51
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Zhang Z, Antilla JC. Enantioselective Construction of Pyrroloindolines Catalyzed by Chiral Phosphoric Acids: Total Synthesis of (−)-Debromoflustramine B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:11778-82. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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52
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Zhang Z, Antilla JC. Enantioselective Construction of Pyrroloindolines Catalyzed by Chiral Phosphoric Acids: Total Synthesis of (−)-Debromoflustramine B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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53
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Yang Y, Jiang X, Qing FL. Sequential Electrophilic Trifluoromethanesulfanylation–Cyclization of Tryptamine Derivatives: Synthesis of C(3)-Trifluoromethanesulfanylated Hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indoles. J Org Chem 2012; 77:7538-47. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3013385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory
of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai
200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, China
| | - Xueliang Jiang
- Key Laboratory
of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai
200032, China
| | - Feng-Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory
of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai
200032, China
- College of
Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
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54
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Fan F, Xie W, Ma D. Cascade annulation of malonic diamides: a concise synthesis of polycyclic pyrroloindolines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:7571-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc33129b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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55
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Wang M, Feng X, Cai L, Xu Z, Ye T. Total synthesis and absolute configuration of nocardioazine B. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:4344-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31025b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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56
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Abstract
The first total synthesis of (+)-gliocladin B is described. Our concise and enantioselective synthesis takes advantage of a new regioselective Friedel-Crafts-based strategy to provide an efficient multigram-scale access to the C3-(3'-indolyl)hexahydropyrroloindole substructure, a molecular foundation present in a significant subset of epipolythiodiketopiperazine natural alkaloids. Our first-generation solution to (+)-gliocladin B involved the stereoselective formation of (+)-12-deoxybionectin A, a plausible biosynthetic precursor. Our synthesis clarified the C15 stereochemistry of (+)-gliocladin B and allowed its full structure confirmation. Further studies of a versatile dihydroxylated diketopiperazine provided a concise and efficient synthesis of (+)-gliocladin B as well as access to (+)-gliocladin C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 18-292, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA
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57
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Wang Y, Kong C, Du Y, Song H, Zhang D, Qin Y. Silver-promoted Friedel–Crafts reaction: concise total synthesis of (−)-ardeemin, (−)-acetylardeemin and (−)-formylardeemin. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2793-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob00014h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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58
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Kieffer ME, Chuang KV, Reisman SE. A Copper-Catalyzed Arylation of Tryptamines for the Direct Synthesis of Aryl Pyrroloindolines. Chem Sci 2012; 3:3170-3174. [PMID: 23105962 DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20914d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An operationally simple, copper-catalyzed arylation of N-tosyltryptamines provides direct access to C3-aryl pyrroloindolines. A range of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents is tolerated on both the indole backbone and the aryl electrophile. These reactions occur under ambient temperatures and with equimolar quantities of the coupling partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine E Kieffer
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
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59
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Ruiz-Sanchis P, Savina SA, Acosta GA, Albericio F, Álvarez M. Orthogonal Protecting Groups in the Synthesis of Tryptophanyl-Hexahydropyrroloindoles. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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60
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Lim HJ, RajanBabu TV. Ethylene in organic synthesis: a new route to anticholenergic pyrrolidinoindolines, and other molecules with all carbon-quaternary centers via asymmetric hydrovinylation. Org Lett 2011; 13:6596-9. [PMID: 22103775 DOI: 10.1021/ol203052y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric hydrovinylation (1 mol % Ni-cat., 1 atm, ethylene, >98% ee) products from 1-methylenetetralines are readily converted into 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles and subsequently to pyrrolidinoindolines. These hydrovinylation products are also useful for the syntheses of enantiopure benzomorphans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Jung Lim
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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61
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Kim J, Movassaghi M. Concise total synthesis and stereochemical revision of (+)-naseseazines A and B: regioselective arylative dimerization of diketopiperazine alkaloids. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:14940-3. [PMID: 21875056 PMCID: PMC3369503 DOI: 10.1021/ja206743v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Concise and enantioselective total syntheses of (+)-naseseazines A and B are described. Our regioselective and directed dimerization of diketopiperazines provides their critical C3-C(sp(2)) linkages, an assembly with plausible biogenetic relevance. We revise the absolute stereochemistry of (+)-naseseazines A and B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Kim
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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62
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Movassaghi M, Ahmad OK, Lathrop SP. Directed heterodimerization: stereocontrolled assembly via solvent-caged unsymmetrical diazene fragmentation. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13002-5. [PMID: 21761893 PMCID: PMC3157567 DOI: 10.1021/ja2057852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A general strategy for the directed and stereocontrolled assembly of carbon-carbon linked heterodimeric hexahydropyrroloindoles is described. The stepwise union of complex amines in the form of mixed diazenes followed by photoexpulsion of dinitrogen in a solvent cage provides completely guided assembly at challenging C(sp(3))-C(sp(3)) and C(sp(3))-C(sp(2)) connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Movassaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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63
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Zhang D, Song H, Qin Y. Total synthesis of indoline alkaloids: A cyclopropanation strategy. Acc Chem Res 2011; 44:447-57. [PMID: 21491859 DOI: 10.1021/ar200004w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Indoline alkaloids constitute a large class of natural products; their diverse and complex structures contribute to potent biological activities in a range of molecules. Designing an appropriate strategy for the total synthesis of indoline alkaloids is a difficult task that depends on being able to efficiently assemble the core architectures. The best strategies allow access to a variety of different indoline alkaloid structures in a minimum of steps. The cyclopropanation of simple olefins and the subsequent synthetic transformation of the resulting cyclopropyl intermediates has been intensively studied in recent decades. In contrast, the cyclopropanation of enamines, especially for the construction of complex nitrogen-containing ring systems, remained relatively unexplored. Previous success with the cyclopropanation of simple indoles to form stable indolylcyclopropanocarboxylates encouraged us to explore the assembly of indoline alkaloid skeletons with cyclopropanation as a key reaction. Theoretically, indolylcyclopropanocarboxylates are doubly activated by a vicinally substituted amino group and carboxyl group; that is, they are typical donor-acceptor cyclopropanes. Accordingly, they tend to yield an active iminium intermediate, which can undergo inter- and intramolecular nucleophilic reactions to form the core structure of indoline alkaloids with an expanded ring system. In this Account, we summarize our efforts to develop a cascade or stepwise reaction of cyclopropanation/ring-opening/iminium cyclization (the CRI reaction) on tryptamine derivatives for assembling indoline alkaloid skeletons. With the CRI approach, three types of indoline alkaloid skeletons have been efficiently constructed: (i) hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indoline (type I), (ii) tetrahydro-9a,4a-iminoethano-9H-carbazole (type II), and (iii) tetrahydroquinolino[2,3-b]indoline (type III). The effects of substituents on tryptamine derivatives were carefully investigated for inter- and intramolecular CRI reactions during construction of type I and type II skeletons. These results provided a basis for the further design and synthesis of complex natural products containing nitrogen. The usefulness of the CRI reaction is well demonstrated by our total synthesis of structurally intriguing indoline alkaloids such as N-acetylardeemin, minfiensine, vincorine, and communesin F. In addition, we highlight advances by other groups in construction of the three types of skeletons as well as their total syntheses of these indoline alkaloids. Discussion of the total syntheses of these indoline alkaloids focuses on comparing the individual synthetic strategies for forming the ring systems embedded in the final products. We also describe the total synthesis of perophoramidine, which has the same type III skeleton as communesin F. The observation of a retro Diels-Alder reaction during our synthesis of communesin F inspired the hetero Diels-Alder reaction on which our total synthesis of perophoramidine was based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Natural Products, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Novel Delivery System of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Hao Song
- Department of Medicinal Natural Products, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Novel Delivery System of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yong Qin
- Department of Medicinal Natural Products, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Novel Delivery System of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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64
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65
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Repka LM, Ni J, Reisman SE. Enantioselective synthesis of pyrroloindolines by a formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 132:14418-20. [PMID: 20873714 DOI: 10.1021/ja107328g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
(R)-BINOL·SnCl(4) was found to catalyze a formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between C(3)-substituted indoles and 2-amidoacrylates to provide pyrroloindolines. A variety of pyrroloindolines were prepared with high enantioselectivity in one step from simple precursors. This methodology is expected to facilitate the total synthesis of pyrroloindoline alkaloids, an important class of biologically active natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Repka
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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66
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Russel JS, Pelkey ET, Greger JG. Five-Membered Ring Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-096805-6.00006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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67
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Villanueva-Margalef I, Thurston DE, Zinzalla G. Facile nucleophilic substitution at the C3a tertiary carbon of the 3a-bromohexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole scaffold. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:5294-303. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00327a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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68
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Pérez-Balado C, de Lera ÁR. Concise total synthesis and structural revision of (+)-pestalazine B. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:5179-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00531b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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