51
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Fujita T, Noguchi Y, Hoshi T. Charge-transfer excited states in the donor/acceptor interface from large-scale GW calculations. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:114109. [PMID: 31542033 DOI: 10.1063/1.5113944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting the charge-transfer (CT) excited states across the donor/acceptor (D/A) interface is essential for understanding the charge photogeneration process in an organic solar cell. Here, we present a fragment-based GW implementation that can be applied to a D/A interface structure and thus enables accurate determination of the CT states. The implementation is based on the fragmentation approximation of the polarization function and the combined GW and Coulomb-hole plus screened exchange approximations for self-energies. The fragment-based GW is demonstrated by application to the pentacene/C60 interface structure containing more than 2000 atoms. The CT excitation energies were estimated from the quasiparticle energies and electron-hole screened Coulomb interactions; the computed energies are in reasonable agreement with experimental estimates from the external quantum efficiency measurements. We highlight the impact of the induced polarization effects on the electron-hole energetics. The proposed fragment-based GW method offers a first-principles tool to compute the quasiparticle energies and electronic excitation energies of organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshifumi Noguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Takeo Hoshi
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Physics, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
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52
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Soy RC, Babu B, Oluwole DO, Nwaji N, Oyim J, Amuhaya E, Prinsloo E, Mack J, Nyokong T. Photophysicochemical properties and photodynamic therapy activity of chloroindium(III) tetraarylporphyrins and their gold nanoparticle conjugates. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618501146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Novel chloroindium(III) complexes of tetra(4-methylthiophenyl)porphyrin (2a) and tetra-2-thienylporphyrin (2b) dyes have been synthesized and characterized. The main goal of the project was to identify fully symmetric porphyrin dyes with Q-band regions that lie partially in the therapeutic window that are suitable for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). 2a and 2b were found to have fluorescence quantum yield values [Formula: see text] 0.01 and moderately high singlet oxygen quantum yields (0.54−0.73) due to heavy atom effects associated with the sulfur and indium atoms. The dark toxicity and PDT activity against epithelial breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were investigated over a dose range of 3.0−40 [Formula: see text]g [Formula: see text] mL[Formula: see text]. The in vitro dark cytotoxicity of 2a is significantly lower than that of 2b at [Formula: see text] 40 [Formula: see text]g [Formula: see text] mL[Formula: see text]. 2a was conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to form a nanoconjugate (2a-AuNPs), which exhibited a higher singlet oxygen quantum yield ([Formula: see text] value and PDT activity than was observed for 2a alone. The results suggest that the AuNPs nanoconjugates of readily synthesized fully symmetric porphyrin dyes are potentially suitable for PDT applications, if meso-aryl substituents that provide scope for nanoparticle conjugation can be introduced that shift the Q bands into the therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodah C. Soy
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Balaji Babu
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - David O. Oluwole
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Njemuwa Nwaji
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - James Oyim
- School of Pharmacy and Healthy Sciences, USIU-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Edith Amuhaya
- School of Pharmacy and Healthy Sciences, USIU-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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53
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Meisner QJ, Younes AH, Yuan Z, Sreenath K, Hurley JJM, Zhu L. Excitation-Dependent Multiple Fluorescence of a Substituted 2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9209-9223. [PMID: 30411891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b07988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Excitation-dependent multiple fluorescence of a 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HBO) derivative (1) is described. Compound 1 contains the structure of a charge-transfer (CT) 4-hydroxyphenylvinylenebipy fluorophore and an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer capable (ESIPT-capable) HBO component that intersect at the hydroxyphenyl moiety. Therefore, both CT and ESIPT pathways, while spatially mostly separated, are available to the excited state of 1. The ESIPT process offers two emissive isomeric structures (enol and keto) of 1 in the excited state, while the susceptibility of 1 to a base adds another option to tune the composite emission color. In addition to the ground-state acid-base equilibrium that can be harnessed for the control of emission color by excitation energy, compound 1 exhibits excitation-dependent emission that is attributed to solvent-affected ground-state structural changes. Therefore, depending on the medium and excitation wavelength, the emission from the enol, keto, and anion forms could occur simultaneously, which are in the color ranges of blue, green, and orange/red, respectively. A composite color of white with CIE coordinates of (0.33, 0.33) can be materialized through judicious choices of medium and excitation wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinton J Meisner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way , Tallahassee , Florida 32306-4390 , United States
| | - Ali H Younes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way , Tallahassee , Florida 32306-4390 , United States
| | - Zhao Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way , Tallahassee , Florida 32306-4390 , United States
| | - Kesavapillai Sreenath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way , Tallahassee , Florida 32306-4390 , United States
| | - Joseph J M Hurley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way , Tallahassee , Florida 32306-4390 , United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way , Tallahassee , Florida 32306-4390 , United States
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54
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Nwaji N, Dingiswayo S, Mack J, Nyokong T. Photophysical and enhanced nonlinear optical response in asymmetric benzothiazole substituted phthalocyanine covalently linked to semiconductor quantum dots. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 204:629-639. [PMID: 29980065 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of asymmetric benzothiazole substituted phthalocyanines (complexes 3 to 5) and their covalent attachment to glutathione (GSH) functionalized quantum dots (QDs) are reported in this work. Additionally, their photophysical and nonlinear optical properties were investigated. A decrease in the fluorescence quantum yield with corresponding increase in the triplet quantum yield was observed when the complexes were covalently linked to glutathione (GSH) functionalized cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots. Reverse saturable absorption was found to be predominantly dominated by excited state absorption. The observed limiting threshold values range from 0.29-0.75 J/cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Njemuwa Nwaji
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Somila Dingiswayo
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
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55
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Titov E, Humeniuk A, Mitrić R. Exciton localization in excited-state dynamics of a tetracene trimer: a surface hopping LC-TDDFTB study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:25995-26007. [PMID: 30298878 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05240a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Excitons in the molecular aggregates of chromophores are key participants in important processes such as photosynthesis or the functioning of organic photovoltaic devices. Therefore, the exploration of exciton dynamics is crucial. Here we report on exciton localization during excited-state dynamics of the recently synthesized tetracene trimer [Liu et al., Org. Lett., 2017, 19, 580]. We employ the surface hopping approach to nonadiabatic molecular dynamics in conjunction with the long-range corrected time-dependent density functional tight binding (LC-TDDFTB) method [Humeniuk and Mitrić, Comput. Phys. Commun., 2017, 221, 174]. Utilizing a set of descriptors based on the transition density matrix, we perform comprehensive analysis of exciton dynamics. The obtained results reveal an ultrafast exciton localization to a single tetracene unit of the trimer during excited-state dynamics, along with exciton transfer between units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Titov
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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56
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Arhangelskis M, Jochym DB, Bernasconi L, Friščić T, Morris AJ, Jones W. Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory for Modeling Solid-State Fluorescence Emission of Organic Multicomponent Crystals. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:7514-7521. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b03481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihails Arhangelskis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal H3A 0B8, Québec, Canada
| | - Dominik B. Jochym
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal H3A 0B8, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - William Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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57
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Song X, Li X, Qi J. Theoretical studies on the structural and spectral properties of two specific C 54 isomers and the chlorinated species C 54Cl 8. RSC Adv 2018; 8:32731-32739. [PMID: 35547723 PMCID: PMC9086327 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06514d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra as well as the ground-state electronic/geometrical structures of #540C54 captured in experiment and the most controversial isomer #369C54 (C2v- and Cs-symmetry, respectively) have been calculated at the density functional theory (DFT) level. After chlorination, significant changes were observed in the electronic structure and X-ray spectra. Both XPS and NEXAFS spectra showed strong isomer dependence. The results indicated that the “fingerprints” in the X-ray spectra afforded an effective way to identify the fullerene isomers mentioned above. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy of C54Cl8 was also simulated at the time-dependent (TD) DFT level, and the simulated UV-Vis spectrum was in accordance with the experimental result. The results of this study can provide valuable information for further experimental and theoretical studies of new fullerenes and their derivatives through X-ray and ultraviolet spectroscopy. The study of newly synthesized fullerene isomers and their derivatives using X-ray and UV-Vis spectra offers valuable information for further experimental and theoretical exploration. Chloride derivatives of fullerenes containing TSFP, TDFP and DFP carbon sites were characterized by spectral simulation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitong Song
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Jiayuan Qi
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
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58
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Zheng M, Song X, Li X, Qi J. Theoretical studies on the structural and spectra properties of two C 74 fullerenes and the chlorinated species C 74Cl 10. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1454611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xitong Song
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayuan Qi
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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59
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He Z, Cai X, Wang Z, Chen D, Li Y, Zhao H, Liu K, Cao Y, Su SJ. Reversible switching between normal and thermally activated delayed fluorescence towards “smart” and single compound white-light luminescence via controllable conformational distribution. Sci China Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-017-9219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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60
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Li J, Zhang S, Shao D, Yang Z, Zhang W. Effect of auxiliary group for p-type organic dyes in NiO-based dye-sensitized solar cells: The first principal study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 193:192-196. [PMID: 29241054 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Auxiliary acceptor groups play a crucial role in D-A-π-A structured organic dyes. In this paper, we designed three D-A-π-A structured organic molecules based on the prototype dye QT-1, named ME18-ME20, and further investigated their electronic and optical properties with density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT). The calculated results indicate that the scope and intensity of dyes' absorption spectra have some outstanding changes by inserting auxiliary groups. ME20 has not only 152nm redshifts to long wave orientation, but also 78% increased oscillator strength compared to QT-1, and its absorption spectrum broadens region even up to 1400nm. Then, we studied the reason that the effect of the introduced different auxiliary acceptor groups in these dyes through their ground states geometries and energy levels, electron transfer and recombination rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Optical Detection Technology for Oil and Gas, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Di Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Optical Detection Technology for Oil and Gas, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Zhenqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Optical Detection Technology for Oil and Gas, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.
| | - Wansong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Optical Detection Technology for Oil and Gas, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China.
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61
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Synthesis, crystal structures, computational studies and antimicrobial activity of new designed bis((5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thio)alkanes. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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62
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Nwaji N, Mack J, Nyokong T. Photophysical and strong optical limiting properties of ball-type phthalocyanines dimers and their monomeric analogues. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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63
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Mewes SA, Plasser F, Krylov A, Dreuw A. Benchmarking Excited-State Calculations Using Exciton Properties. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:710-725. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie A. Mewes
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre
for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for
Advanced Study (NZIAS), Massey University Albany, Private Bag 102904, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
| | - Felix Plasser
- Institute
for Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingstrasse 17, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Anna Krylov
- University of Southern California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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64
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Acharya A, Chaudhuri S, Batista VS. Can TDDFT Describe Excited Electronic States of Naphthol Photoacids? A Closer Look with EOM-CCSD. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:867-876. [PMID: 29298059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 1Lb and 1La excited states of naphthols are characterized by using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), configuration interaction with singles (CIS), and equation-of-motion coupled cluster singles and doubles (EOM-CCSD) methods. TDDFT fails dramatically at predicting the energy and ordering of the 1La and 1Lb excited states as observed experimentally, while EOM-CCSD accurately predicts the excited states as characterized by natural transition orbital analysis. The limitations of TDDFT are attributed to the absence of correlation from doubly excited configurations as well as the inconsistent description of excited electronic states of naphthol photoacids revealed by excitation analysis based on the one-electron transition density matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Acharya
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Subhajyoti Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Victor S Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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65
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Dube E, Nwaji N, Mack J, Nyokong T. The photophysicochemical behavior of symmetric and asymmetric zinc phthalocyanines, surface assembled onto gold nanotriangles. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02746c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a novel asymmetric ZnPc, (4-(4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenoxy)-2,10,17-tris(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenoxy)phthalocyaninatol)zinc(ii), complex3, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Dube
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown 6140
- South Africa
| | - Njemuwa Nwaji
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown 6140
- South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown 6140
- South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown 6140
- South Africa
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66
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Blase X, Duchemin I, Jacquemin D. The Bethe–Salpeter equation in chemistry: relations with TD-DFT, applications and challenges. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1022-1043. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00049a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We review the Bethe–Salpeter formalism and analyze its performances for the calculation of the excited state properties of molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Blase
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- CNRS
- Inst NEEL
- F-38042 Grenoble
- France
| | - Ivan Duchemin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- CEA
- INAC-MEM
- L-Sim
- F-38000 Grenoble
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230
- Université de Nantes
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
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67
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Nwaji N, Achadu OJ, Nyokong T. Photo-induced resonance energy transfer and nonlinear optical response in ball-type phthalocyanine conjugated to semiconductor and graphene quantum dots. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj05196d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ball-type zinc and gallium phthalocyanines were covalently linked to graphene and semiconductor quantum dots resulting in enhanced triplet parameters and nonlinear optical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Njemuwa Nwaji
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown 6140
- South Africa
| | - Ojodomo J. Achadu
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown 6140
- South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown 6140
- South Africa
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68
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Peng HL. Why does 4-biphenyl carbonyl azide have ultra-short lived excited states? An ultrafast UV-vis spectroscopic and computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:29091-29104. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05963b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new model is presented for ultrashort-lived excited states of carbonyl azides, their solvent dependence and other experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huo-Lei Peng
- Department of Chemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
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69
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Dube E, Nwaji N, Oluwole DO, Mack J, Nyokong T. Investigation of photophysicochemical properties of zinc phthalocyanines conjugated to metallic nanoparticles. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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70
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Peng HL, Callender R. Mechanistic Analysis of Fluorescence Quenching of Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide by Oxamate in Lactate Dehydrogenase Ternary Complexes. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:1193-1203. [PMID: 28391608 PMCID: PMC5603363 DOI: 10.1111/php.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence of Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH) is extensively employed in studies of oxidoreductases. A substantial amount of static and kinetic work has focused on the binding of pyruvate or substrate mimic oxamate to the binary complex of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-NADH where substantial fluorescence quenching is typically observed. However, the quenching mechanism is not well understood limiting structural interpretation. Based on time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) computations with cam-B3LYP functional in conjunction with the analysis of previous experimental results, we propose that bound oxamate acts as an electron acceptor in the quenching of fluorescence of NADH in the ternary complex, where a charge transfer (CT) state characterized by excitation from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the nicotinamide moiety of NADH to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of oxamate exists close to the locally excited (LE) state involving only the nicotinamide moiety. Efficient quenching in the encounter complex like in pig heart LDH requires that oxamate forms a salt bridge with Arg-171 and hydrogen bonds with His-195, Thr-246 and Asn-140. Further structural rearrangement and loop closure, which also brings about another hydrogen bond between oxamate and Arg-109, will increase the rate of fluorescence quenching as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huo-Lei Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New
York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Robert Callender
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New
York, NY 10461, USA
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71
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Rubešová M, Muchová E, Slavíček P. Optimal Tuning of Range-Separated Hybrids for Solvated Molecules with Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:4972-4983. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rubešová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Muchová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
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72
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Korn JA, Urban J, Dang A, Nguyen HTH, Tureček F. UV-Vis Action Spectroscopy Reveals a Conformational Collapse in Hydrogen-Rich Dinucleotide Cation Radicals. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4100-4107. [PMID: 28809578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the generation of deoxyriboadenosine dinucleotide cation radicals by gas-phase electron transfer to dinucleotide dications and their noncovalent complexes with crown ether ligands. Stable dinucleotide cation radicals of a novel hydrogen-rich type were generated and characterized by tandem mass spectrometry and UV-vis photodissociation (UVPD) action spectroscopy. Electron structure theory analysis indicated that upon electron attachment the dinucleotide dications underwent a conformational collapse followed by intramolecular proton migrations between the nucleobases to give species whose calculated UV-vis absorption spectra matched the UVPD action spectra. Hydrogen-rich cation radicals generated from chimeric riboadenosine 5'-diesters gave UVPD action spectra that pointed to novel zwitterionic structures consisting of aromatic π-electron anion radicals intercalated between stacked positively charged adenine rings. Analogies with DNA ionization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Korn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Bagley Hall, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Jan Urban
- Metagenics, Inc. , Gig Harbor, Washington 98335-3729, United States
| | - Andy Dang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Bagley Hall, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Huong T H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Bagley Hall, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - František Tureček
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Bagley Hall, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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73
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Bruner A, Hernandez S, Mauger F, Abanador PM, LaMaster DJ, Gaarde MB, Schafer KJ, Lopata K. Attosecond Charge Migration with TDDFT: Accurate Dynamics from a Well-Defined Initial State. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3991-3996. [PMID: 28792225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the ability of time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) to capture attosecond valence electron dynamics resulting from sudden X-ray ionization of a core electron. In this special case the initial state can be constructed unambiguously, allowing for a simple test of the accuracy of the dynamics. The response following nitrogen K-edge ionization in nitrosobenzene shows excellent agreement with fourth-order algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC(4)) results, suggesting that a properly chosen initial state allows TDDFT to adequately capture attosecond charge migration. Visualizing hole motion using an electron localization picture (ELF), we provide an intuitive chemical interpretation of the charge migration as a superposition of Lewis dot resonance structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bruner
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Samuel Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - François Mauger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Paul M Abanador
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Daniel J LaMaster
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Mette B Gaarde
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Kenneth J Schafer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Kenneth Lopata
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
- Center for Computation & Technology, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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74
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Nwaji N, Jones B, Mack J, Oluwole DO, Nyokong T. Nonlinear optical dynamics of benzothiazole derivatized phthalocyanines in solution, thin films and when conjugated to nanoparticles. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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75
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Fieser ME, Ferrier MG, Su J, Batista E, Cary SK, Engle JW, Evans WJ, Lezama Pacheco JS, Kozimor SA, Olson AC, Ryan AJ, Stein BW, Wagner GL, Woen DH, Vitova T, Yang P. Evaluating the electronic structure of formal Ln II ions in Ln II(C 5H 4SiMe 3) 31- using XANES spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6076-6091. [PMID: 28989638 PMCID: PMC5625586 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00825b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolation of [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][Ln(C5H4SiMe3)3], formally containing LnII, for all lanthanides (excluding Pm) was surprising given that +2 oxidation states are typically regarded as inaccessible for most 4f-elements. Herein, X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), ground-state density functional theory (DFT), and transition dipole moment calculations are used to investigate the possibility that Ln(C5H4SiMe3)31- (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu) compounds represented molecular LnII complexes. Results from the ground-state DFT calculations were supported by additional calculations that utilized complete-active-space multi-configuration approach with second-order perturbation theoretical correction (CASPT2). Through comparisons with standards, Ln(C5H4SiMe3)31- (Ln = Sm, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y) are determined to contain 4f6 5d0 (SmII), 4f13 5d0 (TmII), 4f14 5d0 (YbII), 4f14 5d1 (LuII), and 4d1 (YII) electronic configurations. Additionally, our results suggest that Ln(C5H4SiMe3)31- (Ln = Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er) also contain LnII ions, but with 4f n 5d1 configurations (not 4f n+1 5d0). In these 4f n 5d1 complexes, the C3h-symmetric ligand environment provides a highly shielded 5d-orbital of a' symmetry that made the 4f n 5d1 electronic configurations lower in energy than the more typical 4f n+1 5d0 configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Su
- Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , NM 87545 , USA . ; ;
| | - Enrique Batista
- Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , NM 87545 , USA . ; ;
| | - Samantha K Cary
- Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , NM 87545 , USA . ; ;
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , NM 87545 , USA . ; ;
- University of Wisconsin , Madison , Wisconsin 53711 , USA
| | | | | | - Stosh A Kozimor
- Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , NM 87545 , USA . ; ;
| | - Angela C Olson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , NM 87545 , USA . ; ;
| | - Austin J Ryan
- University of California , Irvine , CA 92697 , USA .
| | - Benjamin W Stein
- Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , NM 87545 , USA . ; ;
| | - Gregory L Wagner
- Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , NM 87545 , USA . ; ;
| | - David H Woen
- University of California , Irvine , CA 92697 , USA .
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal , P.O. Box 3640 , 76021 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Ping Yang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , NM 87545 , USA . ; ;
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76
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Micciarelli M, Curchod BFE, Bonella S, Altucci C, Valadan M, Rothlisberger U, Tavernelli I. Characterization of the Photochemical Properties of 5-Benzyluracil via Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3909-3917. [PMID: 28467074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed study of the excited state properties of 5-benzyluracil (5BU) in the gas phase and in implicit solvent using different electronic structure approaches ranging from time-dependent density functional theory in the linear response regime (LR-TDDFT) to a set of different wave-function-based methods for excited states, namely perturbed coupled cluster (CC2), algebraic diagrammatic construction method to second order (ADC(2)), and perturbed configuration interaction (CIS(D)). 5BU has been used to investigate DNA base-amino acid interactions. In particular, it served as a model of protein-DNA photoinduced cross-linking. While LR-TDDFT is computationally the most efficient first-principles approach for static and dynamic simulations of this bichromophoric system, its accuracy is difficult to assess due to the presence of excited states with charge transfer character. In this work, the performance of different exchange correlation functionals is compared against accurate benchmarks obtained either from high level wave-function-based methods or directly from experimental absorption spectra. Our investigation shows that accurate results for the excitation energies can be obtained using the hybrid meta-GGA functional M06. In view of dynamical studies of the relaxation of 5BU after photoexcitation, we also show that the PBE functional, while failing in the Franck-Condon region, provides qualitatively good results for the characterisation of a possible photocyclization path.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Micciarelli
- Department of Physics, University of Rome "La Sapienza" , Ple A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - C Altucci
- Department of Physics, University of Naples "Federico II" , Via Cintia, 26-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Valadan
- Department of Physics, University of Naples "Federico II" , Via Cintia, 26-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - I Tavernelli
- Zurich Research Laboratory, IBM Research GmbH , 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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77
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Scholz M, Flender O, Boschloo G, Oum K, Lenzer T. Ultrafast electron and hole transfer dynamics of a solar cell dye containing hole acceptors on mesoporous TiO 2 and Al 2O 3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:7158-7166. [PMID: 28230867 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08609h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The stability of dye cations against recombination with conduction band electrons in mesoporous TiO2 electrodes is a key property for improving light harvesting in dye-sensitised solar cells. Using ultrafast transient broadband absorption spectroscopy, we monitor efficient intramolecular hole transfer in the solar cell dye E6 having two peripheral triarylamine acceptors. After photoexcitation, two hole transfer mechanisms are identified: a concerted mechanism for electron injection and hole transfer (2.4 ps) and a sequential mechanism with time constants of 3.9 ps and 30 ps. This way the dye retards unwanted recombination with a TiO2 conduction band electron by quickly moving the hole further away from the surface. Contact of the E6/TiO2 surface with the solvent acetonitrile has almost no influence on the electron injection and hole transfer kinetics. Fast hole transfer (2.8 ps) is also observed on a "non-injecting" Al2O3 surface generating a radical cation-radical anion species with a lifetime of 530 ps. The findings confirm the good intramolecular hole transfer properties of this dye on both thin films. In contrast, intramolecular hole transfer does not occur in the mid-polar organic solvent methyl acetate. This is confirmed by TDDFT calculations suggesting a polarity-induced reduction of the driving force for hole transfer. In methyl acetate, only the relaxation of the initially photoexcited core chromophore is observed including solvent relaxation processes of the electronically excited state S1/ICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Scholz
- Universität Siegen, Physikalische Chemie, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Oliver Flender
- Universität Siegen, Physikalische Chemie, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Center of Molecular Devices, Uppsala University, Box 523 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kawon Oum
- Universität Siegen, Physikalische Chemie, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Lenzer
- Universität Siegen, Physikalische Chemie, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
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78
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Alipour M, Damiri S. Development of a Novel Index for Analysis of Electronically Excited States. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:480-487. [PMID: 27957791 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Concerning the major factors in the context of excited states analyses, namely charge centroids of the orbitals involved in the excitations, the distance between orbital centroids, and overlap integrals, a new metric-the Ω index-is proposed to assign the character and optical properties of electronically excited states. Using several molecules from different classes and also a well-studied standard database for time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) studies as benchmark criteria, accountability of the developed index is numerically assessed for local, charge transfer, and Rydberg excitations. It is shown that the nature of excited states can be discriminated using the Ω index, where its superior performance for those situations in which the previous descriptors were not helpful is also unveiled. Relationships are also examined between the Ω index and optical properties of some molecules under study in the framework of the sum-over-state approach. It is observed that there are correlations between the proposed index and computed hyperpolarizabilities based on the sum-over-state scheme. These findings offer the possibility of estimating excited-state properties of large systems from simple descriptors without explicitly performing calculations of high-order response functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Alipour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Damiri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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79
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Wang S, Lu H, Wu Y, Xiao X, Li Z, Kira M, Shen Z. Silyl- and Disilanyl-BODIPYs: Synthesis via Catalytic Dehalosilylation and Spectroscopic Properties. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:561-567. [PMID: 28032460 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology; Ministry of Education; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 310012 China
| | - Hua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology; Ministry of Education; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 310012 China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology; Ministry of Education; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 310012 China
| | - Xuqiong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology; Ministry of Education; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 310012 China
| | - Zhifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology; Ministry of Education; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 310012 China
| | - Mitsuo Kira
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology; Ministry of Education; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 310012 China
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
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80
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Nwaji N, Mack J, Nyokong T. 4-Bis(4-aminophenoxy)phenoxy derivitized phthalocyanine conjugated to metallic nanoparticles: searching for enhanced optical limiting materials. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02718d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Amino derivative phthalocyanine linked to metallic nanoparticles showed enhanced photophysical and nonlinear optical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Njemuwa Nwaji
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown 6140
- South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown 6140
- South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Grahamstown 6140
- South Africa
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81
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Altürk S, Avcı D, Tamer Ö, Atalay Y. Comparison of different hybrid DFT methods on structural, spectroscopic, electronic and NLO parameters for a potential NLO material. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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82
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Power Conversion Efficiency of Arylamine Organic Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) Explicit to Cobalt Electrolyte: Understanding the Structural Attributes Using a Direct QSPR Approach. COMPUTATION 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/computation5010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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83
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Kuo CY, Liu Y, Yarotski D, Li H, Xu P, Yen HJ, Tretiak S, Wang HL. Synthesis, electrochemistry, STM investigation of oligothiophene self-assemblies with superior structural order and electronic properties. Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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84
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Zhugayevych A, Postupna O, Wang HL, Tretiak S. Modification of optoelectronic properties of conjugated oligomers due to donor/acceptor functionalization: DFT study. Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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85
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Bourass M, Benjelloun AT, Benzakour M, Mcharfi M, Hamidi M, Bouzzine SM, Bouachrine M. DFT and TD-DFT calculation of new thienopyrazine-based small molecules for organic solar cells. Chem Cent J 2016; 10:67. [PMID: 27843488 PMCID: PMC5084391 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel six organic donor-π-acceptor molecules (D-π-A) used for Bulk Heterojunction organic solar cells (BHJ), based on thienopyrazine were studied by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) approaches, to shed light on how the π-conjugation order influence the performance of the solar cells. The electron acceptor group was 2-cyanoacrylic for all compounds, whereas the electron donor unit was varied and the influence was investigated. METHODS The TD-DFT method, combined with a hybrid exchange-correlation functional using the Coulomb-attenuating method (CAM-B3LYP) in conjunction with a polarizable continuum model of salvation (PCM) together with a 6-31G(d,p) basis set, was used to predict the excitation energies, the absorption and the emission spectra of all molecules. RESULTS The trend of the calculated HOMO-LUMO gaps nicely compares with the spectral data. In addition, the estimated values of the open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) for these compounds were presented in two cases/PC60BM and/PC71BM. CONCLUSION The study of structural, electronics and optical properties for these compounds could help to design more efficient functional photovoltaic organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bourass
- ECIM/LIMME, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Adil Touimi Benjelloun
- ECIM/LIMME, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Benzakour
- ECIM/LIMME, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Mcharfi
- ECIM/LIMME, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Hamidi
- Equipe d'Electrochimie et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, University Moulay Ismaïl, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Si Mohamed Bouzzine
- Equipe d'Electrochimie et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, University Moulay Ismaïl, Meknes, Morocco ; Centre Régional des Métiers d'Education et de Formation, BP 8, Errachidia, Morocco
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86
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Tavangar Z, Zareie N. Efficiency improvement of new Tetrathienoacene-based dyes by enhancing donor, acceptor and bridge units, a theoretical study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 167:72-77. [PMID: 27258685 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of metal free Tetrathienoacene-based (TTA-based) organic dyes are designed and investigated as sensitizers for application in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Density function theory and time dependent density function theory calculations were performed on these dyes at vacuum and orthodichlorobenzene as the solvent. Effects of changing π-conjugation bridges and different functional groups in acceptor and donor units were investigated. UV-Vis absorption spectra were simulated to show the wavelength shifting and absorption properties. Inserting nitro and acyl chloride functional groups in acceptor and NH2 in donor units leads to the reduction of HOMO-LUMO gap by lowering the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level and raising the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level and the increase in effective parameters in DSSC' efficiency. The results show that changing spacer units from thiophene to furan has a great effect on electronic structure and absorption spectra. Investigation of the electron distributions of frontier orbitals shows the HOMO and LUMO localization in donor and acceptor, respectively. Some key parameters that were studied here include light harvesting efficiency, free energy of electron injection and open circuit photo-voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tavangar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Iran.
| | - Nazanin Zareie
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Iran
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87
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Okujima T, Mack J, Nakamura J, Kubheka G, Nyokong T, Zhu H, Komobuchi N, Ono N, Yamada H, Uno H, Kobayashi N. Synthesis, Characterization, and Electronic Structures of Porphyrins Fused with Polycyclic Aromatic Ring Systems. Chemistry 2016; 22:14730-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Okujima
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - John Mack
- Department of Chemistry; Rhodes University; Grahamstown 6410 South Africa
| | - Jun Nakamura
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Gugu Kubheka
- Department of Chemistry; Rhodes University; Grahamstown 6410 South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry; Rhodes University; Grahamstown 6410 South Africa
| | - Hua Zhu
- Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Naoki Komobuchi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Noboru Ono
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology; Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology; Shinshu University; Ueda 386-8567 Japan
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88
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Kulesza AJ, Titov E, Daly S, Włodarczyk R, Megow J, Saalfrank P, Choi CM, MacAleese L, Antoine R, Dugourd P. Excited States of Xanthene Analogues: Photofragmentation and Calculations by CC2 and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3129-3138. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jan Kulesza
- Univ Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière; F-69622 Lyon France
| | - Evgenii Titov
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie; Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 25 D-14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Steven Daly
- Univ Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière; F-69622 Lyon France
| | - Radosław Włodarczyk
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie; Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 25 D-14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Jörg Megow
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie; Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 25 D-14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Peter Saalfrank
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie; Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 25 D-14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Chang Min Choi
- Univ Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière; F-69622 Lyon France
| | - Luke MacAleese
- Univ Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière; F-69622 Lyon France
| | - Rodolphe Antoine
- Univ Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière; F-69622 Lyon France
| | - Philippe Dugourd
- Univ Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière; F-69622 Lyon France
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89
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Poidevin C, Lepetit C, Ben Amor N, Chauvin R. Truncated Transition Densities for Analysis of (Nonlinear) Optical Properties of carbo-Chromophores. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:3727-40. [PMID: 27359162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The optical properties of several quadrupolar carbo-benzene derivatives are investigated at various levels of calculation (TDDFT and CASPT2) and analyzed using a new theoretical tool here disclosed: The "visualization" of the transition dipole moment from the transition density truncated to the main monoexcitations involved in the electronic transition (TTD). The experimental or calculated one-photon UV-visible absorption spectra of the carbo-benzene derivatives fit with the Gouterman model originally proposed for porphyrins, where the first four excited states involve linear combinations of monoexcitations of the same four frontier molecular orbitals. The relative intensities of the absorption bands are analyzed from the transition dipole moments calculated from the TTDs and an analogy between porphyrins and carbo-benzenes is argued. The two-photon absorption (TPA) cross section related to the third-order nonlinear optical response is calculated for each two-photon-allowed excited state |f⟩ from the contribution of all possible intermediate excited states |i⟩ using the "sum-over-state" (SOS) scheme. The quadrupolar carbo-benzene derivatives fit into the three-level model, as their TPA cross section exhibits a dominant contribution of one of the intermediate excited states. The origin of TPA efficiency (enhancement) upon carbo-merisation of the C-C link to the para-substituents is discussed from the excitation energies of the intermediate and final excited states and from the two corresponding transition dipole moments (μ0i and μif). The latter may be calculated from the TTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Poidevin
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) , 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP , F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Christine Lepetit
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) , 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP , F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Nadia Ben Amor
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626 (CNRS), IRSAMC, Université P. Sabatier , 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Remi Chauvin
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) , 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP , F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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90
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Hestand NJ, Spano FC. Interference between Coulombic and CT-mediated couplings in molecular aggregates: H- to J-aggregate transformation in perylene-based π-stacks. J Chem Phys 2016; 143:244707. [PMID: 26723702 DOI: 10.1063/1.4938012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectroscopic differences between J and H-aggregates are traditionally attributed to the spatial dependence of the Coulombic coupling, as originally proposed by Kasha. However, in tightly packed molecular aggregates wave functions on neighboring molecules overlap, leading to an additional charge transfer (CT) mediated exciton coupling with a vastly different spatial dependence. The latter is governed by the nodal patterns of the molecular LUMOs and HOMOs from which the electron (te) and hole (th) transfer integrals derive. The sign of the CT-mediated coupling depends on the sign of the product teth and is therefore highly sensitive to small (sub-Angstrom) transverse displacements or slips. Given that Coulombic and CT-mediated couplings exist simultaneously in tightly packed molecular systems, the interference between the two must be considered when defining J and H-aggregates. Generally, such π-stacked aggregates do not abide by the traditional classification scheme of Kasha: for example, even when the Coulomb coupling is strong the presence of a similarly strong but destructively interfering CT-mediated coupling results in "null-aggregates" which spectroscopically resemble uncoupled molecules. Based on a Frenkel/CT Holstein Hamiltonian that takes into account both sources of electronic coupling as well as intramolecular vibrations, vibronic spectral signatures are developed for integrated Frenkel/CT systems in both the perturbative and resonance regimes. In the perturbative regime, the sign of the lowest exciton band curvature, which rigorously defines J and H-aggregation, is directly tracked by the ratio of the first two vibronic peak intensities. Even in the resonance regime, the vibronic ratio remains a useful tool to evaluate the J or H nature of the system. The theory developed is applied to the reversible H to J-aggregate transformations recently observed in several perylene bisimide systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Hestand
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Frank C Spano
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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91
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Mewes SA, Plasser F, Dreuw A. Communication: Exciton analysis in time-dependent density functional theory: How functionals shape excited-state characters. J Chem Phys 2016; 143:171101. [PMID: 26547149 DOI: 10.1063/1.4935178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Excited-state descriptors based on the one-particle transition density matrix referring to the exciton picture have been implemented for time-dependent density functional theory. State characters such as local, extended ππ(∗), Rydberg, or charge transfer can be intuitively classified by simple comparison of these descriptors. Strong effects of the choice of the exchange-correlation kernel on the physical nature of excited states can be found and decomposed in detail leading to a new perspective on functional performance and the design of new functionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie A Mewes
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Plasser
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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92
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Cheng X, Zhang Y, Jónsson E, Jónsson H, Weber PM. Charge localization in a diamine cation provides a test of energy functionals and self-interaction correction. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11013. [PMID: 26980327 PMCID: PMC4799366 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) is widely applied in calculations of molecules and materials. Yet, it suffers from a well-known over-emphasis on charge delocalization arising from self-interaction error that destabilizes localized states. Here, using the symmetric diamine N,N'-dimethylpiperazine as a model, we have experimentally determined the relative energy of a state with positive charge localized on one of the two nitrogen atoms, and a state with positive charge delocalized over both nitrogen atoms. The charge-localized state was found to be 0.33 (0.04) eV higher in energy than the charge-delocalized state. This provides an important test of theoretical approaches to electronic structure calculations. Calculations with all DFT functionals commonly used today, including hybrid functionals with exact exchange, fail to predict a stable charge-localized state. However, the application of an explicit self-interaction correction to a semi-local functional identifies both states and gives relative energy in excellent agreement with both experiment and CCSD(T) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Elvar Jónsson
- COMP, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FIN-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Hannes Jónsson
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
- COMP, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FIN-00076 Espoo, Finland
- Faculty of Physical Sciences, VR-III, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Peter M. Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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93
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Cai X, Li X, Xie G, He Z, Gao K, Liu K, Chen D, Cao Y, Su SJ. "Rate-limited effect" of reverse intersystem crossing process: the key for tuning thermally activated delayed fluorescence lifetime and efficiency roll-off of organic light emitting diodes. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4264-4275. [PMID: 30155073 PMCID: PMC6013828 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00542j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate constant of reverse intersystem crossing was found to be the “rate-limited step” in thermally activated delayed fluorescence lifetime governing.
Issues concerning excited state lifetime (τTADF) tuning of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials are critical for organic light emitting diode (OLED) applications and other specific fields. For TADF-OLEDs, employing emitters with a short τTADF gives rise to suppressed singlet–triplet annihilation (STA) and triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA), leading to reduced efficiency roll-off at practical relevant brightness (100 and 1000 cd m–2 for display and illumination applications, respectively). Through molecular design, exciton dynamic process rate constants including fluorescence (kF), intersystem crossing (kISC), internal conversion (kIC) and reverse intersystem crossing (kRISC) are selectively altered, affording four representative TADF emitters. Based on lifetime and quantum yield measurements, kF, kISC, kIC and kRISC are calculated for four emitters and their interrelationship matches corrected time-dependent density functional theory simulation. Among them, even with a small kF, low photoluminescence quantum efficiency (Φ) and large kISC, molecules with a small singlet–triplet splitting energy (ΔEST) and lowest charge transfer triplet excited state (3CT) eventuate in shortening the τTADF. Herein, kRISC, which is inversely proportional to ΔEST, turns out to be the rate-limited factor in tuning the τTADF (“rate limited effect” of the RISC process). As revealed by flexible potential surface scanning, PyCN–ACR exhibited a moderate kF, reduced kIC and enlarged kRISC, resulting in a short τTADF and a moderate Φ with orange-red emission. OLEDs containing PyCN–ACR as the emitting guest achieved orange-red TADF-OLEDs with an emission peak at 590 nm and the best external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 12.4%/9.9%/5.1% at practical luminances of 100/1000/10 000 cd m–2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China .
| | - Xianglong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China .
| | - Gaozhan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China .
| | - Zuozheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China .
| | - Kuo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China .
| | - Kunkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China .
| | - Dongcheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China .
| | - Yong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China .
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China .
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94
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Mosquera MA, Borca CH, Ratner MA, Schatz GC. Connection between Hybrid Functionals and Importance of the Local Density Approximation. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1605-12. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b10864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martín A. Mosquera
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Carlos H. Borca
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mark A. Ratner
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George C. Schatz
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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95
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Pichierri F. Computational design of cucurbituril-acene hybrids for the optical detection of cesium ions: DFT and TD-DFT studies. Theor Chem Acc 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-016-1824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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96
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Maier TM, Bahmann H, Arbuznikov AV, Kaupp M. Validation of local hybrid functionals for TDDFT calculations of electronic excitation energies. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:074106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4941919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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97
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Titov E, Saalfrank P. Exciton Splitting of Adsorbed and Free 4-Nitroazobenzene Dimers: A Quantum Chemical Study. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:3055-70. [PMID: 26709622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b10376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches such as azobenzenes, which undergo photochemical trans ↔ cis isomerizations, are often mounted for possible applications on a surface and/or surrounded by other switches, for example, in self-assembled monolayers. This may suppress the isomerization cross section due to possible steric reasons, or, as recently speculated, by exciton coupling to neighboring switches, leading to ultrafast electronic quenching (Gahl et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 1831). The presence of exciton coupling has been anticipated from a blue shift of the optical absorption band, compared to molecules in solution. From the theory side the need arises to properly analyze and quantify the change of absorption spectra of interacting and adsorbed switches. In particular, suitable methods should be identified, and effects of intermolecule and molecule-surface interactions on spectra should be disentangled. In this paper by means of time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TD-HF), various flavors of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), and the correlated wave function based coupled-cluster (CC2) method we investigated the 4-nitroazobenzene molecule as an example: The low-lying singlet excited states in the isolated trans monomer and dimer as well as their composites with a silicon pentamantane nanocluster, which serves also as a crude model for a silicon surface, were determined. As most important results we found that (i) HF, CC2, range-separated density functionals, or global hybrids with large amount of exact exchange are able to describe exciton (Davydov) splitting properly, while hybrids with small amount of exact exchange fail producing spurious charge transfer. (ii) The exciton splitting in a free dimer would lead to a blue shift of the absorption signal; however, this effect is almost nullified or even overcompensated by the shift arising from van der Waals interactions between the two molecules. (iii) Adsorption on the Si "surface" leads to a further, strong red shift for the present system. (iv) At a next-nearest neighbor distance (of ∼3.6 Å), the exciton splitting is ∼0.3 eV, with or without "surface", suggesting a rapid quenching of the molecular π → π* excitation. At larger distances, exciton splitting decreases rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Titov
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Saalfrank
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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98
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Aschi M, Barone V, Carlotti B, Daidone I, Elisei F, Amadei A. Photoexcitation and relaxation kinetics of molecular systems in solution: towards a complete in silico model. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:28919-28931. [PMID: 27725986 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06167b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical–computational method is proposed for modelling the complete kinetics – from photo-excitation to relaxation – of a chromophore in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benedetta Carlotti
- Department of Chemistry
- Biology and Biotechnology and Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN)
- University of Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
| | - Isabella Daidone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche
- University of l'Aquila
- Italy
| | - Fausto Elisei
- Department of Chemistry
- Biology and Biotechnology and Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN)
- University of Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
| | - Andrea Amadei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Universiy of Roma Tor Vergata
- 00100 Roma
- Italy
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99
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Zarate X, Claveria-Cadiz F, Arias-Olivares D, Rodriguez-Serrano A, Inostroza N, Schott E. Effects of the acceptor unit in dyes with acceptor–bridge–donor architecture on the electron photo-injection mechanism and aggregation in DSSCs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:24239-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04662b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photo-injection mechanism is influenced by the acceptor motif of dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Zarate
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas
- Facultad de Ingeniería
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Francisca Claveria-Cadiz
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - David Arias-Olivares
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | | | - Natalia Inostroza
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas
- Facultad de Ingeniería
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Eduardo Schott
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Santiago
- Chile
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100
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Mack J, Mkhize S, Safonova EA, Martynov AG, Gorbunova YG, Tsivadze AY, Nyokong T. MCD spectroscopy and TD-DFT calculations of magnesium tetra-(15-crown-5-oxanthreno)-phthalocyanine. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616500322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An analysis of the MCD spectroscopy and TD-DFT calculations of magnesium tetra-(15-crown-5-oxanthreno)-phthalocyanine is reported. This study provides a reassessment of an earlier study on the nature of the bands in UV-visible absorption spectra of magnesium and zinc tetra-(15-crown-5-oxanthreno)-phthalocyanine that was based on an analysis of TD-DFT calculations for a series of model complexes with the B3LYP functional. A detailed analysis of MCD spectral data and TD-DFT calculations with the CAM-B3LYP functional for the complete Mg(II) complex provides an additional insight into the optical properties and electronic structures of tetra-(15-crown-5-oxanthreno)-phthalocyanines. Thus, the bands in the Q-band region are reassigned as being due exclusively to the Q transition of Gouterman’s 4-orbital model, since intense pseudo-[Formula: see text] terms are observed in the MCD spectrum in a spectral region that had previously been assigned as charge transfer bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mack
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Scebi Mkhize
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Evgeniya A. Safonova
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 31, Bldg. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Alexander G. Martynov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 31, Bldg. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Yulia G. Gorbunova
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 31, Bldg. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Aslan Yu. Tsivadze
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 31, Bldg. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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