51
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Regeneration and reuse of polymeric nanocomposites in wastewater remediation: the future of economic water management. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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52
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Naseem K, Hussain Farooqi Z, Zia Ur Rehman M, Atiq Ur Rehman M, Ghufran M. Microgels as efficient adsorbents for the removal of pollutants from aqueous medium. REV CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2017-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Due to their responsive behavior, high stability, and reusability, microgels have gained importance as adsorbents for the removal of aqueous pollutants such as heavy metals, nitroarenes, organic matter, and toxic dyes. However, there are few challenges that need to be addressed to make microgels as potential adsorbents for the removal of aqueous pollutants. This review article encircles the recent developments in the field of microgel usage as adsorbents for the extraction of aqueous pollutants. Many factors that influence the adsorption of pollutants such as pH, temperature of the medium, agitation time, pollutant concentration, microgel dose, and feed contents of microgels have been discussed in detail. Different adsorption isotherms as well as the kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of the adsorption process have also been enlightened to interpret the insight of the adsorption process. Microgel recovery from the reaction mixture as well as reusability is discussed from the financial point of view. The biodegradability of microgels induced due to the incorporation of specific biomacromolecules is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalida Naseem
- Institute of Chemistry , University of the Punjab, New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry , Kinnaird College for Women , Lahore 54000 , Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Engineering and Technology , Lahore 54890 , Pakistan
| | | | - Maida Ghufran
- Department of Chemistry , Kinnaird College for Women , Lahore 54000 , Pakistan
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53
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The combination of mussel-inspired chemistry and surface-initiated redox polymerization for surface modification of silica microspheres and their environmental adsorption applications. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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54
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Salimi F, Emami SS, Karami C. Removal of methylene blue from water solution by modified nano-boehmite with Bismuth. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2017.1357628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Salimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sayed Shahab Emami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Changiz Karami
- Department of Chemistry, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
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55
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Sol-gel derived xanthan gum/silica nanocomposite—a highly efficient cationic dyes adsorbent in aqueous system. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:596-604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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56
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Hosseinzadeh H, Abdi K. Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue Using a Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Hydrogel Nanocomposite Adsorbent Based on Sodium Alginate–Silicone Dioxide. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-017-0625-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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57
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Bharali D, Deka RC. Preferential adsorption of various anionic and cationic dyes from aqueous solution over ternary CuMgAl layered double hydroxide. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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58
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Superior Adsorption and Regenerable Dye Adsorbent Based on Flower-Like Molybdenum Disulfide Nanostructure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43599. [PMID: 28272411 PMCID: PMC5341088 DOI: 10.1038/srep43599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report superior dye-adsorption performance for flower-like nanostructure composed of two dimensional (2D) MoS2 nanosheets by a facile hydrothermal method, more prominent adsorption of cationic dye compared with anodic dye indicates the dye adsorption performance strongly depends on surface charge of MoS2 nanosheets. The adsorption mechanism of dye is analyzed, the kinetic data of dye adsorption fit well with the pseudo-second-order model, meanwhile adsorption capability at different equilibrium concentrations follows Langmuir model, indicating the favorability and feasibility of dye adsorption. The regenerable property for MoS2 with full adsorption of dye molecules by using alkaline solution were demonstrated, showing the feasibility of reuse for the MoS2, which is promising in its practical water treatment application.
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59
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60
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Wei FH, Chen D, Liang Z, Zhao SQ, Luo Y. Synthesis and characterization of metal–organic frameworks fabricated by microwave-assisted ball milling for adsorptive removal of Congo red from aqueous solutions. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09243a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, four metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) were prepared using a simple, low-cost, and high-efficiency technique utilizing simple carboxylic acids and metal salts by microwave-assisted ball milling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-hua Wei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- PR China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Ding Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- PR China
| | - Zhao Liang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- PR China
| | - Shuai-qi Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- PR China
| | - Yun Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- PR China
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61
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Sekhavat Pour Z, Ghaemy M. Preparation of poly(vinylalcohol)/poly(acrylamide-co-vinyl imidazole)/γ-Fe2O3semi-IPN nanocomposite and their application for removal of heavy metal ions from water. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sekhavat Pour
- Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; University of Mazandaran; Babolsar Iran
| | - Mousa Ghaemy
- Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; University of Mazandaran; Babolsar Iran
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62
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Interaction between chitosan-based clay nanocomposites and cellulose in a chemical pulp suspension. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 137:375-381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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63
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Singh V, Srivastava P, Singh A, Singh D, Malviya T. Polysaccharide-Silica Hybrids: Design and Applications. POLYM REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2015.1090449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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64
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Wang Y, Shi Y, Xu M, Wu L, Jia X, Wei T, Zhang S, Guo X. Smart flocculant with temperature and pH response derived from starch. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04060h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart flocculant derived from starch with temperature and pH dual response was prepared which can be easily regenerated and separated from contaminating dye solution by triggering the temperature and pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Materials Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832000
- China
| | - Yuling Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Materials Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832000
- China
| | - Mengyao Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Materials Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832000
- China
| | - Liang Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Materials Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832000
- China
| | - Xin Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Materials Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832000
- China
| | - Tingting Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Materials Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832000
- China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Xuhong Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Materials Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- Shihezi University
- Shihezi 832000
- China
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65
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Shi L, Hu L, Zheng J, Zhang M, Xu J. Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution using a Ni-Metal Organic Framework Material. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2015.1050731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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66
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Preparation of silica mesoporous nanoparticles functionalized with β-cyclodextrin and its application for methylene blue removal. J Mol Liq 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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67
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Mittal H, Maity A, Ray SS. Effective removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solution using gum ghatti-based biodegradable hydrogel. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 79:8-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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68
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Mittal H, Maity A, Sinha Ray S. The Adsorption of Pb2+ and Cu2+ onto Gum Ghatti-Grafted Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile) Biodegradable Hydrogel: Isotherms and Kinetic Models. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:2026-39. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5090857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Mittal
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- DST/CSIR
National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Arjun Maity
- DST/CSIR
National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- DST/CSIR
National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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69
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Luo F, Li X, He G, Li M, Zhang H. Preparation of Double-Shelled C/SiO2 Hollow Spheres with Enhanced Adsorption Capacity. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ie5031634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, The R&D Center of Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiangcun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, The R&D Center of Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Gaohong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, The R&D Center of Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Mo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, The R&D Center of Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Honglei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, The R&D Center of Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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70
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Abstract
AbstractThe toxic and non-biodegradable nature of organic dyes necessitates the design and synthesis of novel adsorbents for their effective removal from the environment. This study reports an effective remediation behavior of surface-functionalized silica gel against water-soluble cationic dyes (up to 98 % removal). Thiol groups were functionalized at the surface of silica gel (SiO2–SH). The surface-tethered –SH groups were further oxidized to sulfonic acid groups to generate the negatively charged moieties at the surface of silica gel (SiO2–SO3 H). The morphology of the developed adsorbents and the surface modifications were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Uptake study of three cationic dyes, namely, rhodamine B (Rh B), rhodamine 6G (Rh 6G), and crystal violet (CV) with SiO2–SH and SiO2–SO3 H adsorbents was performed by varying the adsorbent amount, contact time, pH of solution, and temperature. The presence of negatively charged species at the surface of SiO2–SO3 H results in an increased electrostatic interaction with the cationic dyes, which leads to better remediation characteristics for SiO2–SO3 H as compared to SiO2–SH. The reusability of the developed adsorbents was also assessed by investigating adsorption/desorption of dyes. The simple fabrication process provides a facile avenue to the adsorbents with efficient remediation towards cationic dyes.
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71
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Zhang J, Li B, Yang W, Liu J. Synthesis of Magnetic Fe3O4@hierarchical Hollow Silica Nanospheres for Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie5000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Baoshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Wanliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, Peoples Republic of China
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72
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Mahto TK, Chowdhuri AR, Sahu SK. Polyaniline-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for the removal of toxic dye from wastewater. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Triveni Kumar Mahto
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Indian School of Mines; Dhanbad 826004 Jharkhand India
| | | | - Sumanta Kumar Sahu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Indian School of Mines; Dhanbad 826004 Jharkhand India
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73
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Ghorai S, Sarkar A, Raoufi M, Panda AB, Schönherr H, Pal S. Enhanced removal of methylene blue and methyl violet dyes from aqueous solution using a nanocomposite of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted xanthan gum and incorporated nanosilica. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:4766-77. [PMID: 24579659 DOI: 10.1021/am4055657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a novel nanocomposite is reported that was developed as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of toxic methylene blue (MB) and methyl violet (MV) from aqueous solution. The nanocomposite comprises hydrolyzed polyacrylamide grafted onto xanthan gum as well as incorporated nanosilica. The synthesis exploits the saponification of the grafted polyacrylamide and the in situ formation of nanoscale SiO2 by a sol-gel reaction, in which the biopolymer matrix promotes the silica polymerization and therefore acts as a novel template for nanosilica formation. The detailed investigation of the kinetics and the adsorption isotherms of MB and MV from aqueous solution showed that the dyes adsorb rapidly, in accordance with a pseudo-second-order kinetics and a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The entropy driven process was furthermore found to strongly depend on the point of zero charge (pzc) of the adsorbent. The remarkably high adsorption capacity of dyes on the nanocomposites (efficiency of MB removal, 99.4%; maximum specific removal Qmax, 497.5 mg g(-1); and efficiency of MV removal, 99.1%; Qmax, 378.8 mg g(-1)) is rationalized on the basis of H-bonding interactions as well as dipole-dipole and electrostatic interactions between anionic adsorbent and cationic dye molecules. Because of the excellent regeneration capacity the nanocomposites are considered interesting materials for the uptake of, for instance, toxic dyes from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Ghorai
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian School of Mines , Dhanbad 826004, India
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74
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Song JM, Liu CC, Zhang SS, Niu HL, Mao CJ, Zhang SY, Shen YH. Sodium borohydride-triggered efficient adsorption and desorption behavior of methylene blue on the surface of Co0.85Se nanosheets. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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75
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Zhang H, Li X, He G, Zhan J, Liu D. Preparation of Magnetic Composite Hollow Microsphere and Its Adsorption Capacity for Basic Dyes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie402404z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, The R&D Center of Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiangcun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, The R&D Center of Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Gaohong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, The R&D Center of Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingjing Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, The R&D Center of Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, The R&D Center of Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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76
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Chen L, Bai B. Equilibrium, Kinetic, Thermodynamic, and in Situ Regeneration Studies about Methylene Blue Adsorption by the Raspberry-like TiO2@yeast Microspheres. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Chen
- College of Environmental
Science and Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710054, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Bai
- College of Environmental
Science and Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710054, People’s Republic of China
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77
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Ghorai S, Sarkar A, Panda AB, Pal S. Evaluation of the Flocculation Characteristics of Polyacrylamide Grafted Xanthan Gum/Silica Hybrid Nanocomposite. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie400550m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Ghorai
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory,
Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Asish Sarkar
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory,
Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Asit Baran Panda
- Nano-structure Materials Division, Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute (CSIR-CGCRI), Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sagar Pal
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory,
Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad 826004, India
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