51
|
Abstract
Phosphorus complexes of porphyrinoids such as porphyrins, corroles, [Formula: see text]-fused porphyrins, [Formula: see text]-fused expanded porphyrins and expanded porphyrins can be prepared readily by treating the porphyrinoid with phosphorylating agents such as PX3, PX5and POX3(X [Formula: see text] Cl or Br) under standard reaction conditions. In phosphorus porphyrinoids, the phosphorus is generally high valent [Formula: see text]5 oxidation state and the coordination number is varied from four to six. The insertion of P(V) into porphyrinoids alters the structure and electronic properties of the macrocycle significantly. Specially, the phosphorus binding mode is different from one porphyrinoid to another. The oxophilicity nature of P(V) in P(V) porphyrinoids is very useful to change variety of axial ligands and also helps to synthesize multi-porphyrin arrays by axial bonding approach. This review summarizes the phosphorus complexes of five different porphyrinoids and discusses their structure and electronic properties as well as their applications in the synthesis of more elaborate P(V) porphyrinoid based architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritambhara Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Barata JFB, Neves MGPMS, Faustino MAF, Tomé AC, Cavaleiro JAS. Strategies for Corrole Functionalization. Chem Rev 2016; 117:3192-3253. [PMID: 28222602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the functionalization reactions of meso-arylcorroles, both at the inner core, as well as the peripheral positions of the macrocycle. Experimental details for the synthesis of all known metallocorrole types and for the N-alkylation reactions are presented. Key peripheral functionalization reactions such as halogenation, formylation, carboxylation, nitration, sulfonation, and others are discussed in detail, particularly the nucleophilic aromatic substitution and the participation of corroles in cycloaddition reactions as 2π or 4π components (covering Diels-Alder and 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions). Other functionalizations of corroles include a large diversity of reactions, namely Wittig reactions, reactions with methylene active compounds, formation of amines, amides, and imines, and metal catalyzed reactions. At the final section, the reactions involving oxidation and ring expansion of the corrole macrocycle are described comprehensively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana F B Barata
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Graça P M S Neves
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Amparo F Faustino
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Augusto C Tomé
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José A S Cavaleiro
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, and ‡Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Abstract
Corroles are exceptionally promising platforms for the development of agents for simultaneous cancer-targeting imaging and therapy. Depending on the element chelated by the corrole, these theranostic agents may be tuned primarily for diagnostic or therapeutic function. Versatile synthetic methodologies allow for the preparation of amphipolar derivatives, which form stable noncovalent conjugates with targeting biomolecules. These conjugates can be engineered for imaging and targeting as well as therapeutic function within one theranostic assembly. In this review, we begin with a brief outline of corrole chemistry that has been uniquely useful in designing corrole-based anticancer agents. Then we turn attention to the early literature regarding corrole anticancer activity, which commenced one year after the first scalable synthesis was reported (1999-2000). In 2001, a major advance was made with the introduction of negatively charged corroles, as these molecules, being amphipolar, form stable conjugates with many proteins. More recently, both cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of metallocorroles have been documented in experimental investigations employing advanced optical spectroscopic as well as magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Key results from work on both cellular and animal models are reviewed, with emphasis on those that have shed new light on the mechanisms associated with anticancer activity. In closing, we predict a very bright future for corrole anticancer research, as it is experiencing exponential growth, taking full advantage of recently developed imaging and therapeutic modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie D Teo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jae Youn Hwang
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - John Termini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope , 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Harry B Gray
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Zhu W, Huang T, Qin M, Li M, Mack J, Liang X. Tuning the synthetic cobalt(III)corroles electroreductive catalyzed lindane dehalogenation reactivity through meso-substituents. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
55
|
Phosphorus(V) corrole: DNA binding, photonuclease activity and cytotoxicity toward tumor cells. Bioorg Chem 2016; 67:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
56
|
Idec A, Skonieczny J, Latos-Grażyński L, Pawlicki M. A Mixed-Valence Bis-Phosphorus Complex Entrapped in a Oxatriphyrin(3.1.1) Surrounding. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Idec
- Wydział Chemii; University of Wrocław; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Janusz Skonieczny
- Wydział Chemii; University of Wrocław; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50383 Wrocław Poland
- Wrocław Research Centre EIT+; Stabłowicka 147 54-066 Wrocław Poland
| | | | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Wydział Chemii; University of Wrocław; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50383 Wrocław Poland
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Vestfrid J, Kothari R, Kostenko A, Goldberg I, Tumanskii B, Gross Z. Intriguing Physical and Chemical Properties of Phosphorus Corroles. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:6061-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenya Vestfrid
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Rashmi Kothari
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Arseni Kostenko
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Israel Goldberg
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Boris Tumanskii
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Pomarico G, Tortora L, Fronczek FR, Smith KM, Paolesse R. Selective nitration and bromination of surprisingly ruffled phosphorus corroles. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 158:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
59
|
Li M, Liang L, Ni C, Liang X, Zhu W. meso-Tetrakis-(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin iron(III) chloride electrocatalyzed dechlorination of DDT: Rational molecule design towards enhanced removal of environmental harmful organochlorides. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
60
|
Chatterjee T, Lee WZ, Ravikanth M. Stabilization of hexa-coordinated P(v) corroles by axial silyloxy groups. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:7815-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00842a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the stabilization of the hexa-coordination environment for P(v) corroles using alkyl/aryl substituted silyloxy groups as axial ligands. The P(v) corroles are highly fluorescent and highly stable under electrochemical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamal Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400 076
- India
| | - Way-Zen Lee
- Instrumentation Center
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Aydin G, Temelli B, Unaleroglu C. Selective Synthesis of Tripyrranes, Tetrapyrranes, and Corroles. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
62
|
Ramu V, Ali F, Taye N, Garai B, Alam A, Chattopadhyay S, Das A. New imaging reagents for lipid dense regions in live cells and the nucleus in fixed MCF-7 cells. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:7177-7185. [PMID: 32262824 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01309g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two new uracil (U) and 5-flurouracil (5-FU) labeled ruthenium(ii)-polypyridyl based cellular imaging reagents are reported. Confocal laser scanning microscopic images with live and paraformaldehyde (PFA) fixed MCF-7 cells are examined using these two low-cytotoxic reagents. Experimental results show that these two complexes, appropriately functionalized with U (1) and 5-FU (2), have specific affinity for the lipid dense regions like the endoplasmic reticulum, cell membrane, and cytoplasmic vacuoles in live MCF-7 cells, and dye internalization in these regions happened following an endocytosis pathway. Interestingly, these two complexes are found to be localized in the nucleus of the PFA fixed cells. For fixed cells, presumably the lipid layer disruption helped in the explicit localization of the complexes 1 and 2 in the cell nucleus through specific interaction with cellular DNA. Poor and non-specific internalization of an analogous model complex 3, without having a U or 5-FU moiety, reveals the definite influence of U or 5-FU as well as the role of lipophilicity of the respective complex 1 and 2 in the cellular internalization process. Apart from these, a large Stokes shift (∼160 nm) and an appreciably long lived 3MLCT excited state (∼320 ns) in aq. buffer medium (pH 7.4) are other key features for complexes 1 and 2. Unlike the common nuclear DNA staining reagents like DAPI, these low-cytotoxic reagents are found to be highly stable towards photo-bleaching upon irradiation with 455 nm at the MLCT band for these complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vadde Ramu
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
63
|
Mahammed A, Gross Z. Metallocorroles as Photocatalysts for Driving Endergonic Reactions, Exemplified by Bromide to Bromine Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12370-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
64
|
Mahammed A, Gross Z. Metallocorroles as Photocatalysts for Driving Endergonic Reactions, Exemplified by Bromide to Bromine Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
65
|
Sinha W, Kumar M, Garai A, Purohit CS, Som T, Kar S. Semi-insulating behaviour of self-assembled tin(IV)corrole nanospheres. Dalton Trans 2015; 43:12564-73. [PMID: 25005871 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01257g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Three novel tin(iv)corrole complexes have been prepared and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques including single crystal X-ray structural analysis. Packing diagrams of the tin(iv)corroles revealed that corrolato-tin(iv)-chloride molecules are interconnected by intermolecular C-HCl hydrogen bonding interactions. HCl distances are 2.848 Å, 3.051 Å, and 2.915 Å, respectively, for the complexes. In addition, the C-HCl angles are 119.72°, 144.70°, and 147.08°, respectively, for the complexes. It was also observed that in one of the three synthesized complexes dimers were formed, while in the other two cases 1D infinite polymer chains were formed. Well-defined and nicely organized three-dimensional hollow nanospheres (SEM images on silicon wafers) with diameters of ca. 676 nm and 661 nm are obtained in the complexes, forming 1D polymer chains. By applying a thin layer of tin(iv)corrole nanospheres to an ITO surface (AFM height images of ITO films; ∼200 nm in height), a device was fabricated with the following composition: Ag/ITO-coated glass/tin(iv)corrole nanospheres/ITO-coated glass/Ag. The resistivity (ρ) of the nanostructured film was calculated to be ∼2.4 × 10(8) Ω cm, which falls in the range of semi-insulating semiconductors. CAFM current maps at 10 V bias show bright spots with a 10-20 pA intensity and indicate that the nanospheres (∼250 nm in diameter) are the electron-conducting pathway in the device. The semi-insulating behavior arises from the non-facile electron transfer in the HOMOs of the tin(iv)corrole nanospheres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woormileela Sinha
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar - 751005, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
66
|
Rhoda HM, Crandall LA, Geier GR, Ziegler CJ, Nemykin VN. Combined MCD/DFT/TDDFT Study of the Electronic Structure of Axially Pyridine Coordinated Metallocorroles. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:4652-62. [PMID: 25950991 DOI: 10.1021/ic502946t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of metallocorroles were investigated by UV-vis and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopies. The diamagnetic distorted square-pyramidal main-group corrole Ga(tpfc)py (2), the diamagnetic distorted octahedral transition-metal adduct Co(tpfc)(py)2 (3), and paramagnetic distorted octahedral transition-metal complex Fe(tpfc)(py)2 (4) [H3tpfc = tris(perfluorophenyl)corrole] were studied to investigate similarities and differences in the electronic structure and spectroscopy of the closed- and open-shell metallocorroles. Similar to the free-base H3tpfc (1), inspection of the MCD Faraday B-terms for all of the macrocycles presented in this report revealed that a ΔHOMO < ΔLUMO [ΔHOMO is the energy difference between two highest energy corrole-centered π-orbitals and ΔLUMO is the energy difference between two lowest energy corrole-centered π*-orbitals originating from ML ± 4 and ML ± 5 pairs of perimeter] condition is present for each complex, which results in an unusual sign-reversed sequence for π-π* transitions in their MCD spectra. In addition, the MCD spectra of the cobalt and the iron complexes were also complicated by a number of charge-transfer states in the visible region. Iron complex 4 also exhibits a low-energy absorption in the NIR region (1023 nm). DFT and TDDFT calculations were used to elaborate the electronic structures and provide band assignments in UV-vis and MCD spectra of the metallocorroles. DFT and TDDFT calculations predict that the orientation of the axial pyridine ligand(s) has a very minor influence on the calculated electronic structures and absorption spectra in the target systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura A Crandall
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, 190 E. Buchtel Common, Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, United States
| | - G Richard Geier
- §Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - Christopher J Ziegler
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, 190 E. Buchtel Common, Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Padilla R, Buckley HL, Ward AL, Arnold J. Preparation and characterization of a tungsten(V) corrole dichloride complex. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424614500990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The first example of a tungsten(V) corrole complex, ( Mes 2(p- OMePh ) corrole ) WCl 2, has been prepared through a metathesis reaction of a lithium corrole ( Mes 2(p- OMePh ) corrole ) Li 3 ⋅ 6 THF and WCl 6. The product constitutes the first example of a tungsten(V) corrole complex synthesized under mild conditions and only the second example of a tungsten corrole complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Padilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Heather L. Buckley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ashleigh L. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Canard G, Gao D, D'Aléo A, Giorgi M, Dang FX, Balaban TS. meso-Ester Corroles. Chemistry 2015; 21:7760-71. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
69
|
Kalita H, Lee WZ, Ravikanth M. Phosphorus Complexes of meso-Triaryl-25-oxasmaragdyrins. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:9431-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501629n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hemanta Kalita
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Way-Zen Lee
- Instrumentation Center, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University,88 Section 4 Ting-Chow Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
70
|
Buckley HL, Rubin LK, Chromiński M, McNicholas BJ, Tsen KHY, Gryko DT, Arnold J. Corroles That “Click”: Modular Synthesis of Azido- and Propargyl-Functionalized Metallocorrole Complexes and Convergent Synthesis of a Bis-corrole Scaffold. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:7941-50. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500714h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather L. Buckley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Leah K. Rubin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mikołaj Chromiński
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Brendon J. McNicholas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Katherine H. Y. Tsen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - John Arnold
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|