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NifEN-B complex of Azotobacter vinelandii is fully functional in nitrogenase FeMo cofactor assembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:8623-7. [PMID: 21551100 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1102773108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Assembly of nitrogenase FeMoco is one of the key processes in bioinorganic chemistry. NifB and NifEN are two essential elements immediately adjacent to each other along the biosynthetic pathway of FeMoco. Previously, an 8Fe-precursor of FeMoco was identified on NifEN; however, the identity of the biosynthetic intermediate on NifB has remained elusive to date. Here, we present a combined biochemical and spectroscopic investigation of a His-tagged NifEN-B fusion protein of Azotobacter vinelandii. Our data from the EPR and activity analyses confirm the presence of the 8Fe-precursor in the NifEN entity of NifEN-B; whereas those from the metal, EPR, and UV/Vis experiments reveal the presence of additional [Fe(4)S(4)]-type cluster species in the NifB entity of NifEN-B. EPR-, UV/Vis- and metal-based quantitative analyses suggest that the newly identified cluster species in NifEN-B consist of both SAM-motif (CXXXCXXC)- and non-SAM-motif-bound [Fe(4)S(4)]-type clusters. Moreover, EPR and activity experiments indicate that the non-SAM-motif [Fe(4)S(4)] cluster is a NifB-bound intermediate of FeMoco assembly, which could be converted to the 8Fe-precursor in a SAM-dependent mechanism. Combined outcome of this work provides the initial insights into the biosynthetic events of FeMoco on NifB. More importantly, the full capacity of NifEN-B in FeMoco biosynthesis demonstrates the potential of this fusion protein as an excellent platform for further investigations of the role of NifB and its interaction with NifEN during the process of FeMoco assembly.
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Abstract
Biosynthesis of nitrogenase FeMoco is a highly complex process that requires, minimally, the participation of nifS, nifU, nifB, nifE, nifN, nifV, nifH, nifD and nifK gene products. Previous genetic analyses have identified the essential factors for the assembly of FeMoco; however, the exact functions of these factors and the precise sequence of events during the assembly process had remained unclear until recently, when a number of the biosynthetic intermediates of FeMoco were identified and characterized by combined biochemical, spectroscopic and structural analyses. This review gives a brief account of the recent progress toward understanding the assembly process of FeMoco, which has identified some important missing pieces of this biosynthetic puzzle.
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53
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Holm RH, Solomon EI, Majumdar A, Tenderholt A. Comparative molecular chemistry of molybdenum and tungsten and its relation to hydroxylase and oxotransferase enzymes. Coord Chem Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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54
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Apfel UP, Weigand W. Efficient Activation of the Greenhouse Gas CO2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:4262-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bose M, Moula G, Begum A, Sarkar S. Dangling Thiyl Radical: Stabilized in [PPh4]2[(bdt)WVI(O)(μ-S)2CuI(SC6H4S•)]. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:3852-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200258u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Bose
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Golam Moula
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ameerunisha Begum
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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Pushkarevsky NA, Konchenko SN, Zabel M, Bodensteiner M, Scheer M. Dimerization of pentanuclear clusters [Fe3Q(AsMe)(CO)9] (Q = Se, Te) as a conversion pathway to novel cubane-like aggregates. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:2067-74. [PMID: 21258730 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01587c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of carbonyl heterocubane-type clusters, [Fe(4)(μ(3)-Q)(2)(μ(3)-AsMe)(2)(CO)(12)] (2, Q = Se (a), Te (b)), which simultaneously contain elements of group 15 and 16, were obtained by thermolysis of [Fe(3)(μ(3)-Q)(μ(3)-AsMe)(CO)(9)] (1) in acetonitrile. The clusters 2 possess a cubic Fe(4)Q(2)As(2) core with alternating Fe and Q/As atoms. The coordination environment of the Fe atoms is close to octahedral, and those of Q or As atoms are tetrahedral, which determines the distorted cubic cluster core geometry. The second main products of thermolysis are the clusters [Fe(6)(μ(3)-Q)(μ(4)-Q)(μ(4)-AsMe)(2)(CO)(12)] (3a,b), whose core contains double the elemental composition of the initial cluster 1. In the case of the Se-containing cluster two other minor products [Fe(4)(μ(4)-Se)(μ(4)-SeAsMe)(CO)(12)] (4) and [Fe(3)(μ(3)-AsMe)(2)(CO)(9)] (5) are formed. Based on the structures and properties of the products, a reaction route for the conversion of 1 into 2 is proposed, which includes the associative formation of the clusters 3 as intermediates, unlike the dissociative pathways previously known for the transformations of similar clusters of the type [Fe(3)Q(2)(CO)(9)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay A Pushkarevsky
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Division of RAS, Akad. Lavrentyeva str. 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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Mendicute Fierro C, Smith PD, Horton PN, Hursthouse MB, Light ME. Synthesis and structures of mono and binuclear nickel(II) thiolate complexes of a dicompartmental pseudo-macrocycle with N(imine)2S2 and N(oxime)2S2 metal-binding sites. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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58
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Maratini F, Pandolfo L, Bendova M, Schubert U, Bauer M, Rocchia M, Venzo A, Tondello E, Gross S. From thioxo cluster to dithio cluster: exploring the chemistry of polynuclear zirconium complexes with S,O and S,S ligands. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:489-502. [PMID: 21141945 PMCID: PMC3018348 DOI: 10.1021/ic1013768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three different zirconium thio and oxothio clusters, characterized by different coordination modes of dithioacetate and/or monothioacetate ligands, were obtained by the reaction of monothioacetic acid with zirconium n-butoxide, Zr(O(n)Bu)4, in different experimental conditions. In particular, we isolated the three polynuclear Zr3(μ3-SSSCCH3)2(SSCCH3)6·2(n)BuOH (Zr3), Zr4(μ3-O)2(μ-η(1)-SOCCH3)2(SOCCH3)8(O(n)Bu)2 (Zr4), and Zr6(μ3-O)5(μ-SOCCH3)2(μ-OOCCH3)(SOCCH3)11((n)BuOH) (Zr6) derivatives, presenting some peculiar characteristics. Zr6 has an unusual star-shaped structure. Only sulfur-based ligands, viz., chelating dithioacetate monoanions and an unusual ethane-1,1,1-trithiolate group μ3 coordinating the Zr ions, were observed in the case of Zr3. 1D and 2D NMR analyses confirmed the presence of differently coordinated ligands. Raman spectroscopy was further used to characterize the new polynuclear complexes. Time-resolved extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements, devoted to unraveling the cluster formation mechanisms, evidenced a fast coordination of sulfur ligands and subsequent relatively rapid rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Maratini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luciano Pandolfo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Bendova
- Institut für Materialchemie, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Schubert
- Institut für Materialchemie, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 18, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Alfonso Venzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, CNR-ISTM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, and INSTM, UdR Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Eugenio Tondello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, CNR-ISTM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, and INSTM, UdR Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Gross
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, CNR-ISTM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, and INSTM, UdR Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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Abstract
The history of nitrogenase research dates all the way back to the 1800s. This chapter provides a brief account of the advances in this particular research area over the past few hundred years, which include such events as the initial discovery of biological nitrogen fixation, the preparation of active cell-free extracts, the purification of nitrogenase enzyme, the proposal of the Thorneley-Lowe model, and the report of x-ray crystallographic structures of the component proteins of nitrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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60
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Healy AJ, Reeve HA, Vincent KA. Development of an infrared spectroscopic approach for studying metalloenzyme active site chemistry under direct electrochemical control. Faraday Discuss 2011; 148:345-57; discussion 421-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c004274a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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61
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Dance I. Electronic Dimensions of FeMo-co, the Active Site of Nitrogenase, and Its Catalytic Intermediates. Inorg Chem 2010; 50:178-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ic1015884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Dance
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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63
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Fuchs MGG, Dechert S, Demeshko S, Meyer F. N-Coordinated [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] Clusters: Synthesis, Structures and Spectroscopic Characterisation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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64
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Pasynskii AA, Grinberg VA, Konchenko SN, Pushkarevskii NA. Electrochemical behavior of heterometallic chalcogenide clusters. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328410050076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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65
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Huang D, Holm RH. Reactions of the terminal Ni(II)-OH group in substitution and electrophilic reactions with carbon dioxide and other substrates: structural definition of binding modes in an intramolecular Ni(II)...Fe(II) bridged site. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:4693-701. [PMID: 20218565 PMCID: PMC3031429 DOI: 10.1021/ja1003125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A singular feature of the catalytic C-cluster of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase is a sulfide-bridged Ni...Fe locus where substrate is bound and transformed in the reversible reaction CO + H(2)O right harpoon over left harpoon CO(2) + 2H(+) + 2e(-). A similar structure has been sought in this work. Mononuclear planar Ni(II) complexes [Ni(pyN(2)(Me2))L](1-) (pyN(2)(Me2) = bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,6-pyridinedicarboxamidate(2-)) derived from a NNN pincer ligand have been prepared including L = OH(-) (1) and CN(-) (7). Complex 1 reacts with ethyl formate and CO(2) to form unidentate L = HCO(2)(-) (5) and HCO(3)(-) (6) products. A binucleating macrocycle was prepared which specifically binds Ni(II) at a NNN pincer site and five-coordinate Fe(II) at a triamine site. The Ni(II) macrocyle forms hydroxo (14) and cyanide complexes (15) analogous to 1 and 7. Reaction of 14 with FeCl(2) alone and with ethyl formate and 15 with FeCl(2) affords molecules with the Ni(II)-L-Fe(II) bridge unit in which L = mu(2):eta(1)-OH(-) (17) and mu(2):eta(2)-HCO(2)(-) (18) and -CN(-) (19). All bridges are nonlinear (17, 140.0 degrees ; 18, M-O-C 135.9 degrees (Ni), 120.2 degrees (Fe); 19, Ni-C-N 170.3 degrees , Fe-N-C 141.8 degrees ) with Ni...Fe separations of 3.7-4.8 A. The Ni(II)Fe(II) complexes, lacking appropriate Ni-Fe-S cluster structures, are not site analogues, but their synthesis and reactivity provide the first demonstration that molecular Ni(II)...Fe(II) sites and bridges can be attained, a necessity in the biomimetic chemistry of C-clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138
| | - R. H. Holm
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138
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Zheng C, Kim K, Matsumoto T, Ogo S. The useful properties of H2O as a ligand of a hydrogenase mimic. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:2218-25. [PMID: 20162194 DOI: 10.1039/b921273f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates the required properties of Ru-coordinated ligands of a Ni-Ru based hydrogenase mimic. A series of ligands, including MeCN, pyridine, H(2)O and OH(-) were coordinated to Ru, with H(2)O being the only ligand to promote H(2)-activation. In addition, a tethered pyridyl moiety was synthesised and found to completely inhibit H(2)-activation. We conclude, therefore, that H(2)O is the ideal ligand for this mimic as a result of both its mild basicity and the availability of two lone pairs for simultaneous binding to Ru and H(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbai Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Ichikawa K, Nonaka K, Matsumoto T, Kure B, Yoon KS, Higuchi Y, Yagi T, Ogo S. Concerto catalysis--harmonising [NiFe]hydrogenase and NiRu model catalysts. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:2993-4. [PMID: 20221530 DOI: 10.1039/b926061g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This communication reports the successful merging of the chemical properties of a natural [NiFe]hydrogenase (Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki F) and our previously reported [NiRu] hydrogenase-mimic. The catalytic activity of both the natural enzyme and the mimic is almost identical, with the exception of working pH ranges, and this allows us to use them simultaneously in the same reaction flask. In such a manner, isotope exchange between D(2) and H(2)O could be conducted over an extended pH range (about 2-10) in one pot under mild conditions at ambient temperature and pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ichikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Abstract
The trace element molybdenum is essential for nearly all organisms and forms the catalytic centre of a large variety of enzymes such as nitrogenase, nitrate reductases, sulphite oxidase and xanthine oxidoreductases. Nature has developed two scaffolds holding molybdenum in place, the iron-molybdenum cofactor and pterin-based molybdenum cofactors. Despite the different structures and functions of molybdenum-dependent enzymes, there are important similarities, which we highlight here. The biosynthetic pathways leading to both types of cofactor have common mechanistic aspects relating to scaffold formation, metal activation and cofactor insertion into apoenzymes, and have served as an evolutionary 'toolbox' to mediate additional cellular functions in eukaryotic metabolism.
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