Stimuli-Responsive Zwitterionic Block Copolypeptides: Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-poly(lysine-co-glutamic acid)

pH-sensitive supramolecular polypeptide-based micelles and reverse micelles mediated by hydrogen-bonding interactions or host-guest chemistry: characterization and in vitro controlled drug release

A versatile strategy is provided for the fabrication of pH-sensitive polypeptide-based normal micelles and reverse micelles from the same polypeptide-based copolymers via hydrogen-bonding interactions or host-guest chemistry. The pH-sensitive self-assembly of both linear and dendron-like/linear poly(L-glutamic acid)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (Dm-PLG-b-PEO) block copolymers was investigated in detail by means of UV-vis, dynamic light scattering, NMR, fluorescence spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. It was demonstrated that both the copolymer topology and the composition controlled the morphology of the polypeptide-cored normal micelles. Importantly, a novel class of polypeptide-shelled reverse micelles was for the first time generated by host-guest-chemistry-mediated self-assembly of these copolymers and alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) in alkaline solution. The supramolecular inclusion complexation between PEO and alpha-CD was confirmed by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and NMR. Moreover, the zeta potential of the reverse micelles ranged from -20.2 to -24.2 mV, convincingly demonstrating that the reverse micelles had an anionic PLG shell. Furthermore, the anticancer doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles fabricated from the dendron-like/linear copolymer showed a higher DOX loading efficiency (38%) and capacity (24%) and sustained a longer drug-release period (approximately 70 days) than the linear counterpart. Consequently, this will provide a platform for the fabrication of supramolecular polypeptide-cored and polypeptide-shelled micelles for the anticancer drug delivery systems.

Polymer-peptide block copolymers - an overview and assessment of synthesis methods

Incorporating peptide blocks into block copolymers opens up new realms of bioactive or smart materials. Because there are such a variety of peptides, polymers, and hybrid architectures that can be imagined, there are many different routes available for the synthesis of these chimera molecules. This review summarizes the contemporary strategies in combining synthesis techniques to create well-defined peptide-polymer hybrids that retain the vital aspects of each disparate block. Living polymerization can be united with the molecular-level control afforded by peptide blocks to yield block copolymers that not only have precisely defined primary structures, but that also interact with other (bio)molecules in a well defined manner.