51
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Fu S, Yang D, Zhang P, Sun G. Antibacterial Polylactic- co-glycolic Acid Braided Threads Using Plasma and Coating Modifications for Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1902-1912. [PMID: 35025313 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) thread is frequently used for acupoint catgut embedding therapy (ACET), but the poor hydrophilicity and biocompatibility largely limited its wider applications. The aim of this study is to functionalize the PLGA braided thread and improve its cell adhesion property. The PLGA strands are first processed into threads on a circular braiding machine, and then, antibacterial treatment was introduced with and without oxygen plasma treatments. Afterward, functional characterizations such as antibacterial activity (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli), cytotoxicity, cell attachment and cell morphology, histological observation, and biodegradation experiments of threads were measured. Moreover, tensile properties and flexibility of the threads were determined to evaluate their mechanical properties. The modified threads showed rougher surfaces than those of the unmodified ones from SEM observations, and the weights and fiber diameters of the threads increased correspondingly, together with the improved surface hydrophilicity. All coated sutures showed durable antimicrobial function and slow drug releasing features for more than 5 days and good cell viability (more than 75%), according to the standard of ISO 10993-5:2009. Besides, cell attachment, tissue growth, and collagen regeneration of plasma-treated samples were greatly improved compared to those of without the plasma treatment. The threads presented slow degradation behavior after the antibacterial treatment. The threads with only plasma-treated revealed a promising prospect for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoju Fu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Dongchao Yang
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Peihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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52
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Versaw BA, McFadden ME, Husic CC, Robb MJ. Designing naphthopyran mechanophores with tunable mechanochromic behavior. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4525-4530. [PMID: 34122911 PMCID: PMC8159456 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01359e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanochromic molecular force probes conveniently report on stress and strain in polymeric materials through straightforward visual cues. We capitalize on the versatility of the naphthopyran framework to design a series of mechanochromic mechanophores that exhibit highly tunable color and fading kinetics after mechanochemical activation. Structurally diverse naphthopyran crosslinkers are synthesized and covalently incorporated into silicone elastomers, where the mechanochemical ring-opening reactions are achieved under tension to generate the merocyanine dyes. Strategic structural modifications to the naphthopyran mechanophore scaffold produce dramatic differences in the color and thermal electrocyclization behavior of the corresponding merocyanine dyes. The color of the merocyanines varies from orange-yellow to purple upon the introduction of an electron donating pyrrolidine substituent, while the rate of thermal electrocyclization is controlled through electronic and steric factors, enabling access to derivatives that display both fast-fading and persistent coloration after mechanical activation and subsequent stress relaxation. In addition to identifying key structure-property relationships for tuning the behavior of the naphthopyran mechanophore, the modularity of the naphthopyran platform is demonstrated by leveraging blends of structurally distinct mechanophores to create materials with desirable multicolor mechanochromic and complex stimuli-responsive behavior, expanding the scope and accessibility of force-responsive materials for applications such as multimodal sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A Versaw
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA
| | - Molly E McFadden
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA
| | - Corey C Husic
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA
| | - Maxwell J Robb
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA
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53
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Lu Z, Lu S, Cheng Y, Qin Y, Yang S, Liu X, Fan W, Zheng L, Zhang H. Synthesis of isoniazid-substituted tetraphenylethylene stereoisomers with dramatic differences on aggregate morphologies, optical and mechanocharomic properties. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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54
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Peterson GI, Noh J, Bang KT, Ma H, Kim KT, Choi TL. Mechanochemical Degradation of Brush Polymers: Kinetics of Ultrasound-Induced Backbone and Arm Scission. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory I. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyung Noh
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Bang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Taek Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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55
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Izak-Nau E, Campagna D, Baumann C, Göstl R. Polymer mechanochemistry-enabled pericyclic reactions. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01937e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polymer mechanochemical pericyclic reactions are reviewed with regard to their structural features and substitution prerequisites to the polymer framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Izak-Nau
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Davide Campagna
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
| | - Christoph Baumann
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
| | - Robert Göstl
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
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56
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Xu S, Jia X, Lu J, Zheng L, Lv K, Shu Y, Sun J. Pteridine derivatives: novel low-molecular-weight organogelators and their piezofluorochromism. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05922a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Here, π-conjugated compounds based on pteridine derivatives were synthesized and their self-assembling behaviors in a variety of organic solvents and piezofluorochromism were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenzheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130021
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130021
- P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Lu
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- P. R. China
| | - Lianyou Zheng
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery of Jilin University
- The College of Chemistry and The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130021
- P. R. China
| | - Kuo Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130021
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanhong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130021
- P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130021
- P. R. China
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57
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Schwartz JJ, Behrou R, Cao B, Bassford M, Mendible A, Shaeffer C, Boydston AJ, Boechler N. Reduced strain mechanochemical activation onset in microstructured materials. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01875a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we show that mechanochemical activation in responsive materials with designed, periodic microstructures can be achieved at lower applied strains than their bulk counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna J. Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Reza Behrou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - Morgan Bassford
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - Ariana Mendible
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - Courtney Shaeffer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - Andrew J. Boydston
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Nicholas Boechler
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
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58
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Liu JJ, Xia SB, Que QT, Suo H, Liu J, Shen X, Cheng FX. Naphthalimide-containing coordination polymer with mechanoresponsive luminescence and excellent metal ion sensing properties. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3174-3180. [PMID: 32091051 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04928b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mechanoresponsive luminescent materials coupled with other functionalities are of particular interest due to their multiple external stimuli responsive properties. In this paper, a new sensitive mechanoresponsive luminescent coordination polymer, [Cd(INI)(DMF)2·DMF] (1) (H2INI = N-(5-isophthalic acid)-1,8-naphthalimide), has been successfully designed and synthesized. Complex 1 exhibits interesting mechanoresponsive and grinding-enhanced luminescence properties, and its luminescence colour changed from weak blue-green to bright blue upon grinding owing to the external pressure-induced destruction of ππ stacked arrangements in local defective areas. Moreover, the luminescence properties and uncoordinated carbonyl groups of well-ground g-1 endow it with excellent sensing ability for Cr3+ ions. This work will provide a new perspective to rationally design multifunctional coordination polymers that can serve as practical multi-responsive sensors to pressure and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Liu
- Center for Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Chemical Functional Materials and Pollution Control, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Shu-Biao Xia
- Center for Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Chemical Functional Materials and Pollution Control, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Qi-Tao Que
- Center for Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Chemical Functional Materials and Pollution Control, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Hongbo Suo
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- School of Metallurgy Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Xiang Shen
- Center for Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Chemical Functional Materials and Pollution Control, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Fei-Xiang Cheng
- Center for Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau Chemical Functional Materials and Pollution Control, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
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59
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Han J, Tang KM, Cheng SC, Ng CO, Chun YK, Chan SL, Yiu SM, Tse MK, Roy VAL, Ko CC. Mechanochemical changes on cyclometalated Ir(iii) acyclic carbene complexes – design and tuning of luminescent mechanochromic transition metal complexes. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01278h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new class of luminescent cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes with readily tunable mechanochromic properties derived from the mechanically induced trans-to-cis isomerization have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Han
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Kin-Man Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
| | | | - Chi-On Ng
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Yuen-Kiu Chun
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Shing-Lun Chan
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Man-Kit Tse
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Vellaisamy A. L. Roy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Chi-Chiu Ko
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
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60
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Wu CH, Tu CW, Aimi J, Zhang J, Chen T, Wang CC, Huang CF. Mechanochromic double network hydrogels as a compression stress sensor. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01075h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We prepared tough DN hydrogels with various rhodamine contents that undergo colour changes with external stresses. We demonstrated a facile platform between macroscopic colour changes and external stresses via converting photographs to mechanographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hao Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST)
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung 40227
- Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Tu
- Industrial Technology Research Institute
- Hsinchu 31057
- Taiwan
| | - Junko Aimi
- Research Center for Functional Materials
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo 315201
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo 315201
| | - Chung-Chi Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery
- Veterans General Hospital
- Taichung 40705
- Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST)
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung 40227
- Taiwan
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61
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Aoki D, Yanagisawa M, Otsuka H. Synthesis of well-defined mechanochromic polymers based on a radical-type mechanochromophore by RAFT polymerization: living radical polymerization from a polymerization inhibitor. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00590h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of mechanochromic polymers based on a radical-type mechanochromophore by RAFT polymerization: living radical polymerization from a polymerization inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8550
- Japan
| | - Moeko Yanagisawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8550
- Japan
| | - Hideyuki Otsuka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8550
- Japan
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62
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Calais T, Valdivia y Alvarado P. Advanced functional materials for soft robotics: tuning physicochemical properties beyond rigidity control. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2399-7532/ab4f9d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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63
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Razavi B, Abdollahi A, Roghani-Mamaqani H, Salami-Kalajahi M. Light-, temperature-, and pH-responsive micellar assemblies of spiropyran-initiated amphiphilic block copolymers: Kinetics of photochromism, responsiveness, and smart drug delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 109:110524. [PMID: 32228960 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multi-responsive polymer assemblies are a significant class of smart polymers with potential applications in drug-delivery and gen-delivery systems. Poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) is among the most applicable multi-responsive polymers that changes its physical and chemical properties in response to temperature, pH, and CO2. Herein, different types of light-, temperature-, pH-, and CO2-responsive polymer assemblies were developed based on multi-responsive PDMAEMA and hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) blocks. In addition, spiropyran was incorporated at the chain ends by using spiropyran-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization method. Novel smart drug-delivery systems were developed by self-assembly of these amphiphilic block copolymers to micellar morphologies in aqueous media. Dynamic light scattering results showed that size of the polymer assemblies changed in response to pH variations (from 5 to 9), temperature changes (above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PDMAEMA), and also UV light irradiation (wavelength of 365 nm). The LCST of PPDMAEMA showed a shift from 53 to 60 °C after isomerization of the SP to MC form, as a result of increase of polarity and water-solubility. The PDMAEMA block results in responsivity of the prepared copolymer assemblies to CO2, which display pH variation from 8-8.6 to 5-6 after 2 min of CO2 gas bubbling. All the multi-responsive micellar polymer assemblies showed various loading capacities and release profiles, and the DOX release can be controlled by pH, temperature, and light. The release efficiency is reached to 60-85% at pH 5.3, 80-90% at temperatures higher than the LCST of PDMAEMA (60 °C), and also 90-100% under UV light irradiation after 48 h. In summary, the multi-responsive polymer assemblies based on amphiphilic block copolymers containing spiropyran chain end groups in the current study have potential applications in smart drug-delivery systems, and offer controlling over the drug-release by different triggers, such as light irradiation, pH variation, and temperature change. A very low concentration of spiropyran molecules (one per polymer chain) showed light-controlling of drug-release from the assemblies with high efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Razavi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran; Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Abdollahi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran; Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran; Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Salami-Kalajahi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran; Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran.
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64
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Peterson GI, Lee J, Choi TL. Multimechanophore Graft Polymers: Mechanochemical Reactions at Backbone–Arm Junctions. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory I. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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65
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Taki M, Yamashita T, Yatabe K, Vogel V. Mechano-chromic protein-polymer hybrid hydrogel to visualize mechanical strain. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:9388-9393. [PMID: 31609367 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00380k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In a proof-of-concept study, a mechano-chromic hydrogel was synthesized here, via chemoenzymatic click conjugation of fluorophore-labeled fibronectin into a synthetic hydrogel co-polymers (i.e., poly-N-isopropylacrylamide/polyethylene glycol). The optical FRET response could be tuned by macroscopic stretch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Taki
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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66
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Bowser BH, Ho CH, Craig SL. High Mechanophore Content, Stress-Relieving Copolymers Synthesized via RAFT Polymerization. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon H. Bowser
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ching-Hsien Ho
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Stephen L. Craig
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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67
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Stimuli-chromism of photoswitches in smart polymers: Recent advances and applications as chemosensors. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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68
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Spoerk M, Holzer C, Gonzalez‐Gutierrez J. Material extrusion‐based additive manufacturing of polypropylene: A review on how to improve dimensional inaccuracy and warpage. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Spoerk
- Polymer ProcessingMontanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto Gloeckel‐Straße 2 Leoben 8700 Austria
| | - Clemens Holzer
- Polymer ProcessingMontanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto Gloeckel‐Straße 2 Leoben 8700 Austria
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69
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Jia Y, Wang S, Wang WJ, Li BG, Zhu S. Design and Synthesis of a Well-Controlled Mechanoluminescent Polymer System Based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer with Spiropyran as a Force-Activated Acceptor and Nitrobenzoxadiazole as a Fluorescent Donor. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Jia
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University—Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 47L, Canada
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
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70
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Apebende EA, Dubois L, Bruns N. Light-responsive block copolymers with a spiropyran located at the block junction. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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71
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Boyle BM, Xiong PT, Mensch TE, Werder TJ, Miyake GM. 3D printing using powder melt extrusion. ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2019; 29:100811. [PMID: 33907668 PMCID: PMC8074846 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2019.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing promises to revolutionize manufacturing industries. However, 3D printing of novel build materials is currently limited by constraints inherent to printer designs. In this work, a bench-top powder melt extrusion (PME) 3D printer head was designed and fabricated to print parts directly from powder-based materials rather than filament. The final design of the PME printer head evolved from the Rich Rap Universal Pellet Extruder (RRUPE) design and was realized through an iterative approach. The PME printer was made possible by modifications to the funnel shape, pressure applied to the extrudate by the auger, and hot end structure. Through comparison of parts printed with the PME printer with those from a commercially available fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printer using common thermoplastics poly(lactide) (PLA), high impact poly (styrene) (HIPS), and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) powders (< 1 mm in diameter), evaluation of the printer performance was performed. For each build material, the PME printed objects show comparable viscoelastic properties by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) to those of the FFF objects. However, due to a significant difference in printer resolution between PME (X-Y resolution of 0.8 mm and a Z-layer height calibrated to 0.1 mm) and FFF (X-Y resolution of 0.4 mm and a Z-layer height of 0.18 mm), as well as, an inherently more inconsistent feed of build material for PME than FFF, the resulting print quality, determined by a dimensional analysis and surface roughness comparisons, of the PME printed objects was lower than that of the FFF printed parts based on the print layer uniformity and structure. Further, due to the poorer print resolution and inherent inconsistent build material feed of the PME, the bulk tensile strength and Young's moduli of the objects printed by PME were lower and more inconsistent (49.2 ± 10.7 MPa and 1620 ± 375 MPa, respectively) than those of FFF printed objects (57.7 ± 2.31 MPa and 2160 ± 179 MPa, respectively). Nevertheless, PME print methods promise an opportunity to provide a platform on which it is possible to rapidly prototype a myriad of thermoplastic materials for 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tara E. Mensch
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Timothy J. Werder
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Garret M. Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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72
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van der Scheer P, van Zuijlen Q, Sprakel J. Rigidochromic conjugated polymers carrying main-chain molecular rotors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11559-11562. [PMID: 31495850 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05713g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We design and prepare rigidochromic conjugated polymers that carry molecular rotors in the main chain. We show how a suitable design maintains the mechanosensitivity of the rotors upon incorporation into an extended π-conjugated system. Construction of donor-acceptor polymers enables their use as ratiometric probes for polymer micromechanics, which we evidence through micromechanical imaging of a phase-separated polymer blend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter van der Scheer
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Quintin van Zuijlen
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Joris Sprakel
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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73
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Kabb CP, O'Bryan CS, Morley CD, Angelini TE, Sumerlin BS. Anthracene-based mechanophores for compression-activated fluorescence in polymeric networks. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7702-7708. [PMID: 31588318 PMCID: PMC6764261 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02487e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent attention given to functionalities that respond to mechanical force has led to a deeper understanding of force transduction and mechanical wear in polymeric materials. Furthermore, polymers have been carefully designed such that activation of "mechanophores" leads to productive outputs, such as material reinforcement or changes in optical properties. In this work, a crosslinker containing an anthracene-maleimide linkage was designed and used to prepare networks that display a fluorescence response when damaged. The pressure-dependent damage of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) networks was monitored using solid-state fluorescence spectroscopy, with increasing compressive forces leading to higher degrees of mechanophore activation. When a stamp was used to compress the networks, only the areas in contact with the raised portion of the stamp underwent mechanophore activation, resulting in the generation of patterns that were only visible under UV light. Finally, an isomeric "flex" mechanophore was designed and used to prepare networks that were compressed and compared to the previously described networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Kabb
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory , Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering , Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA .
| | - Christopher S O'Bryan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA
| | - Cameron D Morley
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA
| | - Thomas E Angelini
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA
- Institute for Cell and Regenerative Medicine , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory , Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering , Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL 32611 , USA .
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74
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Zhang M, Zhao L, Zhao R, Li Z, Liu Y, Duan Y, Han T. A mechanochromic luminescent material with aggregation-induced emission: Application for pressure sensing and mapping. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 220:117125. [PMID: 31136865 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report a new compound, (E)-4-(((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene)amino)-3-methylbenzoic acid (HNMB), which shows aggregation-induced emission property as well as intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) nature. In addition, it exhibits unique mechanochromic luminescence (MCL). The HNMB solid powder emits strong emission but shows quenching effect together with bathochromic-shift after grinding, suggesting a high contrast ratio up to 1420%. Through crystallographic analysis, the relationship between MCL nature and molecular packing mode is verified: Molecules in crystalline phase adopt the J-type coupling based on less overlapped π⋯π stacking, in which multiple intermolecular interactions mainly including C-H⋯π, C-H⋯O and hydrogen bonding, help to stabilize such packing mode. When these interactions are destructed by mechanical force, the packing would be disassembled, activating the MCL behavior. Such working mechanism only needs weak external force capable of destructing intermolecular interactions, rendering the MCL material highly sensitive to pressure. As a practical application, a film sensor for pressure detection is designed based on HNMB, which gives a linear relation between the emission intensity and the external pressure in a lower range. The detection limit of the film sensor is 27.24 Mpa, suggesting high sensitivity. In addition, pressure mapping with high contrast ratio is obtained by surface plot, making this pressure sensor a reliable candidate to be instrumented for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ruixue Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhongfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Radiation Advanced Materials, Beijing Research Center for Radiation Application, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yuai Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Tianyu Han
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
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75
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Jo JY, Jang HG, Jung YC, Lee DC, Kim J. Revealing the Dependence of Molecular-Level Force Transfer and Distribution on Polymer Cross-Link Density via Mechanophores. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:882-887. [PMID: 35619494 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The correlation between polymer architecture and molecular-level forces has long been a challenging research subject. Herein, spiropyran, a mechanophore that exhibits fluorescence change under force, was incorporated as a cross-linker between PMMA backbone segments. Using an in situ opto-mechanical setup to probe the molecular-level forces, the mechano-response of SP-linked PMMA as a function of the cross-link density was monitored during deformation. The dependence of the molecular-level force on cross-link density was quantitatively examined and revealed. First, a higher cross-link density shifted the fluorescence onset, that is, the onset of the spiropyran-to-merocyanine transition, to lower strains, eventually shifting the onset long before yield, without requiring sufficient chain mobility, owing to the higher efficiency of the force transfer. Under the same energy, the increase in cross-link density allowed for faster force transfer, but only to a certain level. Finally, the overall amount of spiropyran-to-merocyanine conversion linearly decreased with increasing cross-link density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Jo
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Han Gyeol Jang
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yong Chae Jung
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Korea
| | - Doh C. Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jaewoo Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Korea
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76
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Yang JC, Ho YC, Chan YH. Ultrabright Fluorescent Polymer Dots with Thermochromic Characteristics for Full-Color Security Marking. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:29341-29349. [PMID: 31315396 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Innovative and scalable security technologies are in high demand to deter increasing counterfeiting in modern society. Here, we report the first example of thermochromic-fluorescent ink based on semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) by taking advantage of the unique optical properties of Pdots. We designed and synthesized two types of thermochromic molecules and then incorporated them with multicolor fluorescent Pdots. The resulting Pdots exhibited colorimetric and fluorescent dual-readout abilities in response to different temperatures which greatly increase the security level for anticounterfeiting applications. These multifunctional Pdots can be easily doped into flexible substrates or prepared as inks. These full-color inks can be further loaded into marker pens for handwriting or cartridges for inkjet printing with excellent signal-to-background contrast. Moreover, complex and delicate full-color images can be printed on security documents or currency for practical use. We anticipate that this first example of thermoresponsive dual-readout methodology based on Pdots will have broad use in advanced security marking technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yang-Hsiang Chan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 80708 , Taiwan
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77
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Qiu W, Gurr PA, Qiao GG. Color-Switchable Polar Polymeric Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:29268-29275. [PMID: 31333022 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Spiropyran is an important mechanophore, which has rarely been incorporated as a cross-linker in polar polymer matrices, limiting its applications in innovative mechanochromic devices. Here, three spiropyrans with two- or three-attachment positions were synthesized and covalently bonded in polar poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA), to achieve color-switchable materials, triggered by light and when swollen in water. The negative photochromism in the dark and mechanical activation by swelling in water were investigated. Measurements of negative photochromism were conducted in solution and cross-linked PHEA bulk polymers, with both showing color reversibility when stored in the dark or on exposure to visible light. The force of swelling in water was sufficient to induce the ring-opening reaction of spiropyran. It was found that tri-substituted spiropyran (SP3) was less influenced by the polar matrix but showed the fastest color activation during swelling. SP3 also showed accelerated ring opening to the colored state during the swelling process. Bleaching rates and color switchability were investigated under swollen and dehydrated conditions. The effect of cross-link density on the swelling activation was explored to better understand the interaction between the mechanophore and the polar environment. The results demonstrated that influences from both the polar environment and the mechanochromic nature of spiropyran had an impact on the absorption intensity, rate of change, and the decoloration rate of the materials. This study provides the opportunity to manipulate the properties of spiropyrans to afford materials with a range of color-switching properties under different stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlian Qiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Paul A Gurr
- Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
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78
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Xiao M, Huang L, Dong X, Xie K, Shen H, Huang C, Xiao W, Jin M, Tang Y. Integration of a 3D-printed read-out platform with a quantum dot-based immunoassay for detection of the avian influenza A (H7N9) virus. Analyst 2019; 144:2594-2603. [PMID: 30830133 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02336k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks and potential epidemics of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus pose serious threats to human health and the global economy. As such, its timely and accurate detection is critically important. In the present study, positive hybridoma cells (6B3) were obtained, which were used to secrete high-titer avian influenza virus (AIV) H7N9 monoclonal antibodies (H7N9 mAb). Based on these mAbs, quantum dot-based lateral flow immunochromatographic strips (QD-LFICS) were developed for AIV H7N9 detection. Under optimized conditions, results from a commercial fluorescent strip reader indicated that the limit of detection of QD-LFICS was 0.0268 HAU. To achieve rapid on-site testing, a mini 3D-printed read-out platform was fabricated to allow observation of QD-LFICS by the naked eye. More importantly, QD-LFICS were found to be practical and specific for the detection of actual samples compared with a real-time polymerase chain reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for antibody drug and immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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79
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McFadden ME, Robb MJ. Force-Dependent Multicolor Mechanochromism from a Single Mechanophore. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11388-11392. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Molly E. McFadden
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Maxwell J. Robb
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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80
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Polymers for additive manufacturing and 4D-printing: Materials, methodologies, and biomedical applications. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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81
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Vidavsky Y, Yang SJ, Abel BA, Agami I, Diesendruck CE, Coates GW, Silberstein MN. Enabling Room-Temperature Mechanochromic Activation in a Glassy Polymer: Synthesis and Characterization of Spiropyran Polycarbonate. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10060-10067. [PMID: 31244138 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Iris Agami
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Charles E. Diesendruck
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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82
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Shafranek RT, Millik SC, Smith PT, Lee CU, Boydston AJ, Nelson A. Stimuli-responsive materials in additive manufacturing. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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83
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Hou J, Wu X, Sun W, Duan Y, Liu Y, Han T, Li Z. Toward a simple way for a mechanochromic luminescent material with high contrast ratio and fatigue resistance: Implication for information storage. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 214:348-354. [PMID: 30798217 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present the synthesis and photoluminescence (PL) behaviour of a new compound, DHNC. The molecular design includes twisted conformation and the incorporation of electron donor (D) and acceptor (A) pairs, which endows the compound with both twisted intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties. Importantly, the compound exhibits mechanochromic luminescence (MCL): The emission of the crystalline powder shows strong green emission but turns into orange-red with an obvious quenching effect after grinding, demonstrating a high contrast ratio. The emission of the ground sample can be rejuvenated though recrystallization by either immersion or fumigation in common organic solvents. The emission can be reversibly switched between two states for more than 10 cycles, showing fatigue resistance. In a quantitative mechanical experiment, the DHNC-loaded film has a remarkable emission loss with the external force up to 67.9 Mpa, showing high sensitivity. An archetype of information storage is developed based on this MCL material, which uses mechanical force to write information and organic vapour to erase. Letters and cartoon pictures can be written and erased repeatedly on the DHNC-loaded film, indicating high contrast ratio and fatigue resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdan Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiuyuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wenting Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuai Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Radiation Advanced Materials, Beijing Research Center for Radiation Application, 100015 Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Han
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Zhongfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
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84
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85
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Abstract
Production of objects with varied mechanical properties is challenging for current manufacturing methods. Additive manufacturing could make these multimaterial objects possible, but methods able to achieve multimaterial control along all three axes of printing are limited. Here we report a multi-wavelength method of vat photopolymerization that provides chemoselective wavelength-control over material composition utilizing multimaterial actinic spatial control (MASC) during additive manufacturing. The multicomponent photoresins include acrylate- and epoxide-based monomers with corresponding radical and cationic initiators. Under long wavelength (visible) irradiation, preferential curing of acrylate components is observed. Under short wavelength (UV) irradiation, a combination of acrylate and epoxide components are incorporated. This enables production of multimaterial parts containing stiff epoxide networks contrasted against soft hydrogels and organogels. Variation in MASC formulation drastically changes the mechanical properties of printed samples. Samples printed using different MASC formulations have spatially-controlled chemical heterogeneity, mechanical anisotropy, and spatially-controlled swelling that facilitates 4D printing. Objects with varied mechanical properties can be produced by additive manufacturing, but multimaterial control along all three axes of printing is still limited. Here the authors use wavelength control during vat polymerization and demonstrate printing of objects with spatial control of the composition and stiffness.
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86
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Sun H, Kabb CP, Sims MB, Sumerlin BS. Architecture-transformable polymers: Reshaping the future of stimuli-responsive polymers. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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87
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Waheed S, Cabot JM, Smejkal P, Farajikhah S, Sayyar S, Innis PC, Beirne S, Barnsley G, Lewis TW, Breadmore MC, Paull B. Three-Dimensional Printing of Abrasive, Hard, and Thermally Conductive Synthetic Microdiamond-Polymer Composite Using Low-Cost Fused Deposition Modeling Printer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:4353-4363. [PMID: 30623658 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A relative lack of printable materials with tailored functional properties limits the applicability of three-dimensional (3D) printing. In this work, a diamond-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) composite filament for use in 3D printing was created through incorporation of high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) synthetic microdiamonds as a filler. Homogenously distributed diamond composite filaments, containing either 37.5 or 60 wt % microdiamonds, were formed through preblending the diamond powder with ABS, followed by subsequent multiple fiber extrusions. The thermal conductivity of the ABS base material increased from 0.17 to 0.94 W/(m·K), more than five-fold following incorporation of the microdiamonds. The elastic modulus for the 60 wt % microdiamond containing composite material increased by 41.9% with respect to pure ABS, from 1050 to 1490 MPa. The hydrophilicity also increased by 32%. A low-cost fused deposition modeling printer was customized to handle the highly abrasive composite filament by replacing the conventional (stainless-steel) filament feeding gear with a harder titanium gear. To demonstrate improved thermal performance of 3D printed devices using the new composite filament, a number of composite heat sinks were printed and characterized. Heat dissipation measurements demonstrated that 3D printed heat sinks containing 60 wt % diamond increased the thermal dissipation by 42%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Syamak Farajikhah
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , NSW 2500 , Australia
| | - Sepidar Sayyar
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , NSW 2500 , Australia
| | - Peter C Innis
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , NSW 2500 , Australia
| | - Stephen Beirne
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , NSW 2500 , Australia
| | - Grant Barnsley
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , NSW 2500 , Australia
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88
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Prasad A, Kandasubramanian B. Fused deposition processing polycaprolactone of composites for biomedical applications. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2018.1563117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arya Prasad
- Institute of Plastics Technology, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology (CIPET), Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Rapid Prototyping Lab, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, India
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89
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Yan X, Song X, Mu X, Wang Y. Mechanochromic luminescence based on a phthalonitrile-bridging salophen zinc(ii) complex. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03704g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Here, we showcase the impressive stimuli-responsive properties of a luminescent zinc(ii)–salophen complex CN-Zn, highlighting a reversible mechanochromic property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianju Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyue Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
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90
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Rohde RC, Basu A, Okello LB, Barbee MH, Zhang Y, Velev OD, Nelson A, Craig SL. Mechanochromic composite elastomers for additive manufacturing and low strain mechanophore activation. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01053j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Composite silicone inks provide access to 3D-printable elastomers that are mechanochemically active at lower strains that single component analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amrita Basu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - Lilian B. Okello
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | | | - Yudi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Duke University
- Durham
- USA
| | - Orlin D. Velev
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
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91
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Kanu NJ, Gupta E, Vates UK, Singh GK. An insight into biomimetic 4D printing. RSC Adv 2019; 9:38209-38226. [PMID: 35541793 PMCID: PMC9075844 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07342f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
4D printed objects are indexed under additive manufacturing (AM) objects. The 4D printed materials are stimulus-responsive and have shape-changing features. However, the manufacturing of such objects is still a challenging task. For this, the designing space has to be explored in the initial stages, which is lagging so far. This paper encompasses two recent approaches to explore the conceptual design of 4D printed objects in detail: (a) an application-based modeling and simulation approach for phytomimetic structures and (b) a voxel-based modeling and simulation approach. The voxel-based modeling and simulation approach has the enhanced features for the rapid testing (prior to moving into design procedures) of the given distribution of such 4D printed smart materials (SMs) while checking for behaviors, particularly when these intelligent materials are exposed to a stimulus. The voxel-based modeling and simulation approach is further modified using bi-exponential expressions to encode the time-dependent behavior of the bio-inspired 4D printed materials. The shape-changing materials are inspired from biological objects, such as flowers, which are temperature-sensitive or touch-sensitive, and can be 4D printed in such a way that they are encrypted with a decentralized, anisotropic enlargement feature under a restrained alignment of cellulose fibers as in the case of composite hydrogels. Such plant-inspired architectures can change shapes when immersed in water. This paper also outlines a review of the 4D printing of (a) smart photocurable and biocompatible scaffolds with renewable plant oils, which can be a better alternative to traditional polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) to support human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), and (b) a biomimetic dual shape-changing tube having applications in biomedical engineering as a bioimplant. The future applications would be based on these smart and intelligent materials; thus, it is important to modify the existing voxel-based modeling and simulation approach and discuss efficient printing methods to fabricate such bio-inspired materials. 4D printed objects are indexed under additive manufacturing (AM) objects.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gyanendra Kumar Singh
- Federal Technical and Vocational Education and Training Institute
- Addis Ababa
- Ethiopia
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92
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Abdollahi A, Roghani-Mamaqani H, Razavi B, Salami-Kalajahi M. The light-controlling of temperature-responsivity in stimuli-responsive polymers. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00890j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Light-controlling of phase separation in temperature-responsive polymer solutions by using light-responsive materials for reversible controlling physical and chemical properties of the media with an out-of-system stimulus with tunable intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Abdollahi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering
- Sahand University of Technology
- Tabriz
- Iran
| | - Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering
- Sahand University of Technology
- Tabriz
- Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials
| | - Bahareh Razavi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering
- Sahand University of Technology
- Tabriz
- Iran
| | - Mehdi Salami-Kalajahi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering
- Sahand University of Technology
- Tabriz
- Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials
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93
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Jackson JA, Messner MC, Dudukovic NA, Smith WL, Bekker L, Moran B, Golobic AM, Pascall AJ, Duoss EB, Loh KJ, Spadaccini CM. Field responsive mechanical metamaterials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaau6419. [PMID: 30539147 PMCID: PMC6286172 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau6419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Typically, mechanical metamaterial properties are programmed and set when the architecture is designed and constructed, and do not change in response to shifting environmental conditions or application requirements. We present a new class of architected materials called field responsive mechanical metamaterials (FRMMs) that exhibit dynamic control and on-the-fly tunability enabled by careful design and selection of both material composition and architecture. To demonstrate the FRMM concept, we print complex structures composed of polymeric tubes infilled with magnetorheological fluid suspensions. Modulating remotely applied magnetic fields results in rapid, reversible, and sizable changes of the effective stiffness of our metamaterial motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Jackson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
- University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mark C. Messner
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave., Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Nikola A. Dudukovic
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - William L. Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Logan Bekker
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Bryan Moran
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Alexandra M. Golobic
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Andrew J. Pascall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Eric B. Duoss
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Loh
- University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., MC 0085, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Corresponding author. (K.J.L.); (C.M.S.)
| | - Christopher M. Spadaccini
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
- Corresponding author. (K.J.L.); (C.M.S.)
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94
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Sakai H, Sumi T, Aoki D, Goseki R, Otsuka H. Thermally Stable Radical-Type Mechanochromic Polymers Based on Difluorenylsuccinonitrile. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1359-1363. [PMID: 35651243 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochromism, a color change induced by mechanical force, has attracted much attention in materials science, as it can be used to create stress- and damage-detecting sensors. In particular, radical-type mechanochromic molecules (mechanochromophores), which produce colored radicals upon exposure to mechanical force, enable the qualitative visualization of mechanical stress and the quantitative evaluation of the generated radical species by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. However, the sensitivity of radical-type mechanochromophores to thermal stimuli limits their range of applications. Herein, we report the radical-type mechanochromophore difluorenylsuccinonitrile (DFSN), which can be used to synthesize mechanochromic polymers via living radical polymerization techniques, as its central carbon-carbon bond exhibits high thermal stability. The obtained DFSN-centered polymers show mechanochromism and desirably high thermal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hio Sakai
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Sumi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Raita Goseki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Otsuka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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95
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Abdollahi A, Sahandi-Zangabad K, Roghani-Mamaqani H. Light-Induced Aggregation and Disaggregation of Stimuli-Responsive Latex Particles Depending on Spiropyran Concentration: Kinetics of Photochromism and Investigation of Reversible Photopatterning. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:13910-13923. [PMID: 30395471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Light-controlling the physical and chemical properties of smart polymers by using photochromic compounds has been an interesting research subject. Incorporation of spiropyran (SP) on the surface of particles can induce photoswitchable aggregation/disaggregation to stimuli-responsive colloids. Herein, we developed a novel class of stimuli-responsive latex particles bearing SP with different contents (0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 wt %) by semicontinuous emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization, which is able to change the particle size by light-induced aggregation/disaggregation in response to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and visible light. The scanning electron microscopy images revealed the spherical morphology of the latex particles, with the size in the range of 400-900 nm. Light-induced aggregation and disaggregation of stimuli-responsive latex particles were investigated by dynamic light scattering and also confirmed by variation of transmittance during UV illumination time using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The range of the light-induced shift in the particle size is about 200-600 nm (depending on the concentration of SP), where the reduction of transmittance upon UV irradiation (and conversely upon visible light) confirms the ability of latex particles for displaying reversible photoswitchable aggregation/disaggregation and also light-controlling the particle size. The kinetics of SP to merocyanine (MC) and MC to SP isomerizations were experimentally investigated and fitted by exponential equations. The photochromic latexes displayed remarkable photoswitchability and photofatigue resistant properties under alternating UV and visible light irradiation cycles. Additionally, these stimuli-responsive latexes displayed potential applications such as anticounterfeiting inks in erasable and rewritable writings on cellulosic papers for increasing safety in security documents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Abdollahi
- Department of Polymer Engineering , Sahand University of Technology , P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz 51368 , Iran
| | - Keyvan Sahandi-Zangabad
- Department of Polymer Engineering , Sahand University of Technology , P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz 51368 , Iran
| | - Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani
- Department of Polymer Engineering , Sahand University of Technology , P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz 51368 , Iran
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96
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Abdollahi A, Sahandi-Zangabad K, Roghani-Mamaqani H. Rewritable Anticounterfeiting Polymer Inks Based on Functionalized Stimuli-Responsive Latex Particles Containing Spiropyran Photoswitches: Reversible Photopatterning and Security Marking. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:39279-39292. [PMID: 30379526 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Increase of safety in security documents by using anticounterfeiting inks based on fluorochromic and photochromic compounds has attracted a great deal of attention in the recent years. Herein, we developed novel functionalized stimuli-responsive latex particles containing spiropyran (1 wt %) by semicontinuous emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization, which are usable as anticounterfeiting inks for marking on security documents and also photopatterning on cellulosic papers. The size and morphology of the latex particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering and their functionality was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. All the stimuli-responsive latexes are composed of spherical particles with different hydroxyl, epoxy, and carboxylic acid functional groups, and the size of the particles varies in the range of 400-900 nm. Additionally, the latex particles undergo a remarkable light-induced size variation (aggregation-disaggregation) upon UV illumination (365 nm), depending on the functional group type, as a result of π-π stacking interactions and also electrostatic attractions between the different particles. The photochromic behavior, kinetics of the SP ⇌ MC isomerization, photoswitchability, and photofatigue-resistant characteristics of the prepared latexes were extensively investigated. The results display that the photochromic behavior and SP ⇌ MC isomerization can significantly be influenced by the polar interactions between the functional groups and MC molecules. As a novel application, the prepared stimuli-responsive latexes were used as anticounterfeiting inks for writing on cellulosic paper and also security marking on several monies, where the written phrase displayed red fluorescence emission and coloration under and after UV illumination (365 nm), respectively. Additionally, the latexes were sprayed on cellulosic papers to prepare stimuli-responsive papers for investigation of their photopatterning ability under UV irradiation and different masking. The presence of functional groups and large particle sizes are the main effective factors for stabilization of the latex particles on cellulosic papers. This is the first report on application of functionalized stimuli-responsive latex particles containing spiropyran as anticounterfeiting inks for security marking and photopatterning on cellulosic papers, directly and without using further additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Abdollahi
- Department of Polymer Engineering , Sahand University of Technology , P.O. Box 51335-1996, Tabriz 51368 , Iran
| | - Keyvan Sahandi-Zangabad
- Department of Polymer Engineering , Sahand University of Technology , P.O. Box 51335-1996, Tabriz 51368 , Iran
| | - Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani
- Department of Polymer Engineering , Sahand University of Technology , P.O. Box 51335-1996, Tabriz 51368 , Iran
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97
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Kim TA, Robb MJ, Moore JS, White SR, Sottos NR. Mechanical Reactivity of Two Different Spiropyran Mechanophores in Polydimethylsiloxane. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxwell J. Robb
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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98
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Abdollahi A, Mouraki A, Sharifian MH, Mahdavian AR. Photochromic properties of stimuli-responsive cellulosic papers modified by spiropyran-acrylic copolymer in reusable pH-sensors. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 200:583-594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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99
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Hu X, McFadden ME, Barber RW, Robb MJ. Mechanochemical Regulation of a Photochemical Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14073-14077. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Hu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Molly E. McFadden
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ross W. Barber
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Maxwell J. Robb
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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100
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Karman M, Verde-Sesto E, Weder C, Simon YC. Mechanochemical Fluorescence Switching in Polymers Containing Dithiomaleimide Moieties. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1099-1104. [PMID: 35632942 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymers that display useful mechanochemical responses, such as changes of their fluorescence characteristics, are attracting great interest. Here, we introduce the fluorescent dithiomaleimide (DTM) motif as a mechanofluorophore and report the mechanoresponse of two polymer types containing this motif. Poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) and poly(ε-caprolactone)s (PCL) featuring one DTM moiety in the center of each chain (PMA-DTM and PCL-DTM) were synthesized by controlled radical and coordination-insertion ring-opening polymerizations using bifunctional DTM-containing initiators. Upon ultrasonic treatment of PMA-DTM or PCL-DTM of sufficiently high initial molecular weight, both the molecular weight and the fluorescence intensity decreased with similar kinetics, while no significant fluorescence changes were observed for DTM-free reference polymers. The results show that the DTM motif can serve as a mechanophore that displays a mechanically induced fluorescence turn-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Karman
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ester Verde-Sesto
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Yoan C. Simon
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Dr. #5050, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
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