51
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Lu Y, Dutschke PD, Kinas J, Hepp A, Jin GX, Hahn FE. Organometallic Borromean Rings and [2]Catenanes Featuring Di-NHC Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217681. [PMID: 36629746 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We report herein a series of organometallic Borromean rings (BRs) and [2]catenanes prepared from benzobiscarbene ligands. The reaction of dinickel complexes of the benzobiscarbenes 1 a-1 c with a thiazolothiazole bridged bipyridyl ligand L2 led by self-assembly to a series of organometallic BRs. Solvophobic effects played a crucial role in the formation and stability of the interlocked species. The stability of BRs is related to the N-alkyl substituents at the precursors 1 a-1 c, where longer alkyl substitutes improve stability and inter-ring interactions. Solvophobic effects are also important for the stability of [2]catenanes prepared from 1 a-1 c and a flexible bipyridyl ligand L3 . In solution, an equilibrium between the [2]catenanes and their macrocyclic building blocks was observed. High proportions of [2]catenanes were obtained in concentrated solutions or polar solvents. The proportion of [2]catenanes in solution could be further enhanced by lengthening of the N-alkyl substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lu
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Patrick D Dutschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jenny Kinas
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - F Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
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52
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Sakata Y, Nakamura R, Hibi T, Akine S. Speed Tuning of the Formation/Dissociation of a Metallorotaxane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217048. [PMID: 36628483 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Switching between the formation/dissociation of rotaxanes is important to control the function of various types of rotaxane-based materials. We have developed a convenient and simple strategy, the so-called "accelerator addition", to make a static rotaxane dynamic without apparently affecting the chemical structure. As an interlocked molecule that enables tuning of the formation/dissociation speed, a metallorotaxane was quantitatively generated by the complexation of a triptycene-based dumbbell-shaped mononuclear complex, [PdL2 ]2+ (L=2,3-diaminotriptycene), with 27C9. As a result of the inertness of the Pd2+ -based coordination structure, the metallorotaxane was slowly formed (the static state). This rotaxane formation was accelerated 27 times simply by adding Br- as an accelerator (the dynamic state). A similar drastic acceleration was also demonstrated during the dissociation process when Cs+ was added to the metallorotaxane to form the free axle [PdL2 ]2+ and the 27C9-Cs+ complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Sakata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakamura
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hibi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Akine
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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53
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Benke BP, Kirschbaum T, Graf J, Gross JH, Mastalerz M. Dimeric and trimeric catenation of giant chiral [8 + 12] imine cubes driven by weak supramolecular interactions. Nat Chem 2023; 15:413-423. [PMID: 36456691 PMCID: PMC9986109 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01094-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked structures, such as catenanes and rotaxanes, are fascinating synthetic targets and some are used for molecular switches and machines. Today, the vast majority of catenated structures are built upon macrocycles and only a very few examples of three-dimensional shape-persistent organic cages forming such structures have been reported. However, the catenation in all these cases was based on a thermodynamically favoured π-π-stacking under certain reaction conditions. Here, we show that catenane formation can be induced by adding methoxy or thiomethyl groups to one of the precursors during the synthesis of chiral [8 + 12] imine cubes, giving dimeric and trimeric catenated organic cages. To elucidate the underlying driving forces, we reacted 11 differently 1,4-disubstituted terephthaldehydes with a chiral triamino tribenzotriquinacene under various conditions to study whether monomeric cages or catenated cage dimers are the preferred products. We find that catenation is mainly directed by weak interactions derived from the substituents rather than by π-stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahiru Punja Benke
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kirschbaum
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Graf
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen H Gross
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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54
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Zhang HN, Feng HJ, Lin YJ, Jin GX. Cation-Templated Assembly of 6 13 and 6 23 Metalla-Links. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4746-4756. [PMID: 36716227 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Facilitated by multiple stacking interactions between components, two kinds of metalla-links containing molecular Borromean rings (623 links) and head-to-tail cyclic [3]catenanes (613 links), as isomers, were constructed in high yield by introducing tri-μ-methoxyl-dinuclear complexes [(Cp*M)2(μ-OCH3)3][OTf] (M = RhIII or IrIII, Cp* = η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, OTf = triflate) as unusual cationic guests during coordination-driven assembly. The topology of these intricate structures was controlled by strategically selecting two dipyridyl ligands that differ in their coordination orientations, as evidenced by X-ray crystallography and electrospray ionization-time-of-flight/mass spectrometry analysis. The behavior of the abovementioned metalla-links in solution was monitored and further studied by the detailed NMR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ning Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Jun Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Jian Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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55
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Cáceres-Vásquez J, Jara DH, Costamagna J, Martínez-Gómez F, Silva CP, Lemus L, Freire E, Baggio R, Vera C, Guerrero J. Effect of non-covalent self-dimerization on the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of mixed Cu(i) complexes. RSC Adv 2023; 13:825-838. [PMID: 36686905 PMCID: PMC9810106 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05341a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of six new Cu(i) complexes with ([Cu(N-{4-R}pyridine-2-yl-methanimine)(PPh3)Br]) formulation, where R corresponds to a donor or acceptor p-substituent, have been synthesized and were used to study self-association effects on their structural and electrochemical properties. X-ray diffraction results showed that in all complexes the packing is organized from a dimer generated by supramolecular π stacking and hydrogen bonding. 1H-NMR experiments at several concentrations showed that all complexes undergo a fast-self-association monomer-dimer equilibrium in solution, while changes in resonance frequency towards the high or low field in specific protons of the imine ligand allow establishing that dimers have similar structures to those found in the crystal. The thermodynamic parameters for this self-association process were calculated from dimerization constants determined by VT-1H-NMR experiments for several concentrations at different temperatures. The values for K D (4.0 to 70.0 M-1 range), ΔH (-1.4 to -2.6 kcal mol-1 range), ΔS (-0.2 to 2.1 cal mol-1 K-1 range), and ΔG 298 (-0.8 to -2.0 kcal mol-1 range) are of the same order and indicate that the self-dimerization process is enthalpically driven for all complexes. The electrochemical profile of the complexes shows two redox Cu(ii)/Cu(i) processes whose relative intensities are sensitive to concentration changes, indicating that both species are in chemical equilibrium, with the monomer and the dimer having different electrochemical characteristics. We associate this behaviour with the structural lability of the Cu(i) centre that allows the monomeric molecules to reorder conformationally to achieve a more adequate assembly in the non-covalent dimer. As expected, structural properties in the solid and in solution, as well as their electrochemical properties, are not correlated with the electronic parameters usually used to evaluate R substituent effects. This confirms that the properties of the Cu(i) complexes are usually more influenced by steric effects than by the inductive effects of substituents of the ligands. In fact, the results obtained showed the importance of non-covalent intermolecular interactions in the structuring of the coordination geometry around the Cu centre and in the coordinative stability to avoid dissociative equilibria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Cáceres-Vásquez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos de Coordinación y Química Supramolecular, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileAv. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Danilo H. Jara
- Facultad de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo IbáñezAv. Padre Hurtado 750Viña del MarChile
| | - Juan Costamagna
- Laboratorio de Compuestos de Coordinación y Química Supramolecular, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileAv. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile,Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Fabián Martínez-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos de Coordinación y Química Supramolecular, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileAv. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile,Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Carlos P. Silva
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Luis Lemus
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Eleonora Freire
- Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía AtómicaAvenida Gral. Paz 1499, 1650, San MartínBuenos AiresArgentina,Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina and Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía AtómicaBuenos AiresArgentina,Member of CONICETArgentina
| | - Ricardo Baggio
- Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía AtómicaAvenida Gral. Paz 1499, 1650, San MartínBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Cristian Vera
- Laboratorio de Compuestos de Coordinación y Química Supramolecular, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileAv. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Juan Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Compuestos de Coordinación y Química Supramolecular, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileAv. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
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56
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Chen X, Chen H, Fraser Stoddart J. The Story of the Little Blue Box: A Tribute to Siegfried Hünig. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211387. [PMID: 36131604 PMCID: PMC10099103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The tetracationic cyclophane, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene), also known as the little blue box, constitutes a modular receptor that has facilitated the discovery of many host-guest complexes and mechanically interlocked molecules during the past 35 years. Its versatility in binding small π-donors in its tetracationic state, as well as forming trisradical tricationic complexes with viologen radical cations in its doubly reduced bisradical dicationic state, renders it valuable for the construction of various stimuli-responsive materials. Since the first reports in 1988, the little blue box has been featured in over 500 publications in the literature. All this research activity would not have been possible without the seminal contributions carried out by Siegfried Hünig, who not only pioneered the syntheses of viologen-containing cyclophanes, but also revealed their rich redox chemistry in addition to their ability to undergo intramolecular π-dimerization. This Review describes how his pioneering research led to the design and synthesis of the little blue box, and how this redox-active host evolved into the key component of molecular shuttles, switches, and machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Yang Chen
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou311215China
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou311215China
- School of ChemistryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
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57
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58
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Li Z, Chen M, Chen Z, Zhu YL, Guo C, Wang H, Qin Y, Fang F, Wang D, Su C, He C, Yu X, Lu ZY, Li X. Non-equilibrium Nanoassemblies Constructed by Confined Coordination on a Polymer Chain. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22651-22661. [PMID: 36411055 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Biological systems employ non-equilibrium self-assembly to create ordered nanoarchitectures with sophisticated functions. However, it is challenging to construct artificial non-equilibrium nanoassemblies due to lack of control over assembly dynamics and kinetics. Herein, we design a series of linear polymers with different side groups for further coordination-driven self-assembly based on shape-complementarity. Such a design introduces a main-chain confinement which effectively slows down the assembly process of side groups, thus allowing us to monitor the real-time evolution of lychee-like nanostructures. The function related to the non-equilibrium nature is further explored by performing photothermal conversion study. The ability to observe and capture non-equilibrium states in this supramolecular system will enhance our understanding of the thermodynamic and kinetic features as well as functions of living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.,Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - You-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Chenliang Su
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Chuanxin He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Xiujun Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.,Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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59
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Du C, Li Z, Zhu X, Ouyang G, Liu M. Hierarchically self-assembled homochiral helical microtoroids. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:1294-1302. [PMID: 36329269 PMCID: PMC9747612 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01234-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating microscale helical structures from small molecules remains challenging due to the disfavoured torsion energy of twisted architectures and elusory chirality control at different hierarchical levels of assemblies. Here we report a combined solution-interface-directed assembly strategy for the formation of hierarchically self-assembled helical microtoroids with micrometre-scale lengths. A drop-evaporation assembly protocol on a solid substrate from pre-assembled intermediate colloids of enantiomeric binaphthalene bisurea compounds leads to microtoroids with preferred helicity, which depends on the molecular chirality of the starting enantiomers. Collective variable-temperature spectroscopic analyses, electron microscopy characterizations and theoretical simulations reveal a mechanism that simultaneously induces aggregation and cyclization to impart a favourable handedness to the final microtoroidal structures. We then use monodispersed luminescent helical toroids as chiral light-harvesting antenna and show excellent Förster resonance energy transfer ability to a co-hosted chiral acceptor dye, leading to unique circularly polarized luminescence. Our results shed light on the potential of the combined solution-interface-directed self-assembly approach in directing hierarchical chirality control and may advance the prospect of chiral superstructures at a higher length scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Du
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zujian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghui Ouyang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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60
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Feng HN, Sun Z, Chen S, Zhang ZH, Li Z, Zhong Z, Sun T, Ma Y, Zhang L. A Star of David [2]catenane of single handedness. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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61
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Becchi M, Capelli R, Perego C, Pavan GM, Micheletti C. Density-tunable pathway complexity in a minimalistic self-assembly model. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:8106-8116. [PMID: 36239129 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00968d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An open challenge in self-assembly is learning how to design systems that can be conditionally guided towards different target structures depending on externally-controlled conditions. Using a theoretical and numerical approach, here we discuss a minimalistic self-assembly model that can be steered towards different types of ordered constructs at the equilibrium by solely tuning a facile selection parameter, namely the density of building blocks. Metadynamics and Langevin dynamics simulations allow us to explore the behavior of the system in and out of equilibrium conditions. We show that the density-driven tunability is encoded in the pathway complexity of the system, and specifically in the competition between two different main self-assembly routes. A comprehensive set of simulations provides insight into key factors allowing to make one self-assembling pathway prevailing on the other (or vice versa), determining the selection of the final self-assembled products. We formulate and validate a practical criterion for checking whether a specific molecular design is predisposed for such density-driven tunability of the products, thus offering a new, broader perspective to realize and harness this facile extrinsic control of conditional self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Becchi
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati - SISSA, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Capelli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Perego
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Polo Universitario Lugano, Campus Est, Via la Santa 1, 6962 Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni M Pavan
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Polo Universitario Lugano, Campus Est, Via la Santa 1, 6962 Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Cristian Micheletti
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati - SISSA, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
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62
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The synthesis and near-infrared photothermal conversion of organometallic interdigitated complex and “U” type macrocycles. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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63
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Zhang W, Zhao J, Yang D. Anion-Coordination-Driven Assembly: From Discrete Supramolecular Self-Assemblies to Functional Soft Materials. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200294. [PMID: 36410745 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Anion templated assembly of supramolecular systems has been extensively explored in previous reports, whereas anions serve only as an auxiliary and spectator role. With the development of anion coordination chemistry in recent years, anion coordination-driven assembly (ACDA) has emerged as a new strategy for the construction of supramolecular self-assemblies. Anions are proved to exist as the main actors in the construction of supramolecular architectures, i. e., serve as the coordination center. This Review will focus on the recent progress in anion-coordination-driven assembly of discrete supramolecular architectures, such as helicates, polyhedrons and polygons, and the various applications of 'aniono'-systems. At the end of this Review, we highlight current challenges and opportunities for future research of anion-coordination-driven self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, P. R. China
| | - Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
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64
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O'Keeffe M, Treacy MMJ. Piecewise-linear embeddings of decussate extended θ graphs and tetrahedra. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2022; 78:498-506. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322008750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An nθ graph is an n-valent graph with two vertices. From symmetry considerations, it has vertex–edge transitivity 1 1. Here, they are considered extended with divalent vertices added to the edges to explore the simplest piecewise-linear tangled embeddings with straight, non-intersecting edges (sticks). The simplest tangles found are those with 3n sticks, transitivity 2 2, and with 2⌊(n − 1)/2⌋ ambient-anisotopic tangles. The simplest finite and 1-, 2- and 3-periodic decussate structures (links and tangles) are described. These include finite cubic and icosahedral and 1- and 3-periodic links, all with minimal transitivity. The paper also presents the simplest tangles of extended tetrahedra and their linkages to form periodic polycatenanes. A vertex- and edge-transitive embedding of a tangled srs net with tangled and polycatenated θ graphs and vertex-transitive tangled diamond (dia) nets are described.
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65
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Ishiwari F, Takata T. Rotaxanes with dynamic mechanical chirality: Systematic studies on synthesis, enantiomer separation, racemization, and chiral-prochiral interconversion. Front Chem 2022; 10:1025977. [PMID: 36386001 PMCID: PMC9650364 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1025977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic mechanical chirality of [2]rotaxane consisting of a Cs symmetric wheel and a C2v symmetric axle is discussed via the synthesis, enantiomer separation, racemization, and chiral-prochiral interconversion. This [2]rotaxane is achiral and/or prochiral when its wheel locates at the center of the axle, but becomes chiral when the wheel moves from the center of the axle. These were proved by the experiments on the enantiomer separation and racemization. The racemization energy of the isolated single enantiomers was controlled by the bulkiness of the central substituents on the axle. Furthermore, the chiral-prochiral interconversion was achieved by relative positional control of the components. The present systematic studies will provide new insight into mechanically chiral interlocked compounds as well as the utility as dynamic chiral sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Ishiwari
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Japan
- *Correspondence: Fumitaka Ishiwari, ; Toshikazu Takata,
| | - Toshikazu Takata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Japan
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- *Correspondence: Fumitaka Ishiwari, ; Toshikazu Takata,
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66
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Tang J, Chen C, Hong T, Zhang Z, Xie C, Li S. Regulation of Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Reaction through Crown Ether Based Host–Guest Chemistry. Org Lett 2022; 24:7955-7960. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Tang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Can Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Tao Hong
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Zibin Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Chunsong Xie
- College of New Materials and Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
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67
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Chen C, Weil T. Cyclic polymers: synthesis, characteristics, and emerging applications. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:1121-1135. [PMID: 35938292 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00242f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic polymers with a ring-like topology and no chain ends are a unique class of macromolecules. In the past several decades, significant advances have been made to prepare these fascinating polymers, which allow for the exploration of their topological effects and potential applications in various fields. In this Review, we first describe representative synthetic strategies for making cyclic polymers and their derivative topological polymers with more complex structures. Second, the unique physical properties and self-assembly behavior of cyclic polymers are discussed by comparing them with their linear analogues. Special attention is paid to highlight how polymeric rings can assemble into hierarchical macromolecular architectures. Subsequently, representative applications of cyclic polymers in different fields such as drug and gene delivery and surface functionalization are presented. Last, we envision the following key challenges and opportunities for cyclic polymers that may attract future attention: large-scale synthesis, efficient purification, programmable folding and assembly, and expansion of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojian Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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68
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Ashbridge Z, Fielden SDP, Leigh DA, Pirvu L, Schaufelberger F, Zhang L. Knotting matters: orderly molecular entanglements. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7779-7809. [PMID: 35979715 PMCID: PMC9486172 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00323f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Entangling strands in a well-ordered manner can produce useful effects, from shoelaces and fishing nets to brown paper packages tied up with strings. At the nanoscale, non-crystalline polymer chains of sufficient length and flexibility randomly form tangled mixtures containing open knots of different sizes, shapes and complexity. However, discrete molecular knots of precise topology can also be obtained by controlling the number, sequence and stereochemistry of strand crossings: orderly molecular entanglements. During the last decade, substantial progress in the nascent field of molecular nanotopology has been made, with general synthetic strategies and new knotting motifs introduced, along with insights into the properties and functions of ordered tangle sequences. Conformational restrictions imparted by knotting can induce allostery, strong and selective anion binding, catalytic activity, lead to effective chiral expression across length scales, binding modes in conformations efficacious for drug delivery, and facilitate mechanical function at the molecular level. As complex molecular topologies become increasingly synthetically accessible they have the potential to play a significant role in molecular and materials design strategies. We highlight particular examples of molecular knots to illustrate why these are a few of our favourite things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Ashbridge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Lucian Pirvu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China
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69
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Self-assembly and near-infrared photothermal conversion research of molecular figure-of-eight. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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70
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Symmetric Tangling of Honeycomb Networks. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14091805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Symmetric, elegantly entangled structures are a curious mathematical construction that has found their way into the heart of the chemistry lab and the toolbox of constructive geometry. Of particular interest are those structures—knots, links and weavings—which are composed locally of simple twisted strands and are globally symmetric. This paper considers the symmetric tangling of multiple 2-periodic honeycomb networks. We do this using a constructive methodology borrowing elements of graph theory, low-dimensional topology and geometry. The result is a wide-ranging enumeration of symmetric tangled honeycomb networks, providing a foundation for their exploration in both the chemistry lab and the geometers toolbox.
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71
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Müller T, Sommer JU, Lang M. Elasticity of Tendomer Gels. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toni Müller
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Michael Lang
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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72
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Ma L, Li Y, Li X, Zhang L, Sun L, Han Y. A Molecular “
A
‐Type” Tangled Metallocube. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208376. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Li Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Li‐Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Ying‐Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
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73
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Zare D, Piguet C, Prescimone A, Housecroft CE, Constable EC. Positive Cooperativity Induced by Interstrand Interactions in Silver(I) Complexes with α,α′‐Diimine Ligands. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200912. [PMID: 35638573 PMCID: PMC9401079 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The allosteric positive cooperativity accompanying the formation of compact [CuI(α,α′‐diimine)2]+ building blocks contributed to the historically efficient synthesis of metal‐containing catenates and knotted assemblies. However, its limited magnitude can easily be overcome by the negative chelate cooperativity that controls the overall formation of related polymetallic multistranded helicates and grids. Despite the more abundant use of analogous dioxygen‐resistant [AgI(α,α′‐diimine)2]+ units in modern entangled metallo‐supramolecular assemblies, a related thermodynamic justification was absent. Solid‐state structural characterizations show the successive formation of [AgI(α,α′‐diimine)(CH3CN)][X] and [AgI(α,α′‐diimine)2][X] upon the stepwise reactions of α,α′‐diimine=2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy) or 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) derivatives with AgX (X=BF4−, ClO4−, PF6−). In room‐temperature, 5–10 mM acetonitrile solutions, these cationic complexes exist as mixtures in fast exchange on the NMR timescale. Spectrophotometric titrations using the unsubstituted bpy and phen ligands point to the statistical (=non‐cooperative) binding of two successive bidentate ligands around AgI, a mechanism probably driven by the formation of hydrophobic belts, that overcomes the unfavorable decrease in the positive charge borne by the metallic cation. Surprisingly, the addition of methyl groups adjacent to the nitrogen donors (6,6′ positions in dmbpy; 2,9 positions in dmphen) induces positive cooperativity for the formation of [Ag(dmbpy)2]+ and [Ag(dmphen)2]+, a trend assigned to additional stabilizing interligand interactions. Adding rigid and polarizable phenyl side arms in [Ag(Brdmbpy)2]+ further reinforces the positively cooperative process, while limiting the overall decrease in metal–ligand affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Zare
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a 4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Claude Piguet
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry University of Geneva 30 quai E. Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a 4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Catherine E. Housecroft
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a 4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Edwin C. Constable
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a 4058 Basel Switzerland
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74
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Ma LL, Li Y, Li X, Zhang L, Sun LY, Han YF. A Molecular “A‐Type” Tangled Metallocube. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Ma
- Northwest University College of Chemistry and Materials Science 1 Xuefu Ave., Guodu Education and Hi-Tech Industries Zone, Chang’an District 710127 CHINA
| | - Yang Li
- Northwest University College of Chemistry and Materials Science 1 Xuefu Ave., Guodu Education and Hi-Tech Industries Zone, Chang’an District 710127 CHINA
| | - Xin Li
- Northwest University College of Chemistry and Materials Science 1 Xuefu Ave., Guodu Education and Hi-Tech Industries Zone, Chang’an District 710127 CHINA
| | - Le Zhang
- Northwest University College of Chemistry and Materials Science 1 Xuefu Ave., Guodu Education and Hi-Tech Industries Zone, Chang’an District 710127 CHINA
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- Northwest University College of Chemistry and Materials Science 1 Xuefu Ave., Guodu Education and Hi-Tech Industries Zone, Chang’an District 710127 CHINA
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Northwest University College of Chemistry and Materials Science 1 Xuefu Ave., Guodu Education and Hi-Tech Industries Zone, Chang’an District 710127 Xi'an CHINA
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75
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76
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Investigating the synthesis and structure of [2]pseudorotaxanes assembled by crown ether as wheel component and dual-cation axle with phosphonium and ammonium cations. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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77
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Rodríguez-Rubio A, Savoini A, Modicom F, Butler P, Goldup SM. A Co-conformationally "Topologically" Chiral Catenane. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11927-11932. [PMID: 35763555 PMCID: PMC9348828 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Catenanes composed of two achiral rings that are oriented (Cnh symmetry) because of the sequence of atoms they contain are referred to as topologically chiral. Here, we present the synthesis of a highly enantioenriched catenane containing a related but overlooked "co-conformationally 'topologically' chiral" stereogenic unit, which arises when a bilaterally symmetric Cnv ring is desymmetrized by the position of an oriented macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Rodríguez-Rubio
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Savoini
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Modicom
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Butler
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Goldup
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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78
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Agafonov MA, Alexandrov EV, Artyukhova NA, Bekmukhamedov GE, Blatov VA, Butova VV, Gayfulin YM, Garibyan AA, Gafurov ZN, Gorbunova YG, Gordeeva LG, Gruzdev MS, Gusev AN, Denisov GL, Dybtsev DN, Enakieva YY, Kagilev AA, Kantyukov AO, Kiskin MA, Kovalenko KA, Kolker AM, Kolokolov DI, Litvinova YM, Lysova AA, Maksimchuk NV, Mironov YV, Nelyubina YV, Novikov VV, Ovcharenko VI, Piskunov AV, Polyukhov DM, Polyakov VA, Ponomareva VG, Poryvaev AS, Romanenko GV, Soldatov AV, Solovyeva MV, Stepanov AG, Terekhova IV, Trofimova OY, Fedin VP, Fedin MV, Kholdeeva OA, Tsivadze AY, Chervonova UV, Cherevko AI, Shul′gin VF, Shutova ES, Yakhvarov DG. METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS IN RUSSIA: FROM THE SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE TO FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES AND MATERIALS. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476622050018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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79
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Dang LL, Chen T, Zhang TT, Li TT, Song JL, Zhang KJ, Ma LF. Size-Induced Highly Selective Synthesis of Organometallic Rectangular Macrocycles and Heterometallic Cage Based on Half-Sandwich Rhodium Building Block. Molecules 2022; 27:3756. [PMID: 35744878 PMCID: PMC9230013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The controlled synthesis of organometallic supramolecular macrocycles cages remains interesting and challenging work in the field of supramolecular chemistry. Here, two tetranuclear rectangular macrocycles and an octuclear cage were designed and synthesized utilizing a rigid and functionalized pillar linker, 2,6-bis(pyridin-4-yl)-1,7-dihydrobenzo [1,2-d:4,5-d']diimidazole (BBI4PY) based on three half-sandwich rhodium building blocks bearing different sizes. X-ray crystallography in combination with 1H NMR spectroscopy elucidated that the two building blocks with shorter spacers only result in rectangular macrocycles. However, the building block of bulkier size to avoid the π-π stacking interactions between two ligands BBI4PY led to the formation of an octuclear cage complex. The latter cage contains two types of metal ions, namely Rh3+ and Cu2+, showing significant characteristics of heterogeneous metal-assembling compounds. In addition, the cage accommodates two free isopropyl ether solvent molecules, thus displaying host-guest behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Long Dang
- Henan Province Function-Oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China; (T.C.); (T.-T.Z.); (T.-T.L.); (J.-L.S.); (K.-J.Z.); (L.-F.M.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Henan Province Function-Oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China; (T.C.); (T.-T.Z.); (T.-T.L.); (J.-L.S.); (K.-J.Z.); (L.-F.M.)
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- Henan Province Function-Oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China; (T.C.); (T.-T.Z.); (T.-T.L.); (J.-L.S.); (K.-J.Z.); (L.-F.M.)
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Henan Province Function-Oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China; (T.C.); (T.-T.Z.); (T.-T.L.); (J.-L.S.); (K.-J.Z.); (L.-F.M.)
| | - Jun-Liang Song
- Henan Province Function-Oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China; (T.C.); (T.-T.Z.); (T.-T.L.); (J.-L.S.); (K.-J.Z.); (L.-F.M.)
| | - Ke-Jia Zhang
- Henan Province Function-Oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China; (T.C.); (T.-T.Z.); (T.-T.L.); (J.-L.S.); (K.-J.Z.); (L.-F.M.)
| | - Lu-Fang Ma
- Henan Province Function-Oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China; (T.C.); (T.-T.Z.); (T.-T.L.); (J.-L.S.); (K.-J.Z.); (L.-F.M.)
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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80
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Miyake R. Cooperative systems constructed using crystalline metal complexes of short flexible peptides. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-022-01145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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81
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Vincent SP, Chen W. Copillar[5]arene Chemistry: Synthesis and Applications. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1738369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractResearch on pillar[n]arenes has witnessed a very quick expansion. This emerging class of functionalized macrocyclic oligoarenes not only offers host–guest properties due to the presence of the central cavity, but also presents a wide variety of covalent functionalization possibilities. This short review focuses on copillararenes, a subfamily of pillar[n]arenes. In copillararenes, at least one of the hydroquinone units bears different functional groups compared to the others. After having defined the particular features of copillararenes, this short review compares the different synthetic strategies allowing their construction. Some key applications and future perspectives are also described. 1 Introduction2 General Features of Pillar[5]arenes3 Synthesis of Functionalized Copillar[4+1]arenes4 Concluding Remarks
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenzhang Chen
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University
- Department of Chemistry, UNamur, NARILIS
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82
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Yang Q, Li XL, Ashebr T, Zhao L, Tang J. Self‐assembly of lanthanide crescent‐like and macrocyclic clusters from versatile o‐vanillin‐based ligands. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200496. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization CHINA
| | - Xiao-Lei Li
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization CHINA
| | - Tesfay Ashebr
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization CHINA
| | - Lang Zhao
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization CHINA
| | - Jinkui Tang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Renmin Street 5625 130022 Changchun CHINA
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83
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Nosiglia MA, Colley ND, Danielson MK, Palmquist MS, Delawder AO, Tran SL, Harlan GH, Barnes JC. Metalation/Demetalation as a Postgelation Strategy To Tune the Mechanical Properties of Catenane-Crosslinked Gels. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9990-9996. [PMID: 35617307 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) possess unique architectures and nontraditional degrees of freedom that arise from well-defined topologies that are achieved through precise mechanical bonding. Incorporation of MIMs into materials can thus provide an avenue to discover new and emergent macroscale properties. Here, the synthesis of a phenanthroline-based [2]catenane crosslinker and its incorporation into polyacrylate organogels are described. Specifically, Cu(I) metalation and demetalation was used as a postgelation strategy to tune the mechanical properties of a gel by controlling the conformational motions of integrated MIMs. The organogels were prepared via thermally initiated free radical polymerization, and Cu(I) metal was added in MeOH to the pretreated, swollen gels. Demetalation of the gels was achieved by adding lithium cyanide and washing the gels. Changes in Young's and shear moduli, as well as tensile strength, were quantified through oscillatory shear rheology and tensile testing. The reported approach provides a general method for postgelation tuning of mechanical properties using metals and well-defined catenane topologies as part of a gel network architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Nosiglia
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Nathan D Colley
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Mary K Danielson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Mark S Palmquist
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Abigail O Delawder
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Sheila L Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Gray H Harlan
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Jonathan C Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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84
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Xu GT, Chang XY, Low KH, Wu LL, Wan Q, Shu HX, To WP, Huang JS, Che CM. Self-Assembly of Molecular Trefoil Knots Featuring Pentadecanuclear Homoleptic Au I -, Au I /Ag I -, or Au I /Cu I -Alkynyl Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200748. [PMID: 35183066 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metal-free and metal-containing molecular trefoil knots are fascinating ensembles that are usually covalently assembled, the latter requiring the rational design of di- or multidentate/multipodal ligands as connectors. In this work, we describe the self-assembly of pentadecanuclear AuI trefoil knots [Au15 (C≡CR)15 ] from monoalkynes HC≡CR (R=9,9-X2 -fluorenyl with X=nBu, n-hexyl) and [AuI (THT)Cl]. Hetero-bimetallic counterparts [Au9 M6 (C≡CR)15 ] (M=Cu/Ag) were self-assembled by reactions of [Au15 (C≡CR)15 ] with [Cu(MeCN)4 ]+ /AgNO3 and HC≡CR. The type of pentadecanuclear trefoil knots described herein is characterized by X-ray crystallography, 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS. [Au9 Cu6 (C≡CR)15 ] is relatively stable in hexane; its excited state properties were investigated. DFT calculations revealed that non-covalent metal-metal and metal-ligand interactions, together with longer alkyl chain-strengthened inter-ligand dispersion interactions, govern the stability of the trefoil knot structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Tao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liang-Liang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qingyun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hui-Xing Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai-Pong To
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
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85
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Dang LL, Li TT, Zhang TT, Zhao Y, Chen T, Gao X, Ma LF, Jin GX. Highly selective synthesis and near-infrared photothermal conversion of metalla-Borromean ring and [2]catenane assemblies. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5130-5140. [PMID: 35655550 PMCID: PMC9093202 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00437b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the selective synthesis of complicated supramolecular architectures has seen significant progress in recent years, the exploration of the properties of these complexes remains a fascinating challenge. Herein, a series of new supramolecular topologies, metalla[2]catenanes and Borromean ring assemblies, were constructed based on appropriate Cp*Rh building blocks and two rigid alkynyl pyridine ligands (L1, L2) via coordination-driven self-assembly. Interestingly, minor differences between the two rigid alkynyl pyridine ligands with/without organic substituents led to products with dramatically different topologies. Careful structural analysis showed that π–π stacking interactions play a crucial role in stabilizing these [2]catenanes and Borromean ring assemblies, while also promoting nonradiative transitions and triggering photothermal conversion in both the solution and the solid states. These results were showcased through comparative studies of the NIR photothermal conversion efficiencies of the Borromean ring assemblies, [2]catenanes and metallarectangles, which exhibited a wide range of photothermal conversion efficiencies (12.64–72.21%). The influence of the different Cp*Rh building blocks on the NIR photothermal conversion efficiencies of their assemblies was investigated. Good photothermal conversion properties of the assemblies were also found in the solid state. This study provides a new strategy to construct valuable half-sandwich-based NIR photothermal conversion materials while also providing promising candidates for the further development of materials science. The selective synthesis of three kinds of supermolecular topologies, molecular Borromean ring, [2]catenane and metallarectangle based on two alkynyl ligands is presented. Remarkably, the NIR photothermal conversion efficiency was found to improve as the π–π stacking increases.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Long Dang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Henan Province Function-Oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory Luoyang 471934 P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Henan Province Function-Oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory Luoyang 471934 P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Bioengineering (Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials), Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 P. R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Henan Province Function-Oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory Luoyang 471934 P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Henan Province Function-Oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory Luoyang 471934 P. R. China
| | - Tian Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Henan Province Function-Oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory Luoyang 471934 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Lu-Fang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Henan Province Function-Oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory Luoyang 471934 P. R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
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86
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Hoshino S, Ono K, Kawai H. Ring-Over-Ring Deslipping From Imine-Bridged Heterorotaxanes. Front Chem 2022; 10:885939. [PMID: 35592307 PMCID: PMC9110657 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.885939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring-over-ring slippage and ring-through-ring penetration are important processes in the construction of ring-in-ring multiple interlocked architectures. We have successfully observed “ring-over-ring deslipping” on the rotaxane axle by exploiting the dynamic covalent nature of imine bonds in imine-bridged heterorotaxanes R1 and R2 with two macrocycles of different ring sizes on the axle. When the imine bridges of R1 were cleaved, a hydrolyzed hetero[4]rotaxane [4]R1′ was formed as an intermediate under dynamic equilibrium, and the larger 38-membered macrocycle M was deslipped over the 24-membered ring (24C8 or DB24C8) to dissociate into a [3]rotaxane [3]R3 and a macrocycle M. The time dependent NMR measurement and the determined thermodynamic parameters revealed that the rate-limiting step of the deslipping process was attributed to steric hindrance between two rings and reduced mobility of M due to proximity to the crown ether, which was bound to the anilinium on the axle molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Hoshino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ono
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kawai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hidetoshi Kawai,
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87
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Acharyya K, Bhattacharyya S, Lu S, Sun Y, Mukherjee PS, Stang PJ. Emissive Platinum(II) Macrocycles as Tunable Cascade Energy Transfer Scaffolds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200715. [PMID: 35107874 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Developing artificial light-harvesting scaffolds with a cascade energy transfer process is significant for better understanding of photosynthesis. Here, we report [3+3] self-assembled PtII fluorescent macrocycles (3 a and 3 b) as light-harvesting platforms with cascade energy transfer. The PtII macrocycles aggregate into nanospheres and show emission-enhancement characteristics upon increasing water content in acetone medium. These aggregates (3aa and 3ba ) serve as energy donors when mixed with the hydrophobic dye Eosin-Y (ESY). In the presence of a second dye, Nile Red (NiR), an unusual sequential two-step energy transfer takes place from the macrocycles to NiR. In this case, ESY acts as a bridge in the relay mode. Additionally, a unique strategy to control such an energy transfer process by tuning the chain length of the alkyl group attached to the periphery of the macrocycles is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Acharyya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Soumalya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Shuai Lu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Peter J Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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88
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Kato K, Fa S, Ohtani S, Shi TH, Brouwer AM, Ogoshi T. Noncovalently bound and mechanically interlocked systems using pillar[ n]arenes. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3648-3687. [PMID: 35445234 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00169a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pillar[n]arenes are pillar-shaped macrocyclic compounds owing to the methylene bridges linking the para-positions of the units. Owing to their unique pillar-shaped structures, these compounds exhibit various excellent properties compared with other cyclic host molecules, such as versatile functionality using various organic synthesis techniques, substituent-dependent solubility, cavity-size-dependent host-guest properties in organic media, and unit rotation along with planar chiral inversion. These advantages have enabled the high-yield synthesis and rational design of pillar[n]arene-based mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs). In particular, new types of pillar[n]arene-based MIMs that can dynamically convert between interlocked and unlocked states through unit rotation have been produced. The highly symmetrical pillar-shaped structures of pillar[n]arenes result in simple NMR spectra, which are useful for studying the motion of pillar[n]arene wheels in MIMs and creating sophisticated MIMs with higher-order structures. The creation and application of polymeric MIMs based on pillar[n]arenes is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Shixin Fa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Tan-Hao Shi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Albert M Brouwer
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan. .,WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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89
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McTernan CT, Davies JA, Nitschke JR. Beyond Platonic: How to Build Metal-Organic Polyhedra Capable of Binding Low-Symmetry, Information-Rich Molecular Cargoes. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10393-10437. [PMID: 35436092 PMCID: PMC9185692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
field of metallosupramolecular chemistry has advanced rapidly
in recent years. Much work in this area has focused on the formation
of hollow self-assembled metal-organic architectures and exploration
of the applications of their confined nanospaces. These discrete,
soluble structures incorporate metal ions as ‘glue’
to link organic ligands together into polyhedra.Most of the architectures
employed thus far have been highly symmetrical, as these have been
the easiest to prepare. Such high-symmetry structures contain pseudospherical
cavities, and so typically bind roughly spherical guests. Biomolecules
and high-value synthetic compounds are rarely isotropic, highly-symmetrical
species. To bind, sense, separate, and transform such substrates,
new, lower-symmetry, metal-organic cages are needed. Herein we summarize
recent approaches, which taken together form the first draft of a
handbook for the design of higher-complexity, lower-symmetry, self-assembled
metal-organic architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie T McTernan
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jack A Davies
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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90
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The Symmetry and Topology of Finite and Periodic Graphs and Their Embeddings in Three-Dimensional Euclidean Space. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14040822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We make the case for the universal use of the Hermann-Mauguin (international) notation for the description of rigid-body symmetries in Euclidean space. We emphasize the importance of distinguishing between graphs and their embeddings and provide examples of 0-, 1-, 2-, and 3-periodic structures. Embeddings of graphs are given as piecewise linear with finite, non-intersecting edges. We call attention to problems of conflicting terminology when disciplines such as materials chemistry and mathematics collide.
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91
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Investigation of the structural dynamics of a knotted protein and its unknotted analog using molecular dynamics. J Mol Model 2022; 28:108. [PMID: 35357594 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of knots in proteins remains elusive. Some studies suggest an impact on stability; the difficulty in comparing systems to assess this effect, however, has been a significant challenge. In this study, we produced and analyzed molecular dynamic trajectories considering three different temperatures of two variants of ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), only one of which has a 31 knot, in order to evaluate the relative stability of the two molecules. RMSD showed equilibrated structures for the produced trajectories, and RMSF showed subtle differences in flexibility. In the knot moiety, the knotted protein did not show a great deal of fluctuation at any temperature. For the unknotted protein, the residue GLY243 showed a high fluctuation in the corresponding moiety. The fraction of native contacts (Q) showed a similar profile at all temperatures, with the greatest decrease by 436 K. The investigation of conformational behavior with principal component analysis (PCA) and dynamic cross-correlation map (DCCM) showed that knotted protein is less likely to undergo changes in its conformation under the conditions employed compared to unknotted. PCA data showed that the unknotted protein had greater dispersion in its conformations, which suggests that it has a greater capacity for conformation transitions in response to thermal changes. DCCM graphs comparing the 310 K and 436 K temperatures showed that the knotted protein had less change in its correlation and anti-correlation movements, indicating stability compared to the unknotted.
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92
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93
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Au-Yeung HY, Deng Y. Distinctive features and challenges in catenane chemistry. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3315-3334. [PMID: 35432874 PMCID: PMC8943846 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
From being an aesthetic molecular object to a building block for the construction of molecular machines, catenanes and related mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) continue to attract immense interest in many research areas. Catenane chemistry is closely tied to that of rotaxanes and knots, and involves concepts like mechanical bonds, chemical topology and co-conformation that are unique to these molecules. Yet, because of their different topological structures and mechanical bond properties, there are some fundamental differences between the chemistry of catenanes and that of rotaxanes and knots although the boundary is sometimes blurred. Clearly distinguishing these differences, in aspects of bonding, structure, synthesis and properties, between catenanes and other MIMs is therefore of fundamental importance to understand their chemistry and explore the new opportunities from mechanical bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Yulin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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94
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Acharyya K, Bhattacharyya S, Lu S, Sun Y, Mukherjee PS, Stang PJ. Emissive Platinum(II) Macrocycles as Tunable Cascade Energy Transfer Scaffolds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Acharyya
- Department of Chemistry University of Utah 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020 Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Soumalya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Shuai Lu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518060 China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Chemistry University of Utah 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020 Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department of Chemistry University of Utah 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020 Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
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95
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Liang Y, Mei L, Jin Q, Geng J, Wang J, Liu K, Hu K, Yu J, Shi W. Hierarchical assembly of uranyl metallacycles involving macrocyclic hosts. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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96
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Zhang ZH, Andreassen BJ, August DP, Leigh DA, Zhang L. Molecular weaving. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:275-283. [PMID: 35115722 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01179-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the interlacing of strands at the molecular level has mainly been limited to coordination polymers and DNA. Despite being proposed on a number of occasions, the direct, bottom-up assembly of molecular building blocks into woven organic polymers remained an aspirational, but elusive, target for several decades. However, recent successes in two-dimensional and three-dimensional molecular-level weaving now offer new opportunities and research directions at the interface of polymer science and molecular nanotopology. This Perspective provides an overview of the features and potential of the periodic nanoscale weaving of polymer chains, distinguishing it from randomly entangled polymer networks and rigid crystalline frameworks. We review the background and experimental progress so far, and conclude by considering the potential of molecular weaving and outline some of the current and future challenges in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - David P August
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David A Leigh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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97
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Xu Y, Su H, Bai Q, Fang F, Ma J, Zhang Z, Hao XQ, Shi J, Wang P, Wang M. Design and Self-Assembly of Macrocycles with Metals at the Corners Based on Dissymmetric Terpyridine Ligands. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200071. [PMID: 35212169 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Terpyridine-based discrete supramolecular architectures with metal ions in the corners have rarely been reported. Herein, we report two dissymmetric terpyridyl ligands LA and LB decorated at the 5-position and 4-position of terpyridine respectively. The complexes constructed by the self-assembly of LA and LB with Zn(II) exhibit hand-circle-like structures. Moreover, all Zn(II) are successfully fixed in the corners. A series of dimeric to hexameric macrocycles is obtained by head-to-tail connections with changing concentration. This work will pave the way for preparation of more elaborate self-assembled structures based on dissymetric ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Xu
- Jilin University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Haoyue Su
- Jilin University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Qixia Bai
- Guangzhou University, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, CHINA
| | - Fang Fang
- Shenzhen University, Instrumental Analysis Center of Shenzhen University, CHINA
| | - Jianjun Ma
- Jilin University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Guangzhou University, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, CHINA
| | - Xin-Qi Hao
- Zhengzhou University, College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, CHINA
| | - Junjuan Shi
- Jilin University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Pingshan Wang
- Guangzhou University, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, CHINA
| | - Ming Wang
- Jilin University, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, No 2699 Qianjin Street, 130012, changhcun, CHINA
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98
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Hu SJ, Guo XQ, Zhou LP, Yan DN, Cheng PM, Cai LX, Li XZ, Sun QF. Guest-Driven Self-Assembly and Chiral Induction of Photofunctional Lanthanide Tetrahedral Cages. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4244-4253. [PMID: 35195993 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chiral luminescent lanthanide-organic cages have many potential applications in enantioselective recognition, sensing, and asymmetric catalysis. However, due to the paucity of structures and their limited cavities, host-guest chemistry with lanthanide-organic cages has remained elusive so far. Herein, we report a guest-driven self-assembly and chiral induction approach for the construction of otherwise inaccessible Ln4L4-type (Ln = lanthanide ions, i.e., EuIII, TbIII; L = ligand) tetrahedral hosts. Single crystal analyses on a series of host-guest complexes reveal remarkable guest-adaptive cavity breathing on the tetrahedral cages, reflecting the advantage of the variation tolerance on coordination geometry of the f-elements. Meanwhile, noncovalent confinement of pyrene within the lanthanide cage not only leads to diminishment of its excimer emission but also facilitates guest to host energy transfer, opening up a new sensitization window for the lanthanide luminescence on the cage. Moreover, stereoselective self-assembly of either Λ4- or Δ4- type Eu4L4 cages has been realized via chiral induction with R/S-BINOL or R/S-SPOL templates, as confirmed by NMR, circular dichroism (CD), and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with high dissymmetry factors (glum) up to ±0.125.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Li-Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Ni Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Ming Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Fu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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99
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Xu GT, Chang XY, Low KH, Wu LL, Wan Q, Shu HX, To WP, Huang JS, Che CM. Self‐Assembly of Molecular Trefoil Knots Featuring Pentadecanuclear Homoleptic AuI‐, AuI/AgI‐, or AuI/CuI‐Alkynyl Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiao-Yong Chang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Chemistry CHINA
| | | | | | - Qingyun Wan
- The University of Hong Kong Chemistry HONG KONG
| | | | - Wai-Pong To
- The University of Hong Kong Chemistry HONG KONG
| | | | - Chi-Ming Che
- The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road - Hong Kong HONG KONG
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Yu X, Guo C, Lu S, Chen Z, Wang H, Li X. Terpyridine-Based 3D Discrete Metallosupramolecular Architectures. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200004. [PMID: 35167147 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Terpyridine (tpy)-based 3D discrete metallosupramolecular architectures, which are often inspired by polyhedral geometry and the biological structures found in nature, have drawn significant attention from the community of metallosupramolecular chemistry. Because of the linear tpy-M(II)-tpy connectivity, the creation of sophisticated 3D metallosupramolecules based on tpy remains a formidable synthetic challenge. Nevertheless, with recent advancement in ligand design and self-assembly, diverse 3D metallosupramolecular polyhedrons, such as Platonic solids, Archimedean solids, prims as well as Johnson solids, have been constructed and their potential applications have been explored. This review summarizes the progress on tpy-based discrete 3D metallosupramolecules, aiming to shed more light on the design and construction of novel discrete architectures with molecular-level precision through coordination-driven self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujun Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.,Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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