansa, double- and triple-bridged derivatives. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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85
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Pan M, Huang R, Wang T, Huang D, Mu J, Zhang C. Preparation and properties of epoxy resin composites containing hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008313501008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP) was synthesized by a nucleophilic substitution reaction between hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and phenol. The chemical structure of HPCTP was then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as well as 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The synthesized HPCTP was incorporated into the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A to prepare epoxy resin (EP) composites using 4,4′-diamino diphenylmethane as curing agent. The thermal and flame-retardant properties of cured samples were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, UL-94 vertical burning test, and cone calorimetry. Evaluation of thermal properties demonstrated that the resulting composites achieved high thermal stability with high char yields. The UL-94 V-0 rating was easily achieved with the addition of HPCTP, and the heat release intensity simultaneously decreased. Results of scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy confirmed that HPCTP can enhance the thermal stability and flame retardancy of epoxy resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deyong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Mu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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86
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Feng H, Wang X, Wu D. Fabrication of Spirocyclic Phosphazene Epoxy-Based Nanocomposites with Graphene via Exfoliation of Graphite Platelets and Thermal Curing for Enhancement of Mechanical and Conductive Properties. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie400483x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composite Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composite Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dezhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composite Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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