51
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Martin MD, Baker JD, Suntharalingam A, Nordhues BA, Shelton LB, Zheng D, Sabbagh JJ, Haystead TA, Gestwicki JE, Dickey CA. Inhibition of Both Hsp70 Activity and Tau Aggregation in Vitro Best Predicts Tau Lowering Activity of Small Molecules. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2041-8. [PMID: 27177119 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three scaffolds with inhibitory activity against the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family of chaperones have been found to enhance the degradation of the microtubule associated protein tau in cells, neurons, and brain tissue. This is important because tau accumulation is linked to neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Here, we expanded upon this study to investigate the anti-tau efficacy of additional scaffolds with Hsp70 inhibitory activity. Five of the nine scaffolds tested lowered tau levels, with the rhodacyanine and phenothiazine scaffolds exhibiting the highest potency as previously described. Because phenothiazines also inhibit tau aggregation in vitro, we suspected that this activity might be a more accurate predictor of tau lowering. Interestingly, the rhodacyanines did inhibit in vitro tau aggregation to a similar degree as phenothiazines, correlating well with tau-lowering efficacy in cells and ex vivo slices. Moreover, other Hsp70 inhibitor scaffolds with weaker tau-lowering activity in cells inhibited tau aggregation in vitro, albeit at lower potencies. When we tested six well-characterized tau aggregation inhibitors, we determined that this mechanism of action was not a better predictor of tau-lowering than Hsp70 inhibition. Instead, we found that compounds possessing both activities were the most effective at promoting tau clearance. Moreover, cytotoxicity and PAINS activity are critical factors that can lead to false-positive lead identification. Strategies designed around these principles will likely yield more efficacious tau-lowering compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie D. Martin
- Department of Molecular
Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
| | - Jeremy D. Baker
- Department of Molecular
Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
| | - Amirthaa Suntharalingam
- Department of Molecular
Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
| | - Bryce A. Nordhues
- Department of Molecular
Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
| | - Lindsey B. Shelton
- Department of Molecular
Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
| | - Dali Zheng
- Department of Molecular
Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
| | - Jonathan J. Sabbagh
- Department of Molecular
Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
| | - Timothy A.J. Haystead
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Jason E. Gestwicki
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Chad A. Dickey
- Department of Molecular
Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
- James A. Haley Veteran’s Hospital, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
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52
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Xu L, Zheng J, Margittai M, Nussinov R, Ma B. How Does Hyperphopsphorylation Promote Tau Aggregation and Modulate Filament Structure and Stability? ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:565-75. [PMID: 26854860 PMCID: PMC7831686 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau proteins are hyperphosphorylated at common sites in their N- and C-terminal domains in at least three neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Alzheimer's, suggesting specific pathology but general mechanism. Full-length human tau filament comprises a rigid core and a two-layered fuzzy coat. Tau is categorized into two groups of isoforms, with either four repeats (R1-R4) or three repeats (R1, R3, and R4); their truncated constructs are respectively called K18 and K19. Using multiscale molecular dynamics simulations, we explored the conformational consequences of hyperhposphorylation on tau's repeats. Our lower conformational energy filament models suggest a rigid filament core with a radius of ∼30 to 40 Å and an outer layer with a thickness of ∼140 Å consisting of a double-layered polyelectrolyte. The presence of the phosphorylated terminal domains alters the relative stabilities in the K18 ensemble, thus shifting the populations of the full-length filaments. However, the structure with the straight repeats in the core region is still the most stable, similar to the truncated K18 peptide species without the N- and C-terminus. Our simulations across different scales of resolution consistently reveal that hyperphosphorylation of the two terminal domains decreases the attractive interactions among the N- and C-terminus and repeat domain. To date, the relationship on the conformational level between phosphorylation and aggregation has not been understood. Our results suggest that the exposure of the repeat domain upon hyperphosphorylation could enhance tau filament aggregation. Thus, we discovered that even though these neurodegenerative diseases vary and their associated tau filaments are phosphorylated to different extents, remarkably, the three pathologies appear to share a common tau aggregation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Martin Margittai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Buyong Ma
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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53
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Rossi G, Tagliavini F. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: old knowledge and new insight into the pathogenetic mechanisms of tau mutations. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:192. [PMID: 26528178 PMCID: PMC4604311 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a group of heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases which includes tauopathies. In the central nervous system (CNS) tau is the major microtubule-associated protein (MAP) of neurons, promoting assembly and stabilization of microtubules (MTs) required for morphogenesis and axonal transport. Primary tauopathies are characterized by deposition of abnormal fibrils of tau in neuronal and glial cells, leading to neuronal death, brain atrophy and eventually dementia. In genetic tauopathies mutations of tau gene impair the ability of tau to bind to MTs, alter the normal ratio among tau isoforms and favor fibril formation. Recently, additional functions have been ascribed to tau and different pathogenetic mechanisms are then emerging. In fact, a role of tau in DNA protection and genome stability has been reported and chromosome aberrations have been found associated with tau mutations. Furthermore, newly structurally and functionally characterized mutations have suggested novel pathological features, such as a tendency to form oligomeric rather than fibrillar aggregates. Tau mutations affecting axonal transport and plasma membrane interaction have also been described. In this article, we will review the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying tau mutations, focusing in particular on the less common aspects, so far poorly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomina Rossi
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milano, Italy
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Deger JM, Gerson JE, Kayed R. The interrelationship of proteasome impairment and oligomeric intermediates in neurodegeneration. Aging Cell 2015; 14:715-24. [PMID: 26053162 PMCID: PMC4568959 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the accumulation of amyloidogenic proteins such as tau, α-synuclein, and amyloid-β. Prior to the formation of these stable aggregates, intermediate species of the respective proteins-oligomers-appear. Recently acquired data have shown that oligomers may be the most toxic and pathologically significant to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The covalent modification of these oligomers may be critically important for biological processes in disease. Ubiquitin and small ubiquitin-like modifiers are the commonly used tags for degradation. While the modification of large amyloid aggregates by ubiquitination is well established, very little is known about the role ubiquitin may play in oligomer processing and the importance of the more recently discovered sumoylation. Many proteins involved in neurodegeneration have been found to be sumoylated, notably tau protein in brains afflicted with Alzheimer's. This evidence suggests that while the cell may not have difficulty recognizing dangerous proteins, in brains afflicted with neurodegenerative disease, the proteasome may be unable to properly digest the tagged proteins. This would allow toxic aggregates to develop, leading to even more proteasome impairment in a snowball effect that could explain the exponential progression in most neurodegenerative diseases. A better understanding of the covalent modifications of oligomers could have a huge impact on the development of therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. This review will focus on the proteolysis of tau and other amyloidogenic proteins induced by covalent modification, and recent findings suggesting a relationship between tau oligomers and sumoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Deger
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases University of Texas Medical Branch 301 University Building, Medical Research Building Galveston TX 77555‐1045 USA
| | - Julia E. Gerson
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases University of Texas Medical Branch 301 University Building, Medical Research Building Galveston TX 77555‐1045 USA
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases University of Texas Medical Branch 301 University Building, Medical Research Building Galveston TX 77555‐1045 USA
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55
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Violet M, Chauderlier A, Delattre L, Tardivel M, Chouala MS, Sultan A, Marciniak E, Humez S, Binder L, Kayed R, Lefebvre B, Bonnefoy E, Buée L, Galas MC. Prefibrillar Tau oligomers alter the nucleic acid protective function of Tau in hippocampal neurons in vivo. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 82:540-551. [PMID: 26385829 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of DNA and RNA oxidative damage is observed in cortical and hippocampal neurons from Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains at early stages of pathology. We recently reported that Tau is a key nuclear player in the protection of neuronal nucleic acid integrity in vivo under physiological conditions and hyperthermia, a strong inducer of oxidative stress. In a mouse model of tauopathy (THY-Tau22), we demonstrate that hyperthermia selectively induces nucleic acid oxidative damage and nucleic acid strand breaks in the nucleus and cytoplasm of hippocampal neurons that display early Tau phosphorylation but no Tau fibrils. Nucleic acid-damaged neurons were exclusively immunoreactive for prefibrillar Tau oligomers. A similar association between prefibrillar Tau oligomers and nucleic acid oxidative damage was observed in AD brains. Pretreatment with Methylene Blue (MB), a Tau aggregation inhibitor and a redox cycler, reduced hyperthermia-induced Tau oligomerization as well as nucleic acid damage. This study clearly highlights the existence of an early and critical time frame for hyperthermia-induced Tau oligomerization, which most likely occurs through increased oxidative stress, and nucleic acid vulnerability during the progression of Tau pathology. These results suggest that at early stages of AD, Tau oligomerization triggers the loss of the nucleic acid protective function of monomeric Tau. This study highlights the existence of a short therapeutic window in which to prevent the formation of pathological forms of Tau and their harmful consequences on nucleic acid integrity during the progression of Tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Violet
- Inserm, UMRS1172, JPArc, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, 1 rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille, France; Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France; CHRU, Memory Clinic, Lille, France
| | - Alban Chauderlier
- Inserm, UMRS1172, JPArc, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, 1 rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille, France; Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France; CHRU, Memory Clinic, Lille, France
| | - Lucie Delattre
- Inserm, UMRS1172, JPArc, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, 1 rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille, France; Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France; CHRU, Memory Clinic, Lille, France
| | - Meryem Tardivel
- Inserm, UMRS1172, JPArc, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, 1 rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille, France; Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France; CHRU, Memory Clinic, Lille, France
| | - Meliza Sendid Chouala
- Inserm, UMRS1172, JPArc, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, 1 rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille, France; Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France; CHRU, Memory Clinic, Lille, France
| | - Audrey Sultan
- Inserm, UMRS1172, JPArc, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, 1 rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille, France; Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France; CHRU, Memory Clinic, Lille, France
| | - Elodie Marciniak
- Inserm, UMRS1172, JPArc, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, 1 rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille, France; Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France; CHRU, Memory Clinic, Lille, France
| | - Sandrine Humez
- Inserm, UMRS1172, JPArc, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, 1 rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille, France; Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France; CHRU, Memory Clinic, Lille, France
| | - Lester Binder
- Department of Translational Science & Molecular Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 333 Bostwick Ave. NE, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Department of Neurology, George and Cynthia Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Medical Research Building, Room 10.138C, Galveston, TX 77555-1045, USA; Department of Neuroscience & Cell Biology, George and Cynthia Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Medical Research Building, Room 10.138C, Galveston, TX 77555-1045, USA
| | - Bruno Lefebvre
- Inserm, UMRS1172, JPArc, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, 1 rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille, France; Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France; CHRU, Memory Clinic, Lille, France
| | - Eliette Bonnefoy
- Inserm UMRS 1007, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Inserm, UMRS1172, JPArc, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, 1 rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille, France; Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France; CHRU, Memory Clinic, Lille, France
| | - Marie-Christine Galas
- Inserm, UMRS1172, JPArc, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, 1 rue Polonovski, 59045 Lille, France; Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France; CHRU, Memory Clinic, Lille, France.
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56
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Salama M, Mohamed WM. NDUFA12L mitochondrial complex-I assembly factor: Implications for taupathies. Appl Transl Genom 2015; 5:37-9. [PMID: 26937358 PMCID: PMC4745364 DOI: 10.1016/j.atg.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong correlation between taupathies and the development and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Abnormal tau becomes hyperphosphorylated and dissociated from microtubules with the aggregation of intracellular tau aggregates within the patient's brain. The current review is divided into two broad sections. In the first section we discuss the molecular biology and the clinicopathologic features of taupathies. While in the second section we discuss the relationship between mitochondrial complex-I and taupathies. Polymorphism in NDUFA12L may be a crucial factor for development of neurodegenerative taupathies. Thus NDUFA12L screening may be an early biomarker for identifying risk groups for such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wael M.Y. Mohamed
- Clinical Pharmacology Dept, Menoufia Medical School, Menoufia University, Egypt
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57
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Martin MD, Calcul L, Smith C, Jinwal UK, Fontaine SN, Darling A, Seeley K, Wojtas L, Narayan M, Gestwicki JE, Smith GR, Reitz AB, Baker BJ, Dickey CA. Synthesis, stereochemical analysis, and derivatization of myricanol provide new probes that promote autophagic tau clearance. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1099-109. [PMID: 25588114 DOI: 10.1021/cb501013w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We previously discovered that one specific scalemic preparation of myricanol (1), a constituent of Myrica cerifera (bayberry/southern wax myrtle) root bark, could lower the levels of the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT). The significance is that tau accumulates in a number of neurodegenerative diseases, the most common being Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, a new synthetic route to prepare myricanol using a suitable boronic acid pinacol ester intermediate is reported. An X-ray crystal structure of the isolated myricanol (1) was obtained and showed a co-crystal consisting of (+)-aR,11S-myricanol (2) and (-)-aS,11R-myricanol (3) coformers. Surprisingly, 3, obtained from chiral separation from 1, reduced tau levels in both cultured cells and ex vivo brain slices from a mouse model of tauopathy at reasonable mid-to-low micromolar potency, whereas 2 did not. SILAC proteomics and cell assays revealed that 3 promoted tau degradation through an autophagic mechanism, which was in contrast to that of other tau-lowering compounds previously identified by our group. During the course of structure-activity relationship (SAR) development, we prepared compound 13 by acid-catalyzed dehydration of 1. 13 had undergone an unexpected structural rearrangement through the isomyricanol substitution pattern (e.g., 16), as verified by X-ray structural analysis. Compound 13 displayed robust tau-lowering activity, and, importantly, its enantiomers reduced tau levels similarly. Therefore, the semisynthetic analogue 13 provides a foundation for further development as a tau-lowering agent without its SAR being based on chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie D. Martin
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
| | - Laurent Calcul
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Courtney Smith
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Umesh K. Jinwal
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
| | - Sarah N. Fontaine
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
| | - April Darling
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
| | - Kent Seeley
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Malathi Narayan
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
| | - Jason E. Gestwicki
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Garry R. Smith
- ALS Biopharma, LLC, 3805
Old Easton Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Allen B. Reitz
- ALS Biopharma, LLC, 3805
Old Easton Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Bill J. Baker
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Chad A. Dickey
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
- James A. Haley Veteran’s Hospital, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
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