51
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Fanlo-Virgós H, Alba ANR, Hamieh S, Colomb-Delsuc M, Otto S. Transient substrate-induced catalyst formation in a dynamic molecular network. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11346-50. [PMID: 25169198 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In biology enzyme concentrations are continuously regulated, yet for synthetic catalytic systems such regulatory mechanisms are underdeveloped. We now report how a substrate of a chemical reaction induces the formation of its own catalyst from a dynamic molecular network. After complete conversion of the substrate, the network disassembles the catalyst. These results open up new opportunities for controlling catalysis in synthetic chemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Fanlo-Virgós
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands) http://www.otto-lab.com
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52
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Fanlo-Virgós H, Alba ANR, Hamieh S, Colomb-Delsuc M, Otto S. Transient Substrate-Induced Catalyst Formation in a Dynamic Molecular Network. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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53
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Kaufmann L, Traulsen NL, Springer A, Schröder HV, Mäkelä T, Rissanen K, Schalley CA. Evaluation of multivalency as an organization principle for the efficient synthesis of doubly and triply threaded amide rotaxanes. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00077c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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54
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Evans NH, Beer PD. Progress in the synthesis and exploitation of catenanes since the Millennium. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:4658-83. [PMID: 24676138 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00029c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Catenanes - molecules consisting of interlocked macrocyclic rings - have been prepared by templation strategies for some thirty years. The utilization of Cu(I) cation, aromatic donor-acceptor interactions and hydrogen bonding assisted self-assembly strategies has led to the construction of numerous examples of these aesthetically pleasing species. This review seeks to discuss key developments in the synthesis and functional application of catenanes that have occurred since the Millennium. The much expanded range of metal cation templates; the genesis and growth of anion templation, as well as the use of alternative supramolecular interactions (halogen bonding and radical templation) and thermodynamically controlled reactions to synthesize catenanes are detailed. The class of catenanes that may be described as "molecular machines" are then highlighted and to conclude, attempts to fabricate catenanes onto surfaces and into metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
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55
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Matache M, Bogdan E, Hădade ND. Selective Host Molecules Obtained by Dynamic Adaptive Chemistry. Chemistry 2014; 20:2106-31. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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56
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Peebles C, Alvey PM, Lynch V, Iverson BL. Time-Dependent Solid State Polymorphism of a Series of Donor-Acceptor Dyads. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2014; 14:290-299. [PMID: 24678269 PMCID: PMC3963176 DOI: 10.1021/cg401522v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to exploit the use of favorable electrostatic interactions between aromatic units in directing the assembly of donor-acceptor (D-A) dyads, the present work examines the ability of conjugated aromatic D-A dyads with symmetric side chains to exhibit solid-state polymorphism as a function of time during the solid formation process. Four such dyads were synthesized and their packing in the solid-state from either slower (10-20 days) or faster (1-2 days) evaporation from solvent was investigated using single crystal X-ray analysis and powder X-ray diffraction. Two of the dyads exhibited tail-to-tail (A-A) packing upon slower evaporation from solvent and head-to-tail (D-A) packing upon faster evaporation from solvent. A combination of single crystal analysis and XRD patterns were used to create models wherein a packing model for the other two dyads is proposed. Our findings suggest that while side chain interactions in asymmetric aromatic dyads can play an important role in enforcing segregated D-A dyad assembly, slowly evaporating symmetrically substituted aromatic dyads allows for favorable electrostatic interactions between the aromatic moieties to facilitate the organization of the dyads in the solid-state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brent L. Iverson
- Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Brent L. Iverson. ; Office phone: 512-471-5053
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57
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Li J, Nowak P, Fanlo-Virgós H, Otto S. Catenanes from catenanes: quantitative assessment of cooperativity in dynamic combinatorial catenation. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01998a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of dynamic combinatorial [2] and [3]catenanes have been prepared. Formation of the [3]catenanes occurs with positive or negative cooperativity, depending on the cyclodextrin homologue. Systems level analysis allows cooperativity to be quantified and MD simulations reveal that cooperativity derives from the extents to which hydrophobic surface area is exposed to the aqueous surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Li
- Centre for Systems Chemistry
- Stratingh Institute
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Piotr Nowak
- Centre for Systems Chemistry
- Stratingh Institute
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Fanlo-Virgós
- Centre for Systems Chemistry
- Stratingh Institute
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijbren Otto
- Centre for Systems Chemistry
- Stratingh Institute
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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58
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Misuraca MC, Moulin E, Ruff Y, Giuseppone N. Experimental and theoretical methods for the analyses of dynamic combinatorial libraries. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00304g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Progresses in spatial and temporal analytical tools open new avenues for the study and control of increasingly complex chemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Misuraca
- SAMS research group – University of Strasbourg – Institut Charles Sadron
- CNRS
- 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Emilie Moulin
- SAMS research group – University of Strasbourg – Institut Charles Sadron
- CNRS
- 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Yves Ruff
- SAMS research group – University of Strasbourg – Institut Charles Sadron
- CNRS
- 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Nicolas Giuseppone
- SAMS research group – University of Strasbourg – Institut Charles Sadron
- CNRS
- 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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59
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Ruiz-Mirazo K, Briones C, de la Escosura A. Prebiotic Systems Chemistry: New Perspectives for the Origins of Life. Chem Rev 2013; 114:285-366. [DOI: 10.1021/cr2004844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 563] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kepa Ruiz-Mirazo
- Biophysics
Unit (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Leioa, and Department of Logic and Philosophy
of Science, University of the Basque Country, Avenida de Tolosa 70, 20080 Donostia−San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Carlos Briones
- Department
of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC−INTA, associated to the NASA Astrobiology Institute), Carretera de Ajalvir, Km 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés de la Escosura
- Organic
Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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60
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Hamieh S, Saggiomo V, Nowak P, Mattia E, Ludlow RF, Otto S. A “Dial-A-Receptor” Dynamic Combinatorial Library. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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61
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Hamieh S, Saggiomo V, Nowak P, Mattia E, Ludlow RF, Otto S. A “Dial-A-Receptor” Dynamic Combinatorial Library. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12368-72. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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62
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Biedermann F, Vendruscolo M, Scherman OA, De Simone A, Nau WM. Cucurbit[8]uril and Blue-Box: High-Energy Water Release Overwhelms Electrostatic Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14879-88. [DOI: 10.1021/ja407951x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Biedermann
- School
of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany,
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Oren A. Scherman
- Melville
Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Alfonso De Simone
- Division
of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Werner M. Nau
- School
of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany,
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63
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Avinash MB, Sandeepa KV, Govindaraju T. Molecular assembly of amino acid interlinked, topologically symmetric, π-complementary donor-acceptor-donor triads. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:1565-71. [PMID: 23946856 PMCID: PMC3740681 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid interlinked pyrene and naphthalenediimide (NDI) based novel donor–acceptor–donor (D-A-D) triads are designed to exploit their topological symmetry and complementary π-character for facile charge-transfer complexation. Consequently, free-floating high-aspect-ratio supercoiled nanofibres and hierarchical helical bundles of triads are realized by modulating the chemical functionality of interlinking amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Avinash
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India. ; Tel: +91 80 2208 2969
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64
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Avinash MB, Samanta PK, Sandeepa KV, Pati SK, Govindaraju T. Molecular Architectonics of Stereochemically Constrained π-Complementary Functional Modules. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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65
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Li J, Nowak P, Otto S. Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries: From Exploring Molecular Recognition to Systems Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:9222-39. [DOI: 10.1021/ja402586c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Li
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Piotr Nowak
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijbren Otto
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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66
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Black SP, Stefankiewicz AR, Smulders MMJ, Sattler D, Schalley CA, Nitschke JR, Sanders JKM. Generation of a dynamic system of three-dimensional tetrahedral polycatenanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5749-52. [PMID: 23606312 PMCID: PMC4736444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Seven of the best : A dynamic combinatorial library of polycatenated tetrahedra was prepared by complexation between a dynamic Fe4L6 tetrahedral cage, constructed from ligands containing an electron‐deficient naphthalenediimide core, and an electron‐rich aromatic crown ether, 1,5‐dinaphtho[38]crown‐10. The highest order species in the library is the tetrahedral [7]catenane.WILEY-VCH
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P. Black
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW (UK) http://www‐jrn.ch.cam.ac.uk
| | - Artur R. Stefankiewicz
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW (UK) http://www‐jrn.ch.cam.ac.uk
| | - Maarten M. J. Smulders
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW (UK) http://www‐jrn.ch.cam.ac.uk
| | - Dominik Sattler
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW (UK) http://www‐jrn.ch.cam.ac.uk
| | - Jeremy K. M. Sanders
- University of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW (UK) http://www‐jrn.ch.cam.ac.uk
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67
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Black SP, Stefankiewicz AR, Smulders MMJ, Sattler D, Schalley CA, Nitschke JR, Sanders JKM. Generation of a Dynamic System of Three-Dimensional Tetrahedral Polycatenanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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68
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Brégier F, Lavalle J, Chambron JC. Capping α-Cyclodextrin with Cyclotriveratrylene by Triple Disulfide-Bridge Formation. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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69
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Avinash MB, Govindaraju T. Extremely Slow Dynamics of an Abiotic Helical Assembly: Unusual Relevance to the Secondary Structure of Proteins. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:583-8. [PMID: 26281870 DOI: 10.1021/jz4001642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Serendipitously, we found that isoleucine methylester functionalized perylenediimide 1 undergoes an extremely slow supramolecular helical assembly over a day's time. Surprisingly, heating led to irreversible chiral denaturation. However, reversible helical assembly could be achieved only in the presence of nondenatured aggregates of 1, which act as seeds. The intriguing functional relevance deduced from 1 was employed to draw parallels with the secondary structure of proteins, envisaging its plausible implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Avinash
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India
| | - T Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India
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70
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Atcher J, Moure A, Alfonso I. The emergence of halophilic evolutionary patterns from a dynamic combinatorial library of macrocyclic pseudopeptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37869h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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71
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Atcher J, Alfonso I. The effect of DMSO in the aqueous thiol–disulphide dynamic covalent chemistry of model pseudopeptides. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45811c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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72
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Lista M, Orentas E, Areephong J, Charbonnaz P, Wilson A, Zhao Y, Bolag A, Sforazzini G, Turdean R, Hayashi H, Domoto Y, Sobczuk A, Sakai N, Matile S. Self-organizing surface-initiated polymerization, templated self-sorting and templated stack exchange: synthetic methods to build complex systems. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:1754-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27303b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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73
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Greenland BW, Bird MB, Burattini S, Cramer R, O'Reilly RK, Patterson JP, Hayes W, Cardin CJ, Colquhoun HM. Mutual binding of polymer end-groups by complementary π–π-stacking: a molecular “Roman Handshake”. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:454-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35965k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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74
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Li H, Zhu Z, Fahrenbach AC, Savoie BM, Ke C, Barnes JC, Lei J, Zhao YL, Lilley LM, Marks TJ, Ratner MA, Stoddart JF. Mechanical Bond-Induced Radical Stabilization. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 135:456-67. [DOI: 10.1021/ja310060n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - Zhixue Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - Albert C. Fahrenbach
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - Brett M. Savoie
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - Chenfeng Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - Jonathan C. Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - Juying Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - Yan-Li Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - Laura M. Lilley
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - Mark A. Ratner
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
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Abstract
Since its inception in the mid-1990s, dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC), the chemistry of complex systems under thermodynamic control, has proved valuable in identifying unexpected molecules with remarkable binding properties and in providing effective synthetic routes to complex species. Essentially, in this approach, one designs the experiment rather than the molecule. DCC has also provided us with insights into how some chemical systems respond to external stimuli. Using examples from the work of our laboratory and others, this Account shows how the concept of DCC, inspired by the evolution of living systems, has found an increasing range of applications in diverse areas and has evolved conceptually and experimentally. A dynamic combinatorial library (DCL) is a thermodynamically controlled mixture of interconverting species that can respond to various stimuli. The Cambridge version of dynamic combinatorial chemistry was initially inspired by the mammalian immune system and was conceived as a way to create and identify new unpredictable receptors. For example, an added template can select and stabilize a strongly binding member of the library which is then amplified at the expense of the unsuccessful library members, minimizing the free energy of the system. But researchers have exploited DCC in a variety of other ways: over the past two decades, this technique has contributed to the evolution of chemistry and to applications in the diverse fields of catalysis, fragrance release, and responsive materials. Among these applications, researchers have built intricate and well-defined architectures such as catenanes or hydrogen-bonded nanotubes, using the ability of complex chemical systems to reach a high level of organization. In addition, DCC has proved a powerful tool for the study of complex molecular networks and systems. The use of DCC is improving our understanding of chemical and biological systems. The study of folding or self-replicating macrocycles in DCLs has served as a model for appreciating how complex organisations such as life can emerge from a pool of simple chemicals. Today, DCC is no longer restricted to thermodynamic control, and new systems have recently appeared in which kinetic and thermodynamic control coexist. Expanding the realm of DCC to unexplored and promising new territories, these hybrid systems show that the concept of dynamic combinatorial chemistry continues to evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien B. L. Cougnon
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K. M. Sanders
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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76
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Otto S. Dynamic molecular networks: from synthetic receptors to self-replicators. Acc Chem Res 2012; 45:2200-10. [PMID: 22264201 DOI: 10.1021/ar200246j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs) are molecular networks in which the network members exchange building blocks. The resulting product distribution is initially under thermodynamic control. Addition of a guest or template molecule tends to shift the equilibrium towards compounds that are receptors for the guest. This Account gives an overview of our work in this area. We have demonstrated the template-induced amplification of synthetic receptors, which has given rise to several high-affinity binders for cationic and anionic guests in highly competitive aqueous solution. The dynamic combinatorial approach allows for the identification of new receptors unlikely to be obtained through rational design. Receptor discovery is possible and more efficient in larger libraries. The dynamic combinatorial approach has the attractive characteristic of revealing interesting structures, such as catenanes, even when they are not specifically targeted. Using a transition-state analogue as a guest we can identify receptors with catalytic activity. Although DCLs were initially used with the reductionistic view of identifying new synthetic receptors or catalysts, it is becoming increasingly apparent that DCLs are also of interest in their own right. We performed detailed computational studies of the effect of templates on the product distributions of DCLs using DCLSim software. Template effects can be rationalized by considering the entire network: the system tends to maximize global host-guest binding energy. A data-fitting analysis of the response of the global position of the DCLs to the addition of the template using DCLFit software allowed us to disentangle individual host-guest binding constants. This powerful procedure eliminates the need for isolation and purification of the various individual receptors. Furthermore, local network binding events tend to propagate through the entire network and may be harnessed for transmitting and processing of information. We demonstrated this possibility in silico through a simple dynamic molecular network that can perform AND logic with input and output in the form of molecules. Not only are dynamic molecular networks responsive to externally added templates, but they also adjust to internal template effects, giving rise to self-replication. Recently we have started to explore scenarios where library members recognize copies of themselves, resulting in a self-assembly process that drives the synthesis of the very molecules that self-assemble. We have developed a system that shows unprecedented mechanosensitive self-replication behavior: depending on whether the solution is shaken, stirred or not agitated, we have obtained a hexameric replicator, a heptameric replicator or no replication, respectively. We rationalize this behavior through a mechanism in which replication is promoted by mechanically-induced fragmentation of self-assembled replicator fibers. These results represent a new mode of self-replication in which mechanical energy liberates replicators from a self-inhibited state. These systems may also be viewed as self-synthesizing, self-assembling materials. These materials can be captured photochemically, converting a free-flowing fiber solution into a hydrogel through photo-induced homolytic disulfide exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijbren Otto
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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77
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Preparation of novel polyimide hybrid materials by multi-layered charge-transfer complex formation. Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2012.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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78
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Cougnon FBL, Ponnuswamy N, Jenkins NA, Pantoş GD, Sanders JKM. Structural Parameters Governing the Dynamic Combinatorial Synthesis of Catenanes in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:19129-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3075727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien B. L. Cougnon
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge,
United Kingdom
| | - Nandhini Ponnuswamy
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge,
United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas A. Jenkins
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge,
United Kingdom
| | - G. Dan Pantoş
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge,
United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA 7AY,
Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K. M. Sanders
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge,
United Kingdom
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79
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Barin G, Forgan RS, Stoddart JF. Mechanostereochemistry and the mechanical bond. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2012; 468:2849-2880. [PMID: 22977353 PMCID: PMC3438546 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2012.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemistry of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs), in which two or more covalently linked components are held together by mechanical bonds, has led to the coining of the term mechanostereochemistry to describe a new field of chemistry that embraces many aspects of MIMs, including their syntheses, properties, topologies where relevant and functions where operative. During the rapid development and emergence of the field, the synthesis of MIMs has witnessed the forsaking of the early and grossly inefficient statistical approaches for template-directed protocols, aided and abetted by molecular recognition processes and the tenets of self-assembly. The resounding success of these synthetic protocols, based on templation, has facilitated the design and construction of artificial molecular switches and machines, resulting more and more in the creation of integrated functional systems. This review highlights (i) the range of template-directed synthetic methods being used currently in the preparation of MIMs; (ii) the syntheses of topologically complex knots and links in the form of stable molecular compounds; and (iii) the incorporation of bistable MIMs into many different device settings associated with surfaces, nanoparticles and solid-state materials in response to the needs of particular applications that are perceived to be fair game for mechanostereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Barin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for the Chemistry of Integrated Systems, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3133, USA
- NanoCentury KAIST Institute and Graduate School of EEWS (WCU), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 373-1, Guseong Dong, Yuseong Gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ross S. Forgan
- Department of Chemistry, Center for the Chemistry of Integrated Systems, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3133, USA
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Center for the Chemistry of Integrated Systems, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3133, USA
- NanoCentury KAIST Institute and Graduate School of EEWS (WCU), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 373-1, Guseong Dong, Yuseong Gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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80
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A quantitative model for the transcription of 2D patterns into functional 3D architectures. Nat Chem 2012; 4:746-50. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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81
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Avinash MB, Govindaraju T. Amino acid derivatized arylenediimides: a versatile modular approach for functional molecular materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:3905-22. [PMID: 22714652 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201201544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nature's elegant molecular designs and their assemblies with specific structure-property correlations have inspired researchers to design and develop bio-mimics for advanced functional applications. To realize such advanced molecular materials, naturally evolved amino acids are arguably the ideal auxiliaries due to their remarkable molecular/chiral recognition and distinctive sequence specific self-assembling properties. Over the years, this modular approach of derivatizing naphthalenediimides (NDIs) and perylenediimides (PDIs) with amino acids and peptides have resulted in several hitherto unknown molecular assemblies with phenomenal impact on their performance. Derivatization with versatile arylenediimides is especially interesting due to their wide spread applications in fields ranging from biomedicine to electronics. Herein some of these seminal reports of this rapidly emerging field and the design principles embraced are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Avinash
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, India
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82
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Zhu Z, Fahrenbach AC, Li H, Barnes JC, Liu Z, Dyar SM, Zhang H, Lei J, Carmieli R, Sarjeant AA, Stern CL, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Controlling Switching in Bistable [2]Catenanes by Combining Donor–Acceptor and Radical–Radical Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:11709-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3037355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixue Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Albert C. Fahrenbach
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, United States
- NanoCentury KAIST Institute
and Graduate School of EEWS (WCU), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Guseong Dong, Yuseong
Gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jonathan C. Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, United States
- NanoCentury KAIST Institute
and Graduate School of EEWS (WCU), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Guseong Dong, Yuseong
Gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Scott M. Dyar
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, United States
- Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy
Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Huacheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Juying Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Raanan Carmieli
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, United States
- Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy
Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Amy A. Sarjeant
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Charlotte L. Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, United States
- Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy
Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston,
Illinois 60208, United States
- NanoCentury KAIST Institute
and Graduate School of EEWS (WCU), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Guseong Dong, Yuseong
Gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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83
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Ariga K, Ito H, Hill JP, Tsukube H. Molecular recognition: from solution science to nano/materials technology. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5800-35. [PMID: 22773130 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35162e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the 25 years since its Nobel Prize in chemistry, supramolecular chemistry based on molecular recognition has been paid much attention in scientific and technological fields. Nanotechnology and the related areas seek breakthrough methods of nanofabrication based on rational organization through assembly of constituent molecules. Advanced biochemistry, medical applications, and environmental and energy technologies also depend on the importance of specific interactions between molecules. In those current fields, molecular recognition is now being re-evaluated. In this review, we re-examine current trends in molecular recognition from the viewpoint of the surrounding media, that is (i) the solution phase for development of basic science and molecular design advances; (ii) at nano/materials interfaces for emerging technologies and applications. The first section of this review includes molecular recognition frontiers, receptor design based on combinatorial approaches, organic capsule receptors, metallo-capsule receptors, helical receptors, dendrimer receptors, and the future design of receptor architectures. The following section summarizes topics related to molecular recognition at interfaces including fundamentals of molecular recognition, sensing and detection, structure formation, molecular machines, molecular recognition involving polymers and related materials, and molecular recognition processes in nanostructured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Go-bancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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84
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Belowich ME, Valente C, Smaldone RA, Friedman DC, Thiel J, Cronin L, Stoddart JF. Positive cooperativity in the template-directed synthesis of monodisperse macromolecules. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:5243-61. [PMID: 22303894 DOI: 10.1021/ja2107564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two series of oligorotaxanes R and R' that contain -CH(2)NH(2)(+)CH(2)- recognition sites in their dumbbell components have been synthesized employing template-directed protocols. [24]Crown-8 rings self-assemble by a clipping strategy around each and every recognition site using equimolar amounts of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxaldehyde and tetraethyleneglycol bis(2-aminophenyl) ether to efficiently provide up to a [20]rotaxane. In the R series, the -NH(2)(+)- recognition sites are separated by trismethylene bridges, whereas in the R' series the spacers are p-phenylene linkers. The underpinning idea here is that in the former series, the recognition sites are strategically positioned 3.5 Å apart from one another so as to facilitate efficient [π···π] stacking between the aromatic residues in contiguous rings in the rotaxanes and consequently, a discrete rigid and rod-like conformation is realized; these noncovalent interactions are absent in the latter series rendering them conformationally flexible/nondiscrete. Although in the R' series, the [3]-, [4]-, [8]-, and [12]rotaxanes were isolated after reaction times of <5-30 min in yields of 72-85%, in the R series, the [3]-, [4]-, [5]-, [8]-, [12]-, [16]-, and [20]rotaxanes were isolated in <5 min to 14 h in 88-98% yields. It follows that while in the R' series the higher order oligorotaxanes are formed in lower yields more rapidly, in the R series, the higher order oligorotaxanes are formed in higher yields more slowly. In the R series, the high percentage yields are sustained throughout, despite the fact that up to 39 components are participating in the template-directed self-assembly process. Simple arithmetic reveals that the conversion efficiency for each imine bond formation peaks at 99.9% in the R series and 99.3% in the R' series. This maintenance of reaction efficiency in the R series can be ascribed to positive cooperativity, that is, when one ring is formed it aids and abets the formation of subsequent rings presumably because of stabilizing extended [π···π] stacking interactions between the arene units. Experiments have been performed wherein the dumbbell is starved of the macrocyclic components, and up to five times more of the fully saturated rotaxane is formed than is predicted based on a purely statistical outcome, providing a clear indication that positive cooperativity is operative. Moreover, it would appear that as the R series is traversed from the [3]- to the [4]- to the [5]rotaxane, the cooperativity becomes increasingly positive. This kind of cooperative behavior is not observed for the analogous oligorotaxanes in the R' series. The conventional bevy of analytical techniques (e.g., HR-MS (ESI) and both (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy) help establish the fact that all the oligorotaxanes are pure and monodisperse. Evidence of efficient [π···π] stacking between contiguous arene units in the rings in the R series is revealed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Ion-mobility mass spectrometry performed on the R and R' series yielded the collisional cross sections (CCSs), confirming the rigidity of the R oligorotaxanes and the flexibility of the R' ones. The extended [π···π] stacking interactions are found to be present in the solid-state structures of the [3]- and [4]rotaxanes in the R series and also on the basis of molecular mechanics calculations performed on the entire series of oligomers. The collective data presented herein supports our original design in that the extended [π···π] stacking between contiguous arene units in the rings of the R series of oligorotaxanes facilitate an essentially rigid rod-like conformation with evidence that positive cooperativity improves the efficiency of their formation. This situation stands in sharp contrast to the conformationally flexible R' series where the oligorotaxanes form with no cooperativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Belowich
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3133, United States
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85
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Barin G, Coskun A, Fouda MMG, Stoddart JF. Mechanically Interlocked Molecules Assembled by π-π Recognition. Chempluschem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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86
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Löw NL, Dzyuba EV, Brusilowskij B, Kaufmann L, Franzmann E, Maison W, Brandt E, Aicher D, Wiehe A, Schalley CA. Synthesis of multivalent host and guest molecules for the construction of multithreaded diamide pseudorotaxanes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:234-245. [PMID: 22423290 PMCID: PMC3302084 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of di-, tri- and tetravalent axles and wheels for the synthesis of pseudorotaxanes bearing the tetralactam macrocycle/diamide axle binding motif was prepared. Starting from iodinated monovalent precursors, Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions were utilized to couple the binding sites to appropriate spacer groups. Through this "Lego" or "toolbox" approach, the convergent synthesis of host and guests with a well-defined number of the binding sites is possible. In addition, the spatial arrangement of the binding sites can be controlled through the quite rigid connections between linker and binding sites. Although a quantitative assessment of binding strengths was not possible by NMR titration experiments, typical and significant shifts of the signals of the diamide moiety indicate qualitatively the formation of pseudorotaxanes from the axle and wheel precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora L Löw
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Egor V Dzyuba
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Brusilowskij
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Kaufmann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Franzmann
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstr. 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maison
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstr. 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Emily Brandt
- Biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin, International Graduate Program Medical Neurosciences, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Aicher
- Biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
- WITEGA Laboratorien Berlin-Adlershof GmbH, Magnusstr. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arno Wiehe
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph A Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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87
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Woo Lim
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University
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Haino T, Watanabe A, Hirao T, Ikeda T. Supramolecular Polymerization Triggered by Molecular Recognition between Bisporphyrin and Trinitrofluorenone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:1473-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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89
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Haino T, Watanabe A, Hirao T, Ikeda T. Supramolecular Polymerization Triggered by Molecular Recognition between Bisporphyrin and Trinitrofluorenone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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90
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Stefankiewicz AR, Sambrook MR, Sanders JKM. Template-directed synthesis of multi-component organic cages in water. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20347b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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91
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Klivansky LM, Hanifi D, Koshkakaryan G, Holycross DR, Gorski EK, Wu Q, Chai M, Liu Y. A complementary disk-shaped π electron donor–acceptor pair with high binding affinity. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20241g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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92
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Lin NT, Vargas Jentzsch A, Guénée L, Neudörfl JM, Aziz S, Berkessel A, Orentas E, Sakai N, Matile S. Enantioselective self-sorting on planar, π-acidic surfaces of chiral anion-π transporters. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc01013e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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93
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Kaufmann L, Dzyuba EV, Malberg F, Löw NL, Groschke M, Brusilowskij B, Huuskonen J, Rissanen K, Kirchner B, Schalley CA. Substituent effects on axle binding in amide pseudorotaxanes: comparison of NMR titration and ITC data with DFT calculations. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5954-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25196e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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95
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Martínez-Castañeda Á, Rodríguez-Solla H, Concellón C, del Amo V. TBD/Al2O3: a novel catalytic system for dynamic intermolecular aldol reactions that exhibit complex system behaviour. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:1976-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06648c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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96
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Cougnon FBL, Jenkins NA, Pantoş GD, Sanders JKM. Templated Dynamic Synthesis of a [3]Catenane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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97
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Cougnon FBL, Jenkins NA, Pantoş GD, Sanders JKM. Templated Dynamic Synthesis of a [3]Catenane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:1443-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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98
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Rybtchinski B. Adaptive supramolecular nanomaterials based on strong noncovalent interactions. ACS NANO 2011; 5:6791-818. [PMID: 21870803 DOI: 10.1021/nn2025397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Noncovalent systems are adaptive and allow facile processing and recycling. Can they be at the same time robust? How can one rationally design such systems? Can they compete with high-performance covalent materials? The recent literature reveals that noncovalent systems can be robust yet adaptive, self-healing, and recyclable, featuring complex nanoscale structures and unique functions. We review such systems, focusing on the rational design of strong noncovalent interactions, kinetically controlled pathway-dependent processes, complexity, and function. The overview of the recent examples points at the emergent field of noncovalent nanomaterials that can represent a versatile, multifunctional, and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional covalent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Rybtchinski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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99
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Yang W, Li Y, Zhang J, Chen N, Chen S, Liu H, Li Y. Directed Synthesis of [2]Catenanes Incorporating Naphthalenediimide and Crown Ethers by Associated Interactions of Templates. J Org Chem 2011; 76:7750-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201068y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P.R. China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P.R. China
| | - Nan Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P.R. China
| | - Songhua Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P.R. China
| | - Huibiao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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100
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Sakai N, Lista M, Kel O, Sakurai SI, Emery D, Mareda J, Vauthey E, Matile S. Self-Organizing Surface-Initiated Polymerization: Facile Access to Complex Functional Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:15224-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja203792n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Marco Lista
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Oksana Kel
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Shin-ichiro Sakurai
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Emery
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Jiri Mareda
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
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