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Montes-Grajales D, Bernardes GJL, Olivero-Verbel J. Urban Endocrine Disruptors Targeting Breast Cancer Proteins. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:150-61. [PMID: 26700111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to a huge amount of environmental pollutants called endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). These molecules interfere with the homeostasis of the body, usually through mimicking natural hormones leading to activation or blocking of their receptors. Many of these compounds have been associated with a broad range of diseases including the development or increased susceptibility to breast cancer, the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide, according to the World Health Organization. Thus, this article presents a virtual high-throughput screening (vHTS) to evaluate the affinity of proteins related to breast cancer, such as ESR1, ERBB2, PGR, BCRA1, and SHBG, among others, with EDCs from urban sources. A blind docking strategy was employed to screen each protein-ligand pair in triplicate in AutoDock Vina 2.0, using the computed binding affinities as ranking criteria. The three-dimensional structures were previously obtained from EDCs DataBank and Protein Data Bank, prepared and optimized by SYBYL X-2.0. Some of the chemicals that exhibited the best affinity scores for breast cancer proteins in each category were 1,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, bisphenol A derivatives, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, and benzo(a)pyrene, for catalase, several proteins, sex hormone-binding globulin, and cytochrome P450 1A2, respectively. An experimental validation of this approach was performed with a complex that gave a moderate binding affinity in silico, the sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and bisphenol A (BPA) complex. The protein was obtained using DNA recombinant technology and the physical interaction with BPA assessed through spectroscopic techniques. BPA binds on the recombinant SHBG, and this results in an increase of its α helix content. In short, this work shows the potential of several EDCs to bind breast cancer associated proteins as a tool to prioritize compounds to perform in vitro analysis to benefit the regulation or exposure prevention by the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Montes-Grajales
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena , Cartagena 130015, Colombia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena , Cartagena 130015, Colombia
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Clewell RA, McMullen PD, Adeleye Y, Carmichael PL, Andersen ME. Pathway Based Toxicology and Fit-for-Purpose Assays. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 856:205-230. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33826-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Ng HW, Doughty SW, Luo H, Ye H, Ge W, Tong W, Hong H. Development and Validation of Decision Forest Model for Estrogen Receptor Binding Prediction of Chemicals Using Large Data Sets. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:2343-51. [PMID: 26524122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Some chemicals in the environment possess the potential to interact with the endocrine system in the human body. Multiple receptors are involved in the endocrine system; estrogen receptor α (ERα) plays very important roles in endocrine activity and is the most studied receptor. Understanding and predicting estrogenic activity of chemicals facilitates the evaluation of their endocrine activity. Hence, we have developed a decision forest classification model to predict chemical binding to ERα using a large training data set of 3308 chemicals obtained from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Estrogenic Activity Database. We tested the model using cross validations and external data sets of 1641 chemicals obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's ToxCast project. The model showed good performance in both internal (92% accuracy) and external validations (∼ 70-89% relative balanced accuracies), where the latter involved the validations of the model across different ER pathway-related assays in ToxCast. The important features that contribute to the prediction ability of the model were identified through informative descriptor analysis and were related to current knowledge of ER binding. Prediction confidence analysis revealed that the model had both high prediction confidence and accuracy for most predicted chemicals. The results demonstrated that the model constructed based on the large training data set is more accurate and robust for predicting ER binding of chemicals than the published models that have been developed using much smaller data sets. The model could be useful for the evaluation of ERα-mediated endocrine activity potential of environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wen Ng
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Stephen W Doughty
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus , Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Heng Luo
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Hao Ye
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Weigong Ge
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Weida Tong
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Huixiao Hong
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
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Determination of four paraben-type preservatives and three benzophenone-type ultraviolet light filters in seafoods by LC-QqLIT-MS/MS. Food Chem 2015; 194:1199-207. [PMID: 26471672 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, an efficient and sensitive analytical method based on liquid chromatography-quadrupole linear ion trap-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QqLIT-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of four paraben-type preservatives and three benzophenone-type ultraviolet light filters in both plant (Sargassum fusiforme, porphyra, kelp) and animal (hairtail, yellow croaker, shrimp) seafood. The samples were extracted in methanol by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and the extracts were then cleaned up by mixed-mode cationic exchange (MCX) solid-phase extraction cartridges. Both isotope-labeled internal standards and matrix-matched calibration standards were used to alleviate and correct for the matrix effects, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were 10.0μg kg(-1) for all target compounds. The average recoveries were in the range of 80.6-107.8% at three spiked concentration levels (10, 50 and 100μgkg(-1)) with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 8.5%. The results suggest that very limited contamination of these seven emerging contaminants, mainly associated with PCPs, occurred in these common seafoods.
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Hunsberger JG, Efthymiou AG, Malik N, Behl M, Mead IL, Zeng X, Simeonov A, Rao M. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Models to Enable In Vitro Models for Screening in the Central Nervous System. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1852-64. [PMID: 25794298 PMCID: PMC4533087 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is great need to develop more predictive drug discovery tools to identify new therapies to treat diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Current nonpluripotent stem cell-based models often utilize non-CNS immortalized cell lines and do not enable the development of personalized models of disease. In this review, we discuss why in vitro models are necessary for translational research and outline the unique advantages of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based models over those of current systems. We suggest that iPSC-based models can be patient specific and isogenic lines can be differentiated into many neural cell types for detailed comparisons. iPSC-derived cells can be combined to form small organoids, or large panels of lines can be developed that enable new forms of analysis. iPSC and embryonic stem cell-derived cells can be readily engineered to develop reporters for lineage studies or mechanism of action experiments further extending the utility of iPSC-based systems. We conclude by describing novel technologies that include strategies for the development of diversity panels, novel genomic engineering tools, new three-dimensional organoid systems, and modified high-content screens that may bring toxicology into the 21st century. The strategic integration of these technologies with the advantages of iPSC-derived cell technology, we believe, will be a paradigm shift for toxicology and drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nasir Malik
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mamta Behl
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Ivy L. Mead
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Xianmin Zeng
- Buck Institute for Age Research, Novato, California
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mahendra Rao
- New York Stem Cell Foundation, New York, New York
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Judson RS, Magpantay FM, Chickarmane V, Haskell C, Tania N, Taylor J, Xia M, Huang R, Rotroff DM, Filer DL, Houck KA, Martin MT, Sipes N, Richard AM, Mansouri K, Setzer RW, Knudsen TB, Crofton KM, Thomas RS. Integrated Model of Chemical Perturbations of a Biological Pathway Using 18 In Vitro High-Throughput Screening Assays for the Estrogen Receptor. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148:137-54. [PMID: 26272952 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a computational network model that integrates 18 in vitro, high-throughput screening assays measuring estrogen receptor (ER) binding, dimerization, chromatin binding, transcriptional activation, and ER-dependent cell proliferation. The network model uses activity patterns across the in vitro assays to predict whether a chemical is an ER agonist or antagonist, or is otherwise influencing the assays through a manner dependent on the physics and chemistry of the technology platform ("assay interference"). The method is applied to a library of 1812 commercial and environmental chemicals, including 45 ER positive and negative reference chemicals. Among the reference chemicals, the network model correctly identified the agonists and antagonists with the exception of very weak compounds whose activity was outside the concentration range tested. The model agonist score also correlated with the expected potency class of the active reference chemicals. Of the 1812 chemicals evaluated, 111 (6.1%) were predicted to be strongly ER active in agonist or antagonist mode. This dataset and model were also used to begin a systematic investigation of assay interference. The most prominent cause of false-positive activity (activity in an assay that is likely not due to interaction of the chemical with ER) is cytotoxicity. The model provides the ability to prioritize a large set of important environmental chemicals with human exposure potential for additional in vivo endocrine testing. Finally, this model is generalizable to any molecular pathway for which there are multiple upstream and downstream assays available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Judson
- *U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711;
| | | | - Vijay Chickarmane
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Cymra Haskell
- §Department of Mathematics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Nessy Tania
- Department of Mathematics, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063
| | - Jean Taylor
- Courant Institute, New York University, New York New York 10012
| | - Menghang Xia
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, Maryland 20892
| | - Ruili Huang
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, Maryland 20892
| | - Daniel M Rotroff
- Department of Statistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
| | - Dayne L Filer
- **ORISE Fellow at the U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Keith A Houck
- *U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Matthew T Martin
- *U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Nisha Sipes
- NIH National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Ann M Richard
- *U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Kamel Mansouri
- **ORISE Fellow at the U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - R Woodrow Setzer
- *U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Thomas B Knudsen
- *U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Kevin M Crofton
- *U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Russell S Thomas
- *U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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Lewin G, Escher SE, van der Burg B, Simetska N, Mangelsdorf I. Structural features of endocrine active chemicals – A comparison of in vivo and in vitro data. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 55:81-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Comparative human and rat neurospheres reveal species differences in chemical effects on neurodevelopmental key events. Arch Toxicol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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59
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Dreier DA, Connors KA, Brooks BW. Comparative endpoint sensitivity of in vitro estrogen agonist assays. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 72:185-93. [PMID: 25896097 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Environmental and human health implications of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), particularly xenoestrogens, have received extensive study. In vitro assays are increasingly employed as diagnostic tools to comparatively evaluate chemicals, whole effluent toxicity and surface water quality, and to identify causative EDCs during toxicity identification evaluations. Recently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) initiated ToxCast under the Tox21 program to generate novel bioactivity data through high throughput screening. This information is useful for prioritizing chemicals requiring additional hazard information, including endocrine active chemicals. Though multiple in vitro and in vivo techniques have been developed to assess estrogen agonist activity, the relative endpoint sensitivity of these approaches and agreement of their conclusions remain unclear during environmental diagnostic applications. Probabilistic hazard assessment (PHA) approaches, including chemical toxicity distributions (CTD), are useful for understanding the relative sensitivity of endpoints associated with in vitro and in vivo toxicity assays by predicting the likelihood of chemicals eliciting undesirable outcomes at or above environmentally relevant concentrations. In the present study, PHAs were employed to examine the comparative endpoint sensitivity of 16 in vitro assays for estrogen agonist activity using a diverse group of compounds from the USEPA ToxCast dataset. Reporter gene assays were generally observed to possess greater endpoint sensitivity than other assay types, and the Tox21 ERa LUC BG1 Agonist assay was identified as the most sensitive in vitro endpoint for detecting an estrogenic response. When the sensitivity of this most sensitive ToxCast in vitro endpoint was compared to the human MCF-7 cell proliferation assay, a common in vitro model for biomedical and environmental monitoring applications, the ERa LUC BG1 assay was several orders of magnitude less sensitive than MCF-7. These observations highlight the importance of employing multiple assays with various molecular initiation and signaling events to inform selection, application, and interpretation of in vitro endpoint responses during future environmental diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Dreier
- Environmental Health Science Program, Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Kristin A Connors
- Environmental Health Science Program, Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Environmental Health Science Program, Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
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60
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An exposure:activity profiling method for interpreting high-throughput screening data for estrogenic activity—Proof of concept. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 71:398-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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61
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Costas L, Infante-Rivard C, Zock JP, Van Tongeren M, Boffetta P, Cusson A, Robles C, Casabonne D, Benavente Y, Becker N, Brennan P, Foretova L, Maynadié M, Staines A, Nieters A, Cocco P, de Sanjosé S. Occupational exposure to endocrine disruptors and lymphoma risk in a multi-centric European study. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1251-6. [PMID: 25742473 PMCID: PMC4385964 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence rates of lymphoma are usually higher in men than in women, and oestrogens may protect against lymphoma. METHODS We evaluated occupational exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) among 2457 controls and 2178 incident lymphoma cases and subtypes from the European Epilymph study. RESULTS Over 30 years of exposure to EDCs compared to no exposure was associated with a 24% increased risk of mature B-cell neoplasms (P-trend=0.02). Associations were observed among men, but not women. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged occupational exposure to endocrine disruptors seems to be moderately associated with some lymphoma subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Costas
- Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Infante-Rivard
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada H3A 1A2
| | - J-P Zock
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), 3500 Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Van Tongeren
- Centre for Human Exposure Science (CHES), Institute of Occupational Medicine, EH14 4AP Edinburgh, UK
| | - P Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029 NY, USA
| | - A Cusson
- Centre de Recherche, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1C4
| | - C Robles
- Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Casabonne
- Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Benavente
- Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - N Becker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Brennan
- IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - L Foretova
- Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and MF MU, 65653 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Maynadié
- Biological Hematology Unit, CRB Ferdinand Cabanne, Universitary Hospital of Dijon and EA4184, University of Burgundy, EA 4184 Dijon, France
| | - A Staines
- Public Health University College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Nieters
- Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, Molecular Epidemiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - P Cocco
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - S de Sanjosé
- Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Elucidating mechanisms of toxicity using phenotypic data from primary human cell systems--a chemical biology approach for thrombosis-related side effects. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:1008-29. [PMID: 25569083 PMCID: PMC4307287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16011008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a chemical biology approach for elucidating potential toxicity mechanisms for thrombosis-related side effects. This work takes advantage of a large chemical biology data set comprising the effects of known, well-characterized reference agents on the cell surface levels of tissue factor (TF) in a primary human endothelial cell-based model of vascular inflammation, the BioMAP® 3C system. In previous work with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the ToxCast™ program, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists and estrogen receptor (ER) antagonists were found to share an usual activity, that of increasing TF levels in this system. Since human exposure to compounds in both chemical classes is associated with increased incidence of thrombosis-related side effects, we expanded this analysis with a large number of well-characterized reference compounds in order to better understand the underlying mechanisms. As a result, mechanisms for increasing (AhR, histamine H1 receptor, histone deacetylase or HDAC, hsp90, nuclear factor kappa B or NFκB, MEK, oncostatin M receptor, Jak kinase, and p38 MAPK) and decreasing (vacuolar ATPase or V-ATPase) and mTOR) TF expression levels were uncovered. These data identify the nutrient, lipid, bacterial, and hypoxia sensing functions of autophagy as potential key regulatory points controlling cell surface TF levels in endothelial cells and support the mechanistic hypothesis that these functions are associated with thrombosis-related side effects in vivo.
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63
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Rücker
- Institute for Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg , Scharnhorststrasse 1, D-21335 Lüneburg, Germany
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