51
|
Chen W, Zheng M, Meng F, Cheng R, Deng C, Feijen J, Zhong Z. In situ forming reduction-sensitive degradable nanogels for facile loading and triggered intracellular release of proteins. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:1214-22. [PMID: 23477570 DOI: 10.1021/bm400206m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In situ forming reduction-sensitive degradable nanogels were designed and developed based on poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(2-(hydroxyethyl) methacrylate-co-acryloyl carbonate) (PEG-P(HEMA-co-AC)) block copolymers for efficient loading as well as triggered intracellular release of proteins. PEG-P(HEMA-co-AC) copolymers were prepared with controlled Mn of 9.1, 9.5, and 9.9 kg/mol and varying numbers of AC units per molecule of 7, 9 and 11, respectively (denoted as copolymer 1, 2, and 3) by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer copolymerization. These copolymers were freely soluble in phosphate buffer but formed disulfide-cross-linked nanogels with defined sizes ranging from 72.5 to 124.1 nm in the presence of cystamine via ring-opening reaction with cyclic carbonate groups. The sizes of nanogels decreased with increasing AC units as a result of increased cross-linking density. Dynamic light scattering studies showed that these nanogels though stable at physiological conditions were rapidly dissociated in response to 10 mM dithiothreitol (DTT). Interestingly, FITC-labeled cytochrome C (FITC-CC) could be readily loaded into nanogels with remarkable loading efficiencies (up to 98.2%) and loading contents (up to 48.2 wt.%). The in vitro release studies showed that release of FITC-CC was minimal under physiological conditions but significantly enhanced under reductive conditions in the presence of 10 mM DTT with about 96.8% of FITC-CC released in 22 h from nanogel 1. In contrast, protein release from 1,4-butanediamine cross-linked nanogels (reduction-insensitive control) remained low under otherwise the same conditions. MTT assays showed that these nanogels were nontoxic to HeLa cells up to a tested concentration of 2 mg/mL. Confocal microscopy results showed that nanogel 1 delivered and released FITC-CC into the perinuclei region of HeLa cells following 8 h incubation. CC-loaded reductively degradable nanogels demonstrated apparently better apoptotic activity than free CC as well as reduction-insensitive controls. These in situ forming, surfactant and oil-free, and reduction-sensitive degradable nanogels are highly promising for targeted protein therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Li H, Cortez MA, Phillips HR, Wu Y, Reineke TM. Poly(2 deoxy 2 methacrylamido glucopyranose) b Poly(methacrylate amine)s: Optimization of Diblock Glycopol ycations for Nucleic Acid Delivery. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:10.1021/mz300660t. [PMID: 24179703 PMCID: PMC3810285 DOI: 10.1021/mz300660t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of nine poly(2-deoxy-2-methacrylamido glucopyranose)-b-poly(methacrylate amine) diblock copolycations The cationic block was varied in length and in the degree of methyl group substitution (secondary, tertiary, quaternary) on the pendant amine in an effort to optimize the structure and activity for plasmid DNA delivery. Upon a thorough kinetic study of polymerization for each polymer, the glycopolymers were prepared with well-controlled Mn and Ð. The binding and colloidal stability of the polymer-pDNA nanocomplexes at different N/P ratios and in biological media has been investigated using gel electrophoresis and light scattering techniques. The toxicity and transfection efficiency of the polyplexes has been evaluated with Hep G2 (human liver hepatocellular carcinoma) cells; several polymers displayed excellent delivery and toxicity profiles justifying their further development for in vivo gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Mallory A. Cortez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Haley R. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Yaoying Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Bian J, Zhang M, He J, Ni P. Preparation and self-assembly of double hydrophilic poly(ethylethylene phosphate)-block-poly[2-(succinyloxy)ethyl methacrylate] diblock copolymers for drug delivery. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
54
|
Li Y, Gao GH, Lee DS. Stimulus-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles and their applications as drug and gene carriers. Adv Healthc Mater 2013. [PMID: 23184586 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles are promising candidates as drug and gene carriers. Among polymeric nanoparticles, those that are responsive to internal or external stimuli are of greater interest because they allow more efficient delivery of therapeutics to pathological regions. Stimulus-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles have been fabricated based on numerous nanostructures, including micelles, vesicles, crosslinked nanoparticles, and hybrid nanoparticles. The changes in chemical or physical properties of polymeric nanoparticles that occur in response to single, dual, or multiple stimuli endow these nanoparticles with the ability to retain cargoes during circulation, target the pathological region, and release their cargoes after cell internalization. This Review focuses on the most recent developments in the preparation of stimulus-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles and their applications in drug and gene delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Wei H, Pahang J, Pun SH. Optimization of brush-like cationic copolymers for nonviral gene delivery. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:275-84. [PMID: 23240866 PMCID: PMC3544971 DOI: 10.1021/bm301747r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is one of the most broadly used polycations for gene delivery due to its high transfection efficiency and commercial availability but materials are cytotoxic and often polydisperse. The goal of current work is to develop an alternative family of polycations based on controlled living radical polymerization (CLRP) and to optimize the polymer structure for efficient gene delivery. In this study, well-defined poly(glycidyl methacrylate)(P(GMA)) homopolymers were synthesized using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization followed by decoration using three different types of oligoamines, i.e., tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA), and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TREN), respectively, to generate various P(GMA-oligoamine) homopolycations. The effect of P(GMA) backbone length and structure of oligoamine on gene transfer efficiency was then determined. The optimal polymer, P(GMA-TEPA)(50), provided comparable transfection efficiency but lower cytotoxicity than PEI. P(GMA-TEPA)(50) was then used as the cationic block in diblock copolymers containing hydrophilic N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA). Polyplexes of block copolymers were stable against aggregation in physiological salt condition and in Opti-MEM due to the shielding effect of P(HPMA) and P(OEGMA). However, the presence of the HPMA/OEGMA block significantly decreased the transfection efficacy of P(GMA-TEPA)(50) homopolycation. To compensate for reduced cell uptake caused by the hydrophilic shell of polyplex, the integrin-binding peptide, RGD, was conjugated to the hydrophilic chain end of P(OEGMA)(15)-b-P(GMA-TEPA)(50) copolymer by Michael-type addition reaction. At low polymer to DNA ratios, the RGD-functionalized polymer showed increased gene delivery efficiency to HeLa cells compared to analogous polymers lacking RGD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wei
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - JoshuelA Pahang
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Suzie H. Pun
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Chen W, Zhong P, Meng F, Cheng R, Deng C, Feijen J, Zhong Z. Redox and pH-responsive degradable micelles for dually activated intracellular anticancer drug release. J Control Release 2013; 169:171-9. [PMID: 23306022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Redox and pH dual-responsive biodegradable micelles were developed based on poly(ethylene glycol)-SS-poly(2,4,6-trimethoxybenzylidene-pentaerythritol carbonate) (PEG-SS-PTMBPEC) copolymer and investigated for intracellular doxorubicin (DOX) release. PEG-SS-PTMBPEC copolymer with an Mn of 5.0-4.1kg/mol formed micellar particles with an average diameter of 140nm and a low polydispersity of 0.12. DOX was loaded into PEG-SS-PTMBPEC micelles with a decent drug loading content of 11.3wt.%. The in vitro release studies showed that under physiological conditions only ca. 24.5% DOX was released from DOX-loaded micelles in 21h. The release of DOX was significantly accelerated at pH5.0 or in the presence of 10mM glutathione (GSH) at pH7.4, in which 62.8% and 74.3% of DOX was released, respectively, in 21h. The drug release was further boosted under 10mM GSH and pH 5.0 conditions, with 94.2% of DOX released in 10h. Notably, DOX release was also facilitated by 2 or 4h incubation at pH 5.0 and then at pH 7.4 with 10mM GSH, which mimics the intracellular pathways of endocytosed micellar drugs. Confocal microscopy observation indicated that DOX was delivered and released into the nuclei of HeLa cells following 8h incubation with DOX-loaded PEG-SS-PTMBPEC micelles, while DOX was mainly located in the cytoplasm for reduction-insensitive PEG-PTMBPEC controls. MTT assays revealed that DOX-loaded PEG-SS-PTMBPEC micelles had higher anti-tumor activity than reduction-insensitive controls, with low IC50 of 0.75 and 0.60μg/mL for HeLa and RAW 264.7 cells, respectively, following 48h incubation. PEG-SS-PTMBPEC micelles displayed low cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 1.0mg/mL. These redox and pH dual-bioresponsive degradable micelles have appeared as a promising platform for targeted intracellular anticancer drug release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Jia L, Li Z, Zhang D, Zhang Q, Shen J, Guo H, Tian X, Liu G, Zheng D, Qi L. Redox-responsive catiomer based on PEG-ss-chitosan oligosaccharide-ss-polyethylenimine copolymer for effective gene delivery. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20781h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
58
|
Ge Z, Liu S. Functional block copolymer assemblies responsive to tumor and intracellular microenvironments for site-specific drug delivery and enhanced imaging performance. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:7289-325. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60048c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 752] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
59
|
Wei H, Schellinger JG, Chu DSH, Pun SH. Neuron-targeted copolymers with sheddable shielding blocks synthesized using a reducible, RAFT-ATRP double-head agent. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:16554-7. [PMID: 23013485 DOI: 10.1021/ja3085803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation of in vitro optimized polymeric gene delivery systems for in vivo use remains a significant challenge. Most in vivo applications require particles that are sterically stabilized, which significantly compromises transfection efficiency of materials shown to be effective in vitro. We present a multifunctional well-defined block copolymer that forms particles useful for cell targeting, reversible shielding, endosomal release, and DNA condensation. We show that targeted and stabilized particles retain transfection efficiencies comparable to the nonstabilized formulations. A novel, double-head agent that combines a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer agent and an atom transfer radical polymerization initiator through a disulfide linkage is used to synthesize a well-defined cationic block copolymer containing a hydrophilic oligoethyleneglycol and a tetraethylenepentamine-grafted polycation. This material effectively condenses plasmid DNA into salt-stable particles that deshield under intracellular reducing conditions. In vitro transfection studies show that the reversibly shielded polyplexes afford up to 10-fold higher transfection efficiencies than the analogous stably shielded polymer in four different mammalian cell lines. To compensate for reduced cell uptake caused by the hydrophilic particle shell, a neuron-targeting peptide is further conjugated to the terminus of the block copolymer. Transfection of neuron-like, differentiated PC-12 cells demonstrates that combining both targeting and deshielding in stabilized particles yields formulations that are suitable for in vivo delivery without compromising in vitro transfection efficiency and are thus promising carriers for in vivo gene delivery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wei
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Samal SK, Dash M, Van Vlierberghe S, Kaplan DL, Chiellini E, van Blitterswijk C, Moroni L, Dubruel P. Cationic polymers and their therapeutic potential. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:7147-94. [PMID: 22885409 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35094g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed enormous research focused on cationic polymers. Cationic polymers are the subject of intense research as non-viral gene delivery systems, due to their flexible properties, facile synthesis, robustness and proven gene delivery efficiency. Here, we review the most recent scientific advances in cationic polymers and their derivatives not only for gene delivery purposes but also for various alternative therapeutic applications. An overview of the synthesis and preparation of cationic polymers is provided along with their inherent bioactive and intrinsic therapeutic potential. In addition, cationic polymer based biomedical materials are covered. Major progress in the fields of drug and gene delivery as well as tissue engineering applications is summarized in the present review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangram Keshari Samal
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Wei R, Cheng L, Zheng M, Cheng R, Meng F, Deng C, Zhong Z. Reduction-Responsive Disassemblable Core-Cross-Linked Micelles Based on Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(N-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylamide)–Lipoic Acid Conjugates for Triggered Intracellular Anticancer Drug Release. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2429-38. [DOI: 10.1021/bm3006819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongran Wei
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and
Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic
of China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and
Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic
of China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and
Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic
of China
| | - Ru Cheng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and
Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic
of China
| | - Fenghua Meng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and
Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic
of China
| | - Chao Deng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and
Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic
of China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and
Jiangsu Key Laboratory
of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic
of China
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Zhang G, Liu J, Yang Q, Zhuo R, Jiang X. Disulfide-containing brushed polyethylenimine derivative synthesized by click chemistry for nonviral gene delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1290-9. [PMID: 22616912 DOI: 10.1021/bc300133r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyaspartamide-based disulfide-containing brushed polyethylenimine derivatives P(Asp-Az)X-SS-PEIs were synthesized via click chemistry and evaluated as nonviral gene delivery carrier. First, azide-functional poly(aspartic acid) derivatives with various azide-group densities and monoalkyne-terminated PEI with disulfide linkages were synthesized. Then, click reaction between the azide-functional poly(aspartic acid) derivative as main chain and the monoalkyne-terminated PEI as branched chain resulted in high-molecular-weight disulfide-containing brushed PEI derivative. The structure of obtained polymers was confirmed by (1)H NMR and FTIR. It was shown that the disulfide-containing P(Asp-Az)X-SS-PEIs were able to bind plasmid DNA and condense DNA into small positive nanoparticles. The reduction-sensitivity of the P(Asp-Az)X-SS-PEI/DNA polyplexes was confirmed by gel retardation assay and dynamic light scattering (DLS) in the presence of DTT. In vitro experiments revealed that the reducible P(Asp-Az)X-SS-PEI not only had much lower cytotoxicity, but also posed high transfection activity (both in the presence and absence of serum) as compared to the control nondegradable 25 kDa PEI. This study indicates that a reducibly degradable brushed polymer P(Asp-Az)X-SS-PEI composed of low-molecular-weight (LMW) PEI via a disulfide-containing linkage can be a promising gene delivery carrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
63
|
Cheng R, Wang X, Chen W, Meng F, Deng C, Liu H, Zhong Z. Biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone)-g-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) graft copolymer micelles as superior nano-carriers for “smart” doxorubicin release. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm30700f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
64
|
Zhai X, Wang W, Wang C, Wang Q, Liu W. PDMAEMA-b-polysulfobetaine brushes-modified ε-polylysine as a serum-resistant vector for highly efficient gene delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm35502g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|