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Ang CW, Jarrad AM, Cooper MA, Blaskovich MAT. Nitroimidazoles: Molecular Fireworks That Combat a Broad Spectrum of Infectious Diseases. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7636-7657. [PMID: 28463485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases claim millions of lives every year, but with the advent of drug resistance, therapeutic options to treat infections are inadequate. There is now an urgent need to develop new and effective treatments. Nitroimidazoles are a class of antimicrobial drugs that have remarkable broad spectrum activity against parasites, mycobacteria, and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. While nitroimidazoles were discovered in the 1950s, there has been renewed interest in their therapeutic potential, particularly for the treatment of parasitic infections and tuberculosis. In this review, we summarize different classes of nitroimidazoles that have been described in the literature in the past five years, from approved drugs and clinical candidates to examples undergoing preclinical or early stage development. The relatively "nonspecific" mode of action and resistance mechanisms of nitromidazoles are discussed, and contemporary strategies to facilitate nitroimidazole drug development are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Wei Ang
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Angie M Jarrad
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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52
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4-Aminoquinoline-ferrocenyl-chalcone conjugates: Synthesis and anti-plasmodial evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 125:269-277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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53
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The Role of Natural Products in Drug Discovery and Development against Neglected Tropical Diseases. Molecules 2016; 22:molecules22010058. [PMID: 28042865 PMCID: PMC6155950 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endemic in 149 tropical and subtropical countries, neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect more than 1 billion people annually, including 875 million children in developing economies. These diseases are also responsible for over 500,000 deaths per year and are characterized by long-term disability and severe pain. The impact of the combined NTDs closely rivals that of malaria and tuberculosis. Current treatment options are associated with various limitations including widespread drug resistance, severe adverse effects, lengthy treatment duration, unfavorable toxicity profiles, and complicated drug administration procedures. Natural products have been a valuable source of drug regimens that form the cornerstone of modern pharmaceutical care. In this review, we highlight the potential that remains untapped in natural products as drug leads for NTDs. We cover natural products from plant, marine, and microbial sources including natural-product-inspired semi-synthetic derivatives which have been evaluated against the various causative agents of NTDs. Our coverage is limited to four major NTDs which include human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis and lymphatic filariasis.
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54
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Zhang MZ, Jia CY, Gu YC, Mulholland N, Turner S, Beattie D, Zhang WH, Yang GF, Clough J. Synthesis and antifungal activity of novel indole-replaced streptochlorin analogues. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 126:669-674. [PMID: 27936445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Based on examples of the successful applications in drug discovery of bioisosterism, a series of streptochlorin analogues in which indole has been replaced by other heterocycles has been designed and synthesized, as a continuation of our studies aimed at the discovery of novel streptochlorin analogues with improved antifungal activity. Biological testing showed that most of the indole-replaced streptochlorin analogues were inactive, though compound 6f had a broad spectrum of antifungal activity with significant activity against Alternaria solani. The SAR study demonstrated that indole ring is an essential moiety for the antifungal activity of streptochlorin analogues, promoting the idea of indole ring as a framework that might be exploited in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
| | - Chen-Yang Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Mulholland
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Turner
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - David Beattie
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Hua Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - John Clough
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
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55
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Sola I, Artigas A, Taylor MC, Pérez-Areales FJ, Viayna E, Clos MV, Pérez B, Wright CW, Kelly JM, Muñoz-Torrero D. Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-cyanoalkyl-, N-aminoalkyl-, and N-guanidinoalkyl-substituted 4-aminoquinoline derivatives as potent, selective, brain permeable antitrypanosomal agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5162-5171. [PMID: 27591008 PMCID: PMC5080452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current drugs against human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) suffer from several serious drawbacks. The search for novel, effective, brain permeable, safe, and inexpensive antitrypanosomal compounds is therefore an urgent need. We have recently reported that the 4-aminoquinoline derivative huprine Y, developed in our group as an anticholinesterasic agent, exhibits a submicromolar potency against Trypanosoma brucei and that its homo- and hetero-dimerization can result in to up to three-fold increased potency and selectivity. As an alternative strategy towards more potent smaller molecule anti-HAT agents, we have explored the introduction of ω-cyanoalkyl, ω-aminoalkyl, or ω-guanidinoalkyl chains at the primary amino group of huprine or the simplified 4-aminoquinoline analogue tacrine. Here, we describe the evaluation of a small in-house library and a second generation of newly synthesized derivatives, which has led to the identification of 13 side chain modified 4-aminoquinoline derivatives with submicromolar potencies against T. brucei. Among these compounds, the guanidinononyltacrine analogue 15e exhibits a 5-fold increased antitrypanosomal potency, 10-fold increased selectivity, and 100-fold decreased anticholinesterasic activity relative to the parent huprine Y. Its biological profile, lower molecular weight relative to dimeric compounds, reduced lipophilicity, and ease of synthesis, make it an interesting anti-HAT lead, amenable to further optimization to eliminate its remaining anticholinesterasic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sola
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Artigas
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin C Taylor
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - F Javier Pérez-Areales
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Viayna
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Victòria Clos
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Colin W Wright
- Bradford School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1 DP, United Kingdom
| | - John M Kelly
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Muñoz-Torrero
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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56
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5-Substituted 3-chlorokenpaullone derivatives are potent inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream forms. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3790-800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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57
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Gurskaya LY, Belyanskaya DS, Ryabukhin DS, Nilov DI, Boyarskaya IA, Vasilyev AV. Reactions of N,3-diarylpropiolamides with arenes under superelectrophilic activation: synthesis of 4,4-diaryl-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones and their derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:950-6. [PMID: 27340485 PMCID: PMC4901988 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of 3-aryl-N-(aryl)propiolamides with arenes in TfOH at room temperature for 0.5 h led to 4,4-diaryl-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2-(1H)-ones in yields of 44-98%. The obtained dihydroquinolinones were further transformed into the corresponding N-acyl or N-formyl derivatives. For the latter, the superelectrophilic activation of the N-formyl group by TfOH in the reaction with benzene resulted in the formation of N-(diphenylmethyl)-substituted dihydroquinolinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Yu Gurskaya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia; N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, ul. Lavrentieva 9, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Diana S Belyanskaya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Ryabukhin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University, Institutsky per. 5, Saint Petersburg, 194021, Russia
| | - Denis I Nilov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Irina A Boyarskaya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Aleksander V Vasilyev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University, Institutsky per. 5, Saint Petersburg, 194021, Russia
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58
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Guo W, Zheng LY, Li YD, Wu RM, Chen Q, Yang DQ, Fan XL. Discovery of molluscicidal and cercaricidal activities of 3-substituted quinazolinone derivatives by a scaffold hopping approach using a pseudo-ring based on the intramolecular hydrogen bond formation. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 115:291-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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59
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Neves BJ, Muratov E, Machado RB, Andrade CH, Cravo PVL. Modern approaches to accelerate discovery of new antischistosomal drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:557-67. [PMID: 27073973 PMCID: PMC6534417 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1178230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The almost exclusive use of only praziquantel for the treatment of schistosomiasis has raised concerns about the possible emergence of drug-resistant schistosomes. Consequently, there is an urgent need for new antischistosomal drugs. The identification of leads and the generation of high quality data are crucial steps in the early stages of schistosome drug discovery projects. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors focus on the current developments in antischistosomal lead discovery, specifically referring to the use of automated in vitro target-based and whole-organism screens and virtual screening of chemical databases. They highlight the strengths and pitfalls of each of the above-mentioned approaches, and suggest possible roadmaps towards the integration of several strategies, which may contribute for optimizing research outputs and led to more successful and cost-effective drug discovery endeavors. EXPERT OPINION Increasing partnerships and access to funding for drug discovery have strengthened the battle against schistosomiasis in recent years. However, the authors believe this battle also includes innovative strategies to overcome scientific challenges. In this context, significant advances of in vitro screening as well as computer-aided drug discovery have contributed to increase the success rate and reduce the costs of drug discovery campaigns. Although some of these approaches were already used in current antischistosomal lead discovery pipelines, the integration of these strategies in a solid workflow should allow the production of new treatments for schistosomiasis in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Junior Neves
- a LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Goiás , Goiânia , Brazil
| | - Eugene Muratov
- b Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Eshelman School of Pharmacy , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Renato Beilner Machado
- c GenoBio - Laboratory of Genomics and Biotechnology, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública , Universidade Federal de Goiás , Goiânia , Brazil
| | - Carolina Horta Andrade
- a LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Goiás , Goiânia , Brazil
| | - Pedro Vitor Lemos Cravo
- c GenoBio - Laboratory of Genomics and Biotechnology, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública , Universidade Federal de Goiás , Goiânia , Brazil
- d Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical , Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal
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60
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Repurposing strategies for tropical disease drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2569-76. [PMID: 27080183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) and other diseases of the developing world, such as malaria, attract research investments that are disproportionately low compared to their impact on human health worldwide. Therefore, pragmatic methods for launching new drug discovery programs have emerged that repurpose existing chemical matter as new drugs or new starting points for optimization. In this Digest we describe applications of different repurposing approaches for NTDs, and provide a means by which these approaches may be differentiated from each other. These include drug repurposing, target repurposing, target class repurposing, and lead repurposing.
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61
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Svogie AL, Isaacs M, Hoppe HC, Khanye SD, Veale CGL. Indolyl-3-ethanone-α-thioethers: A promising new class of non-toxic antimalarial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 114:79-88. [PMID: 26974377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The success of chemotherapeutics in easing the burden of malaria is under continuous threat from ever-evolving parasite resistance, including resistance to artemisinin combination therapies. Therefore, the discovery of new classes of antimalarials which inhibit new biological targets is imperative to controlling malaria. Accordingly, we report here the discovery of indolyl-3-ethanone-α-thioethers, a new class of antimalarial compounds with encouraging activity. Synthesis of a focused library of compounds revealed important insight into the SAR of this class of compounds, including critical information regarding the position and chemical nature of substituents on both the thiophenol and indole rings. This investigation ultimately led to the discovery of two hit compounds (16 and 27) which exhibited nano molar in vitro antimalarial activity coupled to no observable toxicity against a HeLa cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Isaacs
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Heinrich C Hoppe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Setshaba D Khanye
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Chemico and Biomedical Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Clinton G L Veale
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.
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62
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Yao H, Liu F, Chen J, Li Y, Cui J, Qiao C. Antischistosomal activity of N,N'-arylurea analogs against Schistosoma japonicum. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1386-90. [PMID: 26856921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the antischistosomal activities of N,N'-arylurea analogs were reported, systematic structure-activity relationships have not been conducted. In this Letter, we reported the design, synthesis and evaluation of 45 N,N'-arylurea analogs. Among these prepared compounds, 13 compounds were urea linker modified and 32 were N,N'-arylurea derivatives. The activity evaluation revealed 12 analogs exhibited IC50 values lower than 22.6μM, and 7 of them had IC50 less than 10μM against the juvenile Schistosoma japonicum in vitro. Their worm killing potency was even higher against adult worm. Unfortunately, low to moderate worm burden reduction of 0-33.4% was recorded after administration of a single oral dose of 200mg/kg or 400mg/kg to mice harboring S. japonicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houzong Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Fengyou Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Jinglei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Jinhao Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Chunhua Qiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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63
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Takasu K. π-Delocalized Lipophilic Cations as New Candidates for Antimalarial, Antitrypanosomal and Antileishmanial Agents: Synthesis, Evaluation of Antiprotozoal Potency, and Insight into Their Action Mechanisms. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:656-67. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyosei Takasu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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64
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Di Pietro O, Vicente-García E, Taylor MC, Berenguer D, Viayna E, Lanzoni A, Sola I, Sayago H, Riera C, Fisa R, Clos MV, Pérez B, Kelly JM, Lavilla R, Muñoz-Torrero D. Multicomponent reaction-based synthesis and biological evaluation of tricyclic heterofused quinolines with multi-trypanosomatid activity. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 105:120-37. [PMID: 26479031 PMCID: PMC4638191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), Chagas disease and leishmaniasis, which are caused by the trypanosomatids Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania species, are among the most deadly neglected tropical diseases. The development of drugs that are active against several trypanosomatids is appealing from a clinical and economic viewpoint, and seems feasible, as these parasites share metabolic pathways and hence might be treatable by common drugs. From benzonapthyridine 1, an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) for which we have found a remarkable trypanocidal activity, we have designed and synthesized novel benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridines, pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolines, azepino[3,2-c]quinolines, and pyrano[3,2-c]quinolines through 2–4-step sequences featuring an initial multicomponent Povarov reaction as the key step. To assess the therapeutic potential of the novel compounds, we have evaluated their in vitro activity against T. brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania infantum, as well as their brain permeability, which is of specific interest for the treatment of late-stage HAT. To assess their potential toxicity, we have determined their cytotoxicity against rat myoblast L6 cells and their AChE inhibitory activity. Several tricyclic heterofused quinoline derivatives were found to display an interesting multi-trypanosomatid profile, with one-digit micromolar potencies against two of these parasites and two-digit micromolar potency against the other. Pyranoquinoline 39, which displays IC50 values of 1.5 μM, 6.1 μM and 29.2 μM against T. brucei, L. infantum and T. cruzi, respectively, brain permeability, better drug-like properties (lower lipophilicity and molecular weight and higher CNS MPO desirability score) than hit 1, and the lowest AChE inhibitory activity of the series (IC50 > 30 μM), emerges as an interesting multi-trypanosomatid lead, amenable to further optimization particularly in terms of its selectivity index over mammalian cells. Novel classes of tricyclic heterofused quinolines have been synthesized. Their 2–4-step syntheses involve a multicomponent Povarov reaction as the key step. Some compounds exhibit single digit micromolar potencies against 2 trypanosomatids. All compounds with multi-trypanosomatid activity can cross the blood–brain barrier. Most compounds with multi-trypanosomatid activity have drug like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Di Pietro
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Martin C Taylor
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Berenguer
- Laboratori de Parasitologia, Departament de Microbiologia i Parasitologia Sanitàries, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Viayna
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Lanzoni
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Sola
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Sayago
- Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Riera
- Laboratori de Parasitologia, Departament de Microbiologia i Parasitologia Sanitàries, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Fisa
- Laboratori de Parasitologia, Departament de Microbiologia i Parasitologia Sanitàries, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Victòria Clos
- Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John M Kelly
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Rodolfo Lavilla
- Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Muñoz-Torrero
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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Gribble GW. Biological Activity of Recently Discovered Halogenated Marine Natural Products. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:4044-136. [PMID: 26133553 PMCID: PMC4515607 DOI: 10.3390/md13074044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents the biological activity-antibacterial, antifungal, anti-parasitic, antiviral, antitumor, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and enzymatic activity-of halogenated marine natural products discovered in the past five years. Newly discovered examples that do not report biological activity are not included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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66
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Njaria PM, Okombo J, Njuguna NM, Chibale K. Chloroquine-containing compounds: a patent review (2010 - 2014). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 25:1003-24. [PMID: 26013494 PMCID: PMC7103710 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2015.1050791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chloroquine (CQ) has been well known for its antimalarial effects since World War II. However, it is gradually being phased out from clinical use against malaria due to emergence of CQ-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains. Besides low cost and tolerability, ongoing research has revealed interesting biochemical properties of CQ that have inspired its repurposing/repositioning in the management of various infectious/noninfectious diseases. Consequently, several novel compounds and compositions based on its scaffold have been studied and patented. AREAS COVERED In this review, patents describing CQ and its derivatives/compositions over the last 5 years are analyzed. The review highlights the rationale, chemical structures, biological evaluation and potential therapeutic application of CQ, its derivatives and compositions. EXPERT OPINION Repurposing efforts have dominantly focused on racemic CQ with no studies exploring the effect of the (R) and (S) enantiomers, which might potentially have additional benefits in other diseases. Additionally, evaluating other similarly acting antimalarials in clinical use and structural analogs could help maximize the intrinsic value of the 4-aminoquinolines. With regard to cancer therapy, successful repurposing of CQ-containing compounds will require linking the mode of action of these antimalarials with the signaling pathways that drive cancer cell proliferation to facilitate the development of a 4-amino-7-chloroquinoline that can be used as a synergistic partner in anticancer combination chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Njaria
- a 1 University of Cape Town, Department of Chemistry , Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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67
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Target-based molecular modeling strategies for schistosomiasis drug discovery. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:753-64. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by worms from the class Trematoda (genus Schistosoma), is a serious chronic condition that has been reported in approximately 80 countries. Nearly 250 million people are affected worldwide, mostly in the sub-Saharan Africa. Praziquantel, the mainstay of treatment, has been used for 30 years, and cases of resistance have been reported. The purpose of this perspective is to discuss current target-based molecular modeling strategies in schistosomiasis drug discovery. Advances in the field and the role played by the integration between computational modeling and experimental validation are also discussed. Finally, recent cases of the contribution of modern approaches in computational medicinal chemistry to the field are explored.
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68
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of praziquantel and endoperoxide conjugates as antischistosomal agents. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:713-25. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The widespread use of praziquantel for the treatment of schistosomiasis has led to concerns over the potential development of drug resistance. Therefore, the discovery of novel antischistosomal agents is imperative. In this study, a series of praziquantel and endoperoxide conjugates were synthesized and evaluated as potential antischistosomal agents. Results: Some compounds exhibited high efficacy against both adult and juvenile Schistosoma, in in vitro studies. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis revealed that compounds with amide bond linker and cyclopentyl adjacent to the 1,2,4,5-tetraxane pharmacophore displayed the highest efficacy. Overall, compounds showed consistent activity against Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mansoni. In vivo study resulted in moderate but statistically significant activity. Conclusion: Important preliminary results were obtained from thorough activity evaluation of praziquantel-endoperoxide conjugates. Further pharmacokinetic property investigation is necessary to improve in vivo efficacy.
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Abstract
In the recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of novel approaches for the treatment of parasitic diseases such as schistosomiasis. Among the different approaches used, organometallic compounds were found to offer unique opportunities in the design of antiparasitic drug candidates. A ferrocenyl derivative, namely ferroquine, has even entered clinical trials as a novel antimalarial. In this short review, we report on the studies describing the use of organometallic compounds against schistosomiasis.
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70
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Brindisi M, Gemma S, Kunjir S, Di Cerbo L, Brogi S, Parapini S, D'Alessandro S, Taramelli D, Habluetzel A, Tapanelli S, Lamponi S, Novellino E, Campiani G, Butini S. Synthetic spirocyclic endoperoxides: new antimalarial scaffolds. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00454j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Design, synthesis and molecular docking calculation studies led to the identification of novel spirocyclic peroxides with in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity.
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71
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Inam A, Van Zyl RL, van Vuuren NJ, Chen CT, Avecilla F, Agarwal SM, Azam A. Chloroquinoline–acetamide hybrids: a promising series of potential antiprotozoal agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05472a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In an endeavour to develop efficacious antiprotozoal agents chloroquinoline–acetamide hybrids were synthesized and screened in vitro against E. histolytica and P. falciparum and molecular docking studies were performed against PfDHFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Inam
- Department of Chemistry
- Jamia Millia Islamia
- New Delhi
- India
| | - Robyn L. Van Zyl
- Pharmacology Division
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
- WITS Research Institute for Malaria (WRIM)
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Witwatersrand
| | - Natasha J. van Vuuren
- Pharmacology Division
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
- WITS Research Institute for Malaria (WRIM)
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Witwatersrand
| | - Chien-Teng Chen
- Pharmacology Division
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
- WITS Research Institute for Malaria (WRIM)
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Witwatersrand
| | - Fernando Avecilla
- Departamento de Química Fundamental
- Universidade da Coruña
- Campus da Zapateira
- 15071 A Coruña
- Spain
| | - Subhash M. Agarwal
- Bioinformatics Division
- Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (ICMR) I-7
- Noida 201301
- India
| | - Amir Azam
- Department of Chemistry
- Jamia Millia Islamia
- New Delhi
- India
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72
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Sola I, Artigas A, Taylor MC, Gbedema SY, Pérez B, Clos MV, Wright CW, Kelly JM, Muñoz-Torrero D. Synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of oligomethylene- and p-phenylene-bis(methylene)-linked bis(+)-huprines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5435-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Kumar K, Pradines B, Madamet M, Amalvict R, Benoit N, Kumar V. 1H-1,2,3-triazole tethered isatin-ferrocene conjugates: Synthesis and in vitro antimalarial evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:801-4. [PMID: 25440881 PMCID: PMC7126053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1H-1,2,3-triazole tethered isatin-ferrocene conjugates were synthesized and evaluated for their antiplasmodial activities against chloroquine-susceptible (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The conjugates 5f and 5h with an optimum combination of electron-withdrawing halogen substituent at C-5 position of isatin ring and a propyl chain, introduced as linker, proved to be most potent and non-cytotoxic among the series with IC50 values of 3.76 and 4.58 μM against 3D7 and W2 strains, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewal Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Bruno Pradines
- Unité de Parasitologie et d'Entomologie, Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France; Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Marilyn Madamet
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France; Equipe Résidente de Recherche en Infectiologie Tropicale, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Marseille, France
| | - Rémy Amalvict
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France; Equipe Résidente de Recherche en Infectiologie Tropicale, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Benoit
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France; Equipe Résidente de Recherche en Infectiologie Tropicale, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Marseille, France
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
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