51
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Kang H, Lee JC, Kang D. Liquid crystal alignment properties of polystyrene derivatives containing fluorinated side groups. Macromol Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-009-0149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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52
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WELL-DEFINED LADDER POLYMERS SYNTHESIZED via SUPRAMOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE AND THEIR APPLICATIONS. ACTA POLYM SIN 2009. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2007.00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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53
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Hahm SG, Jin KS, Park S, Ree M, Kim HS, Kwon SK, Kim YH. The alignment of liquid crystals on the film surfaces of soluble aromatic polyimides bearingt-butylphenyl and trimethylsilylphenyl side groups. Macromol Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03218645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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54
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Kang H, Lee JC, Kang D. The effect of phenoxymethyl side groups on the liquid crystal alignment behavior of polystyrene derivatives. Macromol Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03218899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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55
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Liu X, Pan R, Xu W, Ye G, Gu Y. Stretching induced steric interaction between backbone and side chain in a novel polyimide fiber. POLYM ENG SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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56
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Kang H, Kim TH, Kang D, Lee JC. 4-Alkylphenoxymethyl-Substituted Polystyrenes for Liquid Crystal Alignment Layers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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57
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Kang H, Kang D, Lee JC. Liquid crystal alignment property of polystyrene derivatives containing dual photoreactive side groups. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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58
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Lee TJ, Chang CW, Hahm SG, Kim K, Park S, Kim DM, Kim J, Kwon WS, Liou GS, Ree M. Programmable digital memory devices based on nanoscale thin films of a thermally dimensionally stable polyimide. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:135204. [PMID: 19420490 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/13/135204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We have fabricated electrically programmable memory devices with thermally and dimensionally stable poly(N-(N',N'-diphenyl-N'-1,4-phenyl)-N,N-4,4'-diphenylene hexafluoroisopropylidene-diphthalimide) (6F-2TPA PI) films and investigated their switching characteristics and reliability. 6F-2TPA PI films were found to reveal a conductivity of 1.0 x 10(-13)-1.0 x 10(-14) S cm(-1). The 6F-2TPA PI films exhibit versatile memory characteristics that depend on the film thickness. All the PI films are initially present in the OFF state. The PI films with a thickness of >15 to <100 nm exhibit excellent write-once-read-many-times (WORM) (i.e. fuse-type) memory characteristics with and without polarity depending on the thickness. The WORM memory devices are electrically stable, even in air ambient, for a very long time. The devices' ON/OFF current ratio is high, up to 10(10). Therefore, these WORM memory devices can provide an efficient, low-cost means of permanent data storage. On the other hand, the 100 nm thick PI films exhibit excellent dynamic random access memory (DRAM) characteristics with polarity. The ON/OFF current ratio of the DRAM devices is as high as 10(11). The observed electrical switching behaviors were found to be governed by trap-limited space-charge-limited conduction and local filament formation and further dependent on the differences between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels of the PI film and the work functions of the top and bottom electrodes as well as the PI film thickness. In summary, the excellent memory properties of 6F-2TPA PI make it a promising candidate material for the low-cost mass production of high density and very stable digital nonvolatile WORM and volatile DRAM memory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taek Joon Lee
- Depart. of Chemistry, National Research Lab for Polymer Synthesis and Physics, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, Polymer Research Institute, and BK School of Molecular Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang , Republic of Korea
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59
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Kang H, Park JS, Kang D, Lee JC. Liquid crystal alignment property of n
-alkylthiomethyl- or n
-alkylsulfonylmethyl-substituted polystyrenes. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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60
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Chern YT, Ju MH. Conformation of Polyimide Backbone Structures for Determination of the Pretilt Angle of Liquid Crystals. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8022475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaw-Terng Chern
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hung Ju
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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61
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Kang H, Park JS, Kang D, Lee JC. 2-Naphthoxymethyl-Substituted Polystyrenes for Homeotropic Liquid-Crystal Alignment Layers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200800257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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62
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Samyn P, Schoukens G. The effect of processing method on dry sliding performance of polyimides at high load/high velocity conditions. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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63
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Samyn P, Schoukens G. Tribochemical reactions on polyimide sliding surfaces evaluated with Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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64
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Kang H, Kwon KS, Kang D, Lee JC. Enhanced, Perpendicular Liquid-Crystal Alignment on Rubbed Films of a Coumarin-Containing Polystyrene. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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65
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Synthesis and characterization of rigid-rod sulfonated polyimides bearing sulfobenzoyl side groups as proton exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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66
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Jeong KU, Jing AJ, Monsdorf B, Graham MJ, Harris FW, Cheng SZD. Self-Assembly of Chemically Linked Rod−Disc Mesogenic Liquid Crystals. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:767-77. [PMID: 17249820 DOI: 10.1021/jp066274b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of new molecular discs (RDn, here n is the number of carbon atoms between the rod and disc mesogens) was synthesized via the chemical attachment of six cyanobiphenyl calamitic (rod) mesogens (R) linked to the triphenyl discotic (disc) mesogen (D) with a series of six alkyl chain linkages (n = 6-12). In this study, phase structures, transitions, and liquid crystalline (LC) behavior of the RD12 compound with 12 carbon atoms in each alkyl chain linkage between the rod and disc mesogens were investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light microscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) allowed us to identify three ordered phases below the isotropization temperature: nematic (N) LC and K1 and K2 crystalline phases. On the basis of the structural results obtained via 2D WAXD experiments on oriented samples and SAED experiments on single crystals, the K1 crystalline unit cell was determined to be triclinic with the dimensions of a = 1.36 nm, b = 1.45 nm, c = 2.11 nm, alpha = 85 degrees, beta = 100 degrees, and gamma = 50 degrees. The K2 phase was metastable with respect to the K1 phase. It also possessed a triclinic unit cell with a = 1.40 nm, b = 1.51 nm, c = 1.92 nm, alpha = 87 degrees, beta = 117 degrees, and gamma = 62 degrees. Molecular packing models for the crystalline phases were proposed on the basis of the diffraction results. In the whole range of ordered structures, it was found that RD12 molecular discs are intercalated. Both triphenyl discotic mesogens and cyanobiphenyl calamitic mesogens are completely interdigitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Un Jeong
- Maurice Morton Institute and Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, USA
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67
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Yang Z, Chen X, Pu Y, Zhou L, Chen C, Li W, Xu L, Yi B, Wang Y. Facile approach to obtain individual-nanotube dispersion at high loading in carbon nanotubes/polyimide composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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68
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Lu X, Cheng I, Mi Y. Discovery of the bi-layered structure in spin-coated polyacrylamide films on the gold surface. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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69
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Reyheller C, Hay BP, Kubik S. Influence of linker structure on the anion binding affinity of biscyclopeptides. NEW J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b706932d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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70
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New Research Tool for Understanding of Surfaces - Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2006. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2006.50.6.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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71
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Lee CC, Leung MK, Lee GH, Liu YH, Peng SM. Revisit of the Dessy−White Intramolecular Acetylene−Acetylene [2 + 2] Cycloadditions. J Org Chem 2006; 71:8417-23. [PMID: 17064014 DOI: 10.1021/jo061334v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this experiment, a series of thermal reactions of 4,4'-disubstituted 2,2'-bis(phenylethynyl)biphenyls with 2,3,4,5-tetraphenylcyclopenta-2,4-dienone were carried out under neat conditions and in diphenyl ether at temperatures between 260 and 270 degrees C to give rise to 9,10,11,12,13,14-hexaphenylcycloocta[l]phenanthrenes as the adducts in 12-23% yields. We traced these results to the intramolecular [2 + 2] thermal cyclization of 2,2'-bis(phenylethynyl)biphenyls to form 1,2-diphenylcyclobuta[l]phenanthrenes, which were further trapped as bridged-ketone Diels-Alder adducts, followed by thermal decarbonylative ring opening, which gave rise to the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chieh Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1 Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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72
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Jayathilake HD, Zhu MH, Rosenblatt C, Bordenyuk AN, Weeraman C, Benderskii AV. Rubbing-induced anisotropy of long alkyl side chains at polyimide surfaces. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:64706. [PMID: 16942304 DOI: 10.1063/1.2238865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular organization at polyimide surfaces used as alignment layers in liquid crystal displays was investigated using vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy. We focus on the orientation of the long alkyl side groups at the polymer surface using polarization-selected SFG spectra of the CH(3)- and CH(2)-stretch modes of the side chain. Mechanical rubbing and baking, an accepted industrial procedure used to produce pretilt of the liquid crystal, was found to induce pronounced azimuthal anisotropy in the orientational distribution of the alkyl side chains. Orientational analysis of the SFG vibrational spectra in terms of the azimuthal and tilt angles (in and out of plane, respectively) of the alkyl side chains shows their preferential tilt along the rubbing direction, with the azimuthal distribution narrower for stronger rubbed polymer samples.
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73
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Hahm SG, Lee TJ, Chang T, Jung JC, Zin WC, Ree M. Unusual Alignment of Liquid Crystals on Rubbed Films of Polyimides with Fluorenyl Side Groups. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma060956f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suk Gyu Hahm
- Polymer Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, National Research Lab for Polymer Synthesis & Physics, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, BK School of Molecular Science, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (Postech), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Joon Lee
- Polymer Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, National Research Lab for Polymer Synthesis & Physics, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, BK School of Molecular Science, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (Postech), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Taihyun Chang
- Polymer Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, National Research Lab for Polymer Synthesis & Physics, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, BK School of Molecular Science, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (Postech), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chul Jung
- Polymer Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, National Research Lab for Polymer Synthesis & Physics, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, BK School of Molecular Science, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (Postech), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Wang-Cheol Zin
- Polymer Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, National Research Lab for Polymer Synthesis & Physics, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, BK School of Molecular Science, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (Postech), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhor Ree
- Polymer Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, National Research Lab for Polymer Synthesis & Physics, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, BK School of Molecular Science, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (Postech), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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74
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Ruan JJ, Jin S, Ge JJ, Jeong KU, Graham MJ, Zhang D, Harris FW, Lotz B, Cheng SZ. Side chain length dependence on supra-molecular structures in a series of aromatic polyimides having terminal 4-cyanobiphenyl liquid crystalline side chains. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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75
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Runge AF, Saavedra SS, Mendes SB. Combination of Polarized TIRF and ATR Spectroscopies for Determination of the Second and Fourth Order Parameters of Molecular Orientation in Thin Films and Construction of an Orientation Distribution Based on the Maximum Entropy Method. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:6721-31. [PMID: 16570978 DOI: 10.1021/jp056048m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article describes two mathematical formalisms for the determination of the second and fourth order parameters of molecular films using optical spectroscopy. Method A uses polarized total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) to calculate the second and fourth order parameters, {P2(cos theta)} and {P4(cos theta)}, using an independently determined value for the angle between the absorption and emission dipoles, gamma. Method B uses {P2(cos theta)} obtained from attenuated total reflectance (ATR) data, along with polarized TIRF measurements to calculate {P4(cos theta)} and {cos2 gamma}. The choice of a specific method should rely on experimental considerations. We also present a method to separate the contributions of substrate surface roughness and dipole orientation with respect to the molecular axis from the spectroscopically determined second and fourth order parameters. Finally, a maximum entropy approach for construction of an orientation distribution from order parameters is compared with the commonly used delta and Gaussian distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne F Runge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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76
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Hoogboom J, Velonia K, Rasing T, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM. LCD-based detection of enzymatic action. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:434-5. [PMID: 16493827 DOI: 10.1039/b514048j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By incorporating an ester-containing substrate in a self-assembled alignment layer for liquid crystal cells, the presence of a lipase (CALB) can be directly detected through its enzymatic action on the alignment layer, without the need for fluorescent labelling or enzyme assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Hoogboom
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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77
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Lee JK, Lee SJ, Jung JC, Zin WC, Chang T, Ree M. Synthesis, characterization and liquid crystal-aligning properties of new poly{3-[4-(n-alkyloxy)phenyloxy]pyromellitimide}s. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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78
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Ge JJ, Zhang D, Li Q, Hou H, Graham MJ, Dai L, Harris FW, Cheng SZD. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes with chemically grafted polyetherimides. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:9984-5. [PMID: 16011346 DOI: 10.1021/ja050924s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Covalent attachment of a non-fluorinated polyetherimide onto the surface of carboxylic acid-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) has been achieved via grafting reactions. This confirms for the first time that the grafting reaction occurs at the nanotube surface when the carboxylic acid-functionalized MWNTs react with the polyetherimide with amine-terminated groups, through both amide and imide linkages formed at the interface between the carbon nanotubes and the polyetherimide. Additionally, an increase in the average molecular weight is detected in gel permeation chromatography when the polyetherimide is chemically attached onto the nanotubes. More interestingly, the chemical bonding at the interface provides much better interfacial adhesion and mechanical stress transfer, evidenced by a significant improvement in mechanical properties. As a result of the chemical attachment, the carbon nanotube-reinforced polyetherimide composite films have enhanced electrical conductivity, thermal deformation temperatures, and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Ge
- Maurice Morton Institute and Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
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79
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Lee SW, Chae B, Hahm SG, Lee B, Kim SB, Ree M. Rubbed films of isomeric poly(4-vinylpyridine) and poly(2-vinylpyridine): surface morphology, molecular orientation, and liquid crystal alignability. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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80
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Accuracy and sensitivity of determining molecular orientation at interfaces using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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81
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Lee SW, Lee SJ, Hahm SG, Lee TJ, Lee B, Chae B, Kim SB, Jung JC, Zin WC, Sohn BH, Ree M. Role of the n-Alkyl End of Bristles in Governing Liquid Crystal Alignment at Rubbed Films of Brush Polymer Rods. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma047856z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung W. Lee
- Polymer Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, BK21 Program, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790−784, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong J. Lee
- Polymer Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, BK21 Program, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790−784, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok G. Hahm
- Polymer Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, BK21 Program, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790−784, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek J. Lee
- Polymer Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, BK21 Program, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790−784, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Polymer Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, BK21 Program, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790−784, Republic of Korea
| | - Boknam Chae
- Polymer Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, BK21 Program, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790−784, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung B. Kim
- Polymer Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, BK21 Program, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790−784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin C. Jung
- Polymer Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, BK21 Program, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790−784, Republic of Korea
| | - Wang C. Zin
- Polymer Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, BK21 Program, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790−784, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong H. Sohn
- Polymer Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, BK21 Program, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790−784, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhor Ree
- Polymer Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, BK21 Program, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790−784, Republic of Korea
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82
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Zhou J, Collard DM, Park JO, Srinivasarao M. Control of Anchoring of Nematic Fluids at Polymer Surfaces Created by in Situ Photopolymerization. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:8838-44. [PMID: 16852050 DOI: 10.1021/jp040635a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In situ photopolymerization of alkyl acrylate monomers in the presence of a nematic fluid provides a cellular matrix of liquid crystalline droplets in which the chemical structure of the encapsulating polymer exerts control over the alignment (anchoring) of the liquid crystalline molecules. Control is obtained by variation of the alkyl side chains and through copolymerization of two dissimilar monofunctional acrylates. For example, among a series of poly(methylheptyl acrylate)s, the 1-methylheptyl analogue prefers planar anchoring of a nematic (TL205) over the temperature range studied. However, the polymers of other methylheptyl side chains display a homeotropic-to-planar anchoring thermal transition temperature similar to that of the n-heptyl analogue. Copolymerization of two monofunctional acrylates with opposing tendencies of aligning liquid crystal leads to tunability of anchoring behavior over a wide temperature range. The broad anchoring transitions we observed provide a way of achieving highly tilted anchoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- School of Polymer, Textile & Fiber Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Advanced Research in Optical Microscopy (CAROM), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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83
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Gao Y, Jiang P, Liu DF, Yuan HJ, Yan XQ, Zhou ZP, Wang JX, Song L, Liu LF, Zhou WY, Wang G, Wang CY, Xie SS, Zhang JM, Shen DY. Evidence for the Monolayer Assembly of Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) on the Surfaces of Silver Nanowires. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp037116c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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84
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Lee SJ, Jung JC, Lee SW, Ree M. Synthesis of novel polypyromellitimides withn-alkyloxy side chains and their liquid-crystal aligning property. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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85
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Lee SW, Yoon J, Kim HC, Lee B, Chang T, Ree M. Effect of Molecular Weight on the Surface Morphology, Molecular Reorientation, and Liquid Crystal Alignment Properties of Rubbed Polystyrene Films. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma035258z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, BK21 Program, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, and Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhwan Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, BK21 Program, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, and Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Chul Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, BK21 Program, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, and Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, BK21 Program, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, and Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Taihyun Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, BK21 Program, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, and Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhor Ree
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, BK21 Program, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, and Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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86
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Liu X, Xiang H, Yang J, Gu Y. Preparation and properties of novel polyimides with side chains containing biphenyl units. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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87
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Chae B, Lee SW, Lee B, Choi W, Kim SB, Jung YM, Jung JC, Lee KH, Ree M. Sequence of Rubbing-Induced Molecular Segmental Reorientations in the Nanoscale Film Surface of a Brush Polymer Rod. J Phys Chem B 2003; 107:11911-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp034955q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boknam Chae
- Department of Chemistry, BK21 Program, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, Polymer Research Institute, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Center for Advanced Functional Polymers, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, BK21 Program, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, Polymer Research Institute, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Center for Advanced Functional Polymers, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, BK21 Program, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, Polymer Research Institute, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Center for Advanced Functional Polymers, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, BK21 Program, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, Polymer Research Institute, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Center for Advanced Functional Polymers, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, BK21 Program, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, Polymer Research Institute, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Center for Advanced Functional Polymers, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mee Jung
- Department of Chemistry, BK21 Program, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, Polymer Research Institute, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Center for Advanced Functional Polymers, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chul Jung
- Department of Chemistry, BK21 Program, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, Polymer Research Institute, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Center for Advanced Functional Polymers, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, BK21 Program, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, Polymer Research Institute, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Center for Advanced Functional Polymers, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhor Ree
- Department of Chemistry, BK21 Program, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, Polymer Research Institute, and Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Center for Advanced Functional Polymers, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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88
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Zhou D, Zhang J, Li L, Xue G. Control of the Geometry of the Adsorbed Thin Layer by the Depletion Interaction. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:11774-5. [PMID: 14505372 DOI: 10.1021/ja035989e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The depletion interaction was reported to drive the mixtures of rodlike colloids and polymer coils into a variety of phase transitions such as isotropic-nematic, nematic-smectic, and so forth. We describe in this Communication a convenient preparation of the self-assembled monolayer of the platelike porphyrin molecules by the depletion interaction between the absorbent and the metal substrates. After the depletant, low molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), was added into the porphyrin/ethanol solution, random oriented porphyrin was then regulated to lie parallel to the adjacent metal substrates, forming the self-assembled monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongshan Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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89
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Lee SW, Kim SI, Lee B, Choi W, Chae B, Kim SB, Ree M. Photoreactions and Photoinduced Molecular Orientations of Films of a Photoreactive Polyimide and Their Alignment of Liquid Crystals. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034445u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woo Lee
- Department of Chemistry,
Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, BK21 Program,
Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, and Polymer Research Institute,
Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu,
Pohang 790-784,
The Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Il Kim
- Department of Chemistry,
Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, BK21 Program,
Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, and Polymer Research Institute,
Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu,
Pohang 790-784,
The Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Department of Chemistry,
Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, BK21 Program,
Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, and Polymer Research Institute,
Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu,
Pohang 790-784,
The Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Choi
- Department of Chemistry,
Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, BK21 Program,
Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, and Polymer Research Institute,
Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu,
Pohang 790-784,
The Republic of Korea
| | - Boknam Chae
- Department of Chemistry,
Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, BK21 Program,
Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, and Polymer Research Institute,
Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu,
Pohang 790-784,
The Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bin Kim
- Department of Chemistry,
Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, BK21 Program,
Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, and Polymer Research Institute,
Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu,
Pohang 790-784,
The Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhor Ree
- Department of Chemistry,
Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, BK21 Program,
Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, and Polymer Research Institute,
Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu,
Pohang 790-784,
The Republic of Korea
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90
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Park CS, Furtak TE, Clark NA, Liberko CA, Walba DM. Second-harmonic generation from rubbed ferroelectric liquid crystal mesogenic monolayer surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2003; 67:051707. [PMID: 12786164 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.67.051707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have designed self-assembled monolayers of molecules containing a ferroelectric liquid crystal mesogen attached to a glass surface through an alkane chain. After mechanical rubbing these layers induce a single domain in a cell containing a high-polarization achiral liquid crystal in the smectic-C phase. We have used optical second-harmonic generation to demonstrate that this behavior is explained by rubbing-induced in-plane anisotropy of the angular distribution function that describes the ensemble of mesogenic units. The surface order parameter is 0.094, a substantial fraction of what has been observed for rubbed polymeric alignment layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Park
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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91
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Zhou DS, Xu N, Li L, Ji G, Xue G. Surface Reactions on Polymer Thin Films Studied by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp025607b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Shan Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Adsorption and Separation at Nankai, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Adsorption and Separation at Nankai, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Adsorption and Separation at Nankai, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Gendin Ji
- The State Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Adsorption and Separation at Nankai, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Gi Xue
- The State Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Adsorption and Separation at Nankai, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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92
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Chae B, Kim SB, Lee SW, Kim SI, Choi W, Lee B, Ree M, Lee KH, Jung JC. Surface Morphology, Molecular Reorientation, and Liquid Crystal Alignment Properties of Rubbed Nanofilms of a Well-Defined Brush Polyimide with a Fully Rodlike Backbone. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma020639i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boknam Chae
- Department of Chemistry, BK21 Functional Polymer Thin Film Group, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, Polymer Research Institute, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, and Center for Advanced Functional Polymers, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, BK21 Functional Polymer Thin Film Group, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, Polymer Research Institute, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, and Center for Advanced Functional Polymers, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, BK21 Functional Polymer Thin Film Group, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, Polymer Research Institute, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, and Center for Advanced Functional Polymers, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Il Kim
- Department of Chemistry, BK21 Functional Polymer Thin Film Group, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, Polymer Research Institute, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, and Center for Advanced Functional Polymers, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, BK21 Functional Polymer Thin Film Group, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, Polymer Research Institute, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, and Center for Advanced Functional Polymers, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, BK21 Functional Polymer Thin Film Group, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, Polymer Research Institute, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, and Center for Advanced Functional Polymers, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhor Ree
- Department of Chemistry, BK21 Functional Polymer Thin Film Group, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, Polymer Research Institute, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, and Center for Advanced Functional Polymers, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, BK21 Functional Polymer Thin Film Group, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, Polymer Research Institute, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, and Center for Advanced Functional Polymers, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chul Jung
- Department of Chemistry, BK21 Functional Polymer Thin Film Group, Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, Polymer Research Institute, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, and Center for Advanced Functional Polymers, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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93
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Ruan J, Ge JJ, Zhang A, Shi J, Wang SY, Harris FW, Cheng SZD. Polymorphous Structures and Their Phase Relationships in a Main-Chain/Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polyester. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0115702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jrjeng Ruan
- Maurice Morton Institute and Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909
| | - Jason J. Ge
- Maurice Morton Institute and Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909
| | - Anqiu Zhang
- Maurice Morton Institute and Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909
| | - Jin Shi
- Maurice Morton Institute and Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909
| | - Shy-Yeu Wang
- Maurice Morton Institute and Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909
| | - Frank W. Harris
- Maurice Morton Institute and Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909
| | - Stephen Z. D. Cheng
- Maurice Morton Institute and Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909
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