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Sanchez MLK, Wu CH, Adams MWW, Dyer RB. Optimizing electron transfer from CdSe QDs to hydrogenase for photocatalytic H2 production. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5579-5582. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01150a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A series of viologen related redox mediators of varying reduction potential has been characterized and their utility as electron shuttles between CdSe quantum dots and hydrogenase enzyme has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chang-Hao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- University of Georgia
- Athens
- USA
| | - Michael W. W. Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- University of Georgia
- Athens
- USA
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52
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Fan S, Li X, Zeng L, Zhang M, Yin Z, Lian T, Chen A. Relationships Between Crystal, Internal Microstructures, and Physicochemical Properties of Copper-Zinc-Iron Multinary Spinel Hierarchical Nano-microspheres. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:35919-35931. [PMID: 30252434 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rational design and fabrication of high quality complex multicomponent spinel ferrite with specific microstructures and solar light harvestings toward CO2 reduction and antibiotic degradation to future energetic and catalytic applications are highly desirable. In this study, novel copper-zinc-iron multinary spinel hierarchical nano-microspheres (MSHMs) with different internal structures (solid nano-microspheres, yolk-shell hollow nano-microspheres, and double-shelled hollow nano-microspheres) have been successfully developed by a facile self-templated solvothermal strategy. The morphology and structure, optical, as well as photoinduced redox reactions including interfacial charge carrier behaviors and the intrinsic relationship of structure-property between intrinsic nano-microstructures and physicochemical performance of copper-zinc-iron ferrite MSHMs composites were systematically investigated with the assistance of various on- and/or off- line physical-chemical means and deeply elucidated in terms of the research outcomes. It is demonstrated that the modification of the interior microstructures can be applied to tune the catalytic properties of multinary spinel by tailoring the temperature programming to fine control the two opposite forces of contraction (Fc) and adhesion (Fa). Among various internal microstructures, the obtained double-shelled copper-zinc-iron MSHMs exhibited the superior catalytic performance toward 8.8 and 38 μmol for H2 and CO productions as well as 80.4% removal of sulfamethoxazole antibiotics. As evidenced from primary characterizations, for example, combined steady-state PL, ns-TAS, and Mössbauer and sequential investigations, the remarkable improvements in the catalytic activity can be primarily attributed to several crucial factors, for example, the more effective e--h+ spatial separations and interfacial transfers, multiple internal light scattering, higher photonic energy harvesting and effective reactive oxygen species generation with long radical lifetimes. The current research provides new insights into the molecular design of novel copper-zinc-iron multinary spinels and the intrinsic relationship of structure-property between interior structures (e.g., different crystal texture, morphologies structures) and the physicochemical performance of the aforementioned multinary spinels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Xinyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Libin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Mingmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Zhifan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Tingting Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Aicheng Chen
- Electrochemical Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry , University of Guelph , 50 Stone Road E , Guelph , Ontario N1G 2W1 , Canada
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53
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Waiskopf N, Ben-Shahar Y, Banin U. Photocatalytic Hybrid Semiconductor-Metal Nanoparticles; from Synergistic Properties to Emerging Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706697. [PMID: 29656489 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid semiconductor-metal nanoparticles (HNPs) manifest unique combined and often synergetic properties stemming from the materials combination. These structures exhibit spatial charge separation across the semiconductor-metal junction upon light absorption, enabling their use as photocatalysts. So far, the main impetus of photocatalysis research in HNPs addresses their functionality in solar fuel generation. Recently, it was discovered that HNPs are functional in efficient photocatalytic generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This has opened the path for their implementation in diverse biomedical and industrial applications where high spatially temporally resolved ROS formation is essential. Here, the latest studies on the synergistic characteristics of HNPs are summarized, including their optical, electrical, and chemical properties and their photocatalytic function in the field of solar fuel generation is briefly discussed. Recent studies are then focused concerning photocatalytic ROS formation with HNPs under aerobic conditions. The emergent applications of this capacity are then highlighted, including light-induced modulation of enzymatic activity, photodynamic therapy, antifouling, wound healing, and as novel photoinitiators for 3D-printing. The superb photophysical and photocatalytic properties of HNPs offer already clear advantages for their utility in scenarios requiring on-demand light-induced radical formation and the full potential of HNPs in this context is yet to be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Waiskopf
- The Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Yuval Ben-Shahar
- The Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Uri Banin
- The Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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54
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Ding T, Liang G, Wang J, Wu K. Carrier-doping as a tool to probe the electronic structure and multi-carrier recombination dynamics in heterostructured colloidal nanocrystals. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7253-7260. [PMID: 30288246 PMCID: PMC6148752 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01926f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterostructured colloidal nanocrystals, such as core/shells and dot-in-rods, enable new spectral and dynamic properties otherwise unachievable with single-component nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs). For example, the electron and hole wavefunctions can be engineered such that they are either both confined in the same domain or (partially) separated over different domains in the heterostructures, which are the so-called type I or (quasi-) type II localization regimes, respectively. A critical factor dictating the carrier localization regime is the band alignment or electronic structure of the heterostructure, which, however, is difficult to measure and hence is often ambiguous. In this work, using CdSe@CdS dot-in-rods (DIRs) as a model system, we show that band edge carrier-doping is a simple-yet-powerful tool to probe the electronic structure of heterostructures. By doping an electron into the CdSe core and then observing whether the doped electron bleaches band edge absorption of only the core or those of both the core and shell, we can easily differentiate the type I and quasi-type II structures. A systematic study of DIRs with various dimensions shows that the extent of electron wavefunction delocalization can be tuned by the core sizes and rod diameters. Comparison with the electronic structure determined from transient absorption measurements also reveals the important role of electron-hole binding in affecting the delocalization of electron wavefunction. In addition to probing the electronic structure, the doped electron allows for studying multi-carrier recombination dynamics in these heterostructures which plays a vital role in their many optical and optoelectronic applications. Specifically, by comparing the band edge exciton recombination kinetics of the doped and neutral DIRs, we can extract the negative trion lifetime, which can be further used to derive the positive trion lifetime when combined with biexciton lifetime measurements. These lifetimes also depend sensitively on the core sizes and rod diameters of the DIRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , China 116023 .
| | - Guijie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , China 116023 .
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , Hubei University of Arts and Science , Xiangyang , Hubei 441053 , China
| | - Junhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , China 116023 .
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , China 116023 .
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55
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Li Q, Zhao F, Qu C, Shang Q, Xu Z, Yu L, McBride JR, Lian T. Two-Dimensional Morphology Enhances Light-Driven H 2 Generation Efficiency in CdS Nanoplatelet-Pt Heterostructures. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:11726-11734. [PMID: 30145886 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Light-driven H2 generation using semiconductor nanocrystal heterostructures has attracted intense recent interest because of the ability to rationally improve their performance by tailoring their size, composition, and morphology. In zero- and one-dimensional nanomaterials, the lifetime of the photoinduced charge-separated state is still too short for H2 evolution reaction, limiting the solar-to-H2 conversion efficiency. Here we report that using two-dimensional (2D) CdS nanoplatelet (NPL)-Pt heterostructures, H2 generation internal quantum efficiency (IQE) can exceed 40% at pH 8.8-13 and approach unity at pH 14.7. The near unity IQE at pH 14.7 is similar to those reported for 1D nanorods and can be attributed to the irreversible hole removal by OH-. At pH < 13, the IQE of 2D NPL-Pt is significantly higher than those in 1D nanorods. Detailed time-resolved spectroscopic studies and modeling of the elementary charge separation and recombination processes show that, compared to 1D nanorods, 2D morphology extends charge-separated state lifetime and may play a dominant role in enhancing the H2 generation efficiency. This work provides a new approach for designing nanostructures for efficient light-driven H2 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Li
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Northeast , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Fengjiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Chen Qu
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Northeast , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Qiongyi Shang
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Northeast , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Zihao Xu
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Northeast , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Northeast , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - James R McBride
- Department of Chemistry, The Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , United States
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Northeast , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
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56
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Basu K, Zhang H, Zhao H, Bhattacharya S, Navarro-Pardo F, Datta PK, Jin L, Sun S, Vetrone F, Rosei F. Highly stable photoelectrochemical cells for hydrogen production using a SnO 2-TiO 2/quantum dot heterostructured photoanode. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:15273-15284. [PMID: 30067257 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02286k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting implementing colloidal quantum dots (QDs) as sensitizers is a promising approach for hydrogen (H2) generation, due to the QD's size-tunable optical properties. However, the challenge of long-term stability of the QDs is still unresolved. Here, we introduce a highly stable QD-based PEC device for H2 generation using a photoanode based on a SnO2-TiO2 heterostructure, sensitized by CdSe/CdS core/thick-shell "giant" QDs. This hybrid photoanode architecture leads to an appreciable saturated photocurrent density of ∼4.7 mA cm-2, retaining an unprecedented ∼96% of its initial current density after two hours, and sustaining ∼93% after five hours of continuous irradiation under an AM 1.5G (100 mW cm-2) simulated solar spectrum. Transient photoluminescence (PL) measurements demonstrate that the heterostructured SnO2-TiO2 photoanode exhibits faster electron transfer compared with the bare TiO2 photoanode. The lower electron transfer rate in the TiO2 photoanode can be attributed to slow electron kinetics in the ultraviolet regime, revealed by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. Graphene microplatelets were further introduced into the heterostructured photoanode, which boosted the photocurrent density to ∼5.6 mA cm-2. Our results demonstrate that the SnO2-TiO2 heterostructured photoanode holds significant potential for developing highly stable PEC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh Basu
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Université du Québec, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada.
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57
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Moroz P, Boddy A, Zamkov M. Challenges and Prospects of Photocatalytic Applications Utilizing Semiconductor Nanocrystals. Front Chem 2018; 6:353. [PMID: 30159309 PMCID: PMC6103974 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic systems based on colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals have gained considerable attention owing to potential benefits that include a visible-range light extinction and a low spatial overlap of photoinduced charges. When coupled to metal catalysts, nanocrystal sensitizers have demonstrated a compelling performance in homogenous photoreduction reactions, including the degradation of organic dyes and hydrogen generation. Going beyond half-cycle reactions, however, the progress in the field of nanocrystal photocatalysis has been rather limited. Here, we review some of the challenges associated with photocatalytic applications of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals and highlight possible directions aimed toward their resolution. A particular emphasis was made on new paradigms in this field, including the possibility of harvesting triplet excitons and utilizing nanocrystal assemblies to accumulate multiple charges at the reaction site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Moroz
- The Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University Bowling Green, OH, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
| | - Anthony Boddy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
| | - Mikhail Zamkov
- The Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University Bowling Green, OH, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
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58
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Brumberg A, Diroll BT, Nedelcu G, Sykes ME, Liu Y, Harvey SM, Wasielewski MR, Kovalenko MV, Schaller RD. Material Dimensionality Effects on Electron Transfer Rates Between CsPbBr 3 and CdSe Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4771-4776. [PMID: 29944381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Films containing mixtures of zero- or two-dimensional nanostructures (quantum dots or nanoplatelets) were prepared in order to investigate the impacts of dimensionality on electronic interactions. Electron transfer from CsPbBr3 to CdSe was observed in all of the mixtures, regardless of particle dimensionality, and characterized via both static and transient absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopies. We find that mixtures containing nanoplatelets as the electron acceptor (CdSe) undergo charge transfer more rapidly than those containing quantum dots. We believe the faster charge transfer observed with nanoplatelets may arise from the extended spatial area of the CdSe nanoplatelets and/or the continuous density of acceptor states that are present in nanoplatelets. These results bolster the use of one- or two-dimensional nanomaterials in the place of zero-dimensional quantum dots in the design of related optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and photocatalysts and further offer the prospect of fewer required hopping events to transport carriers due to the larger spatial extent of the particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Brumberg
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Benjamin T Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Georgian Nedelcu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 , CH-8093 , Zürich , Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129 , CH-8600 , Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Matthew E Sykes
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Yuzi Liu
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Samantha M Harvey
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 , CH-8093 , Zürich , Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129 , CH-8600 , Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
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59
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Guo Q, Liang F, Gao XY, Gan QC, Li XB, Li J, Lin ZS, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Metallic Co2C: A Promising Co-catalyst To Boost Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution of Colloidal Quantum Dots. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-Chao Gan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu-Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Shuai Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
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60
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Han X, He X, Sun L, Han X, Zhan W, Xu J, Wang X, Chen J. Increasing Effectiveness of Photogenerated Carriers by in Situ Anchoring of Cu2O Nanoparticles on a Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Yolk–Shell Cuboctahedral Framework. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b04219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiguang Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liming Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Zhan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
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61
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Werwie M, Dworak L, Bottin A, Mayer L, Basché T, Wachtveitl J, Paulsen H. Light-harvesting chlorophyll protein (LHCII) drives electron transfer in semiconductor nanocrystals. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:174-181. [PMID: 29247606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Type-II quantum dots (QDs) are capable of light-driven charge separation between their core and the shell structures; however, their light absorption is limited in the longer-wavelength range. Biological light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) efficiently absorbs in the blue and red spectral domains. Therefore, hybrid complexes of these two structures may be promising candidates for photovoltaic applications. Previous measurements had shown that LHCII bound to QD can transfer its excitation energy to the latter, as indicated by the fluorescence emissions of LHCII and QD being quenched and sensitized, respectively. In the presence of methyl viologen (MV), both fluorescence emissions are quenched, indicating an additional electron transfer process from QDs to MV. Transient absorption spectroscopy confirmed this notion and showed that electron transfer from QDs to MV is much faster than fluorescence energy transfer between LHCII and QD. The action spectrum of MV reduction by LHCII-QD complexes reflected the LHCII absorption spectrum, showing that light absorbed by LHCII and transferred to QDs increased the efficiency of MV reduction by QDs. Under continuous illumination, at least 28 turnovers were observed for the MV reduction. Presumably, the holes in QD cores were filled by a reducing agent in the reaction solution or by the dihydrolipoic-acid coating of the QDs. The LHCII-QD construct can be viewed as a simple model of a photosystem with the QD component acting as reaction center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Werwie
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lars Dworak
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Gebäude N120/224, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anne Bottin
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lisa Mayer
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Basché
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Gebäude N120/224, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Harald Paulsen
- Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
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62
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Dworak L, Roth S, Scheffer MP, Frangakis AS, Wachtveitl J. A thin CdSe shell boosts the electron transfer from CdTe quantum dots to methylene blue. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:2162-2169. [PMID: 29327031 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08287h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CdTe core and CdTe/CdSe core/shell quantum dots (QD) are investigated with steady state and time-resolved spectroscopic methods. The coating of the CdTe core with a 0.7 nm thick CdSe shell shifts the lowest exciton absorption band to the red by more than 70 nm making the CdTe/CdSe QD an interesting candidate for application in solar energy conversion. Femtosecond transient absorption measurements are applied to study the photoinduced electron transfer (ET) to the molecular acceptor methylene blue (MB). ET times after single excitation of the QD are determined for different MB : QD ratios. The ET reaction is significantly faster in the case of the MB-CdTe/CdSe QD complexes, indicative of an altered charge distribution in the photoexcited heterostructure with a higher electron density in the CdSe shell. As a result of the efficient absorption of incoming light and the faster ET reaction, the amount of reduced MB in the time resolved experiments is higher for CdTe/CdSe QD compared to CdTe QD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dworak
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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63
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Park K, Kuo Y, Shvadchak V, Ingargiola A, Dai X, Hsiung L, Kim W, Zhou H, Zou P, Levine AJ, Li J, Weiss S. Membrane insertion of-and membrane potential sensing by-semiconductor voltage nanosensors: Feasibility demonstration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:e1601453. [PMID: 29349292 PMCID: PMC5770167 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We developed membrane voltage nanosensors that are based on inorganic semiconductor nanoparticles. We provide here a feasibility study for their utilization. We use a rationally designed peptide to functionalize the nanosensors, imparting them with the ability to self-insert into a lipid membrane with a desired orientation. Once inserted, these nanosensors could sense membrane potential via the quantum confined Stark effect, with a single-particle sensitivity. With further improvements, these nanosensors could potentially be used for simultaneous recording of action potentials from multiple neurons in a large field of view over a long duration and for recording electrical signals on the nanoscale, such as across one synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungwon Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yung Kuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Volodymyr Shvadchak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Prague 166-10, Czech Republic
| | - Antonino Ingargiola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xinghong Dai
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lawrence Hsiung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wookyeom Kim
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peng Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alex J. Levine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jack Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shimon Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Corresponding author.
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64
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Yuan Y, Adriani G, Xu Y, Chan Y. Highly fluorescent, monolithic semiconductor nanorod clusters for ultrasensitive biodetection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11352-11355. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04524k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Signal amplified, ultrasensitive fluorescence detection of the tetanus toxoidviahighly fluorescent, monolithic semiconductor nanorod clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Yuan
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Giulia Adriani
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*STAR 2 Fusionopolis Way
- Innovis
- Singapore
| | - Yinthai Chan
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- Microfluidics Systems Biology Lab
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology A*STAR
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65
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Fang Z, Zhou J, Sun Y, Hu J, Liang L, Xu R, Duan H. Homoepitaxial growth on semiconductor nanocrystals for efficient and stable visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:17794-17801. [PMID: 29115328 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05206e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in colloidal chemistry offer unique opportunities to construct core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) with tailored optical properties. Major efforts have been focused on synthesizing core/shell NCs via heteroepitaxial growth, which often leads to effective surface passivation and thus reduced trap states (TS). However, the growth of a shell with a wider band gap or energy band offset tends to form a physical barrier for the migration of photo-generated charge carriers to the surrounding environment, resulting in compromised photoactivity. Here, we show that the homoepitaxial growth of NCs is able to facilitate the passivation of TS without affecting the migration of charge carriers to the surface of NCs. Homostructured CdShomo NCs have demonstrated improved photocatalytic hydrogen production compared with the CdS core NCs and heterostructured CdS/ZnS core/shell NCs in terms of both efficiency and photostability. We envision that homoepitaxial growth would provide new opportunities to tailor semiconductor NCs for photocatalytic and photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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66
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Wang P, Wang M, Zhang J, Li C, Xu X, Jin Y. Shell Thickness Engineering Significantly Boosts the Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution Efficiency of CdS/CdSe Core/Shell Quantum Dots. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:35712-35720. [PMID: 28952304 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have recently emerged as a good candidate for photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution in water. A further understanding of the factors that can affect and boost the catalytic activity of the QD-based H2-generating system is of great importance for the future design of such systems for practical use. Here, we report on the fine shell thickness engineering of colloidal CdS/CdSe core/shell QDs and its effect on the photocatalytic H2 production in water. Our results show that, with the proper shell thickness, the H2 photogeneration quantum yield (ΦH2) of CdS/CdSe core/shell QDs could reach 30.9% under the illumination of 420 nm light, which is 49% larger than that of the CdS core. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism has also been tentatively proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Minmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Chuanping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yongdong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
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67
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Semiconductor quantum dot-sensitized rainbow photocathode for effective photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:11297-11302. [PMID: 29073047 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712325114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the fabrication of CdSe quantum dot (QD)-sensitized photocathodes on NiO-coated indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes and their H2-generating ability upon light irradiation. A well-established spin-coating method was used to deposit CdSe QD stock solution onto the surface of NiO/ITO electrodes, thereby leading to the construction of various CdSe QD-sensitized photocathodes. The present report includes the construction of rainbow photocathodes by spin-coating different-sized QDs in a sequentially layered manner, thereby creating an energetically favorable gradient for charge separation. The resulting rainbow photocathodes with forward energetic gradient for charge separation and subsequent electron transfer to a solution-based hydrogen-evolving catalyst (HEC) exhibit good light-harvesting ability and enhanced photoresponses compared with the reverse rainbow photocathodes under white LED light illumination. Under minimally optimized conditions, a photocurrent density of as high as 115 μA⋅cm-2 and a Faradaic efficiency of 99.5% are achieved, which is among the most effective QD-based photocathode water-splitting systems.
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68
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Choi JY, Jeong D, Lee SJ, Kang DG, Kim SK, Nam KM, Song H. Engineering Reaction Kinetics by Tailoring the Metal Tips of Metal-Semiconductor Nanodumbbells. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:5688-5694. [PMID: 28850244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor-metal hybrid nanostructures are one of the best model catalysts for understanding photocatalytic hydrogen generation. To investigate the optimal structure of metal cocatalysts, metal-CdSe-metal nanodumbbells were synthesized with three distinct sets of metal tips, Pt-CdSe-Pt, Au-CdSe-Au, and Au-CdSe-Pt. Photoelectrochemical responses and transient absorption spectra showed that the competition between the charge recombination at the metal-CdSe interface and the water reduction on the metal surface is a detrimental factor for the apparent hydrogen evolution rate. For instance, a large recombination rate (krec) at the Pt-CdSe interface limits the quantum yield of hydrogen generation despite a superior water reduction rate (kWR) on the Pt surface. To suppress the recombination process, Pt was selectively deposited onto the Au tips of Au-CdSe-Au nanodumbbells in which the krec was diminished at the Au-CdSe interface, and the large kWR was maintained on the Pt surface. As a result, the optimal structure of the Pt-coated Au-CdSe-Au nanodumbbells reached a quantum yield of 4.84%. These findings successfully demonstrate that the rational design of a metal cocatalyst and metal-semiconductor interface can additionally enhance the catalytic performance of the photochemical hydrogen generation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yong Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyi Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Joo Lee
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gu Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Min Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Mokpo National University , Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Song
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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69
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Ponseca CS, Chábera P, Uhlig J, Persson P, Sundström V. Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Solar Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10940-11024. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlito S. Ponseca
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Pavel Chábera
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Villy Sundström
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
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70
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Grennell AN, Utterback JK, Pearce OM, Wilker MB, Dukovic G. Relationships between Exciton Dissociation and Slow Recombination within ZnSe/CdS and CdSe/CdS Dot-in-Rod Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:3764-3774. [PMID: 28534406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Type-II and quasi type-II heterostructure nanocrystals are known to exhibit extended excited-state lifetimes compared to their single material counterparts because of reduced wave function overlap between the electron and hole. However, due to fast and efficient hole trapping and nonuniform morphologies, the photophysics of dot-in-rod heterostructures are more rich and complex than this simple picture. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, we observe that the behavior of electrons in the CdS "rod" or "bulb" regions of nonuniform ZnSe/CdS and CdSe/CdS dot-in-rods is similar regardless of the "dot" material, which supports previous work demonstrating that hole trapping and particle morphology drive electron dynamics. Furthermore, we show that the longest lived state in these dot-in-rods is not generated by the type-II or quasi type-II band alignment between the dot and the rod, but rather by electron-hole dissociation that occurs due to fast hole trapping in the CdS rod and electron localization to the bulb. We propose that specific variations in particle morphology and surface chemistry determine the mechanism and efficiency of charge separation and recombination in these nanostructures, and therefore impact their excited-state dynamics to a greater extent than the heterostructure energy level alignment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N Grennell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - James K Utterback
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Orion M Pearce
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Molly B Wilker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Gordana Dukovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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71
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Woodward AN, Kolesar JM, Hall SR, Saleh NA, Jones DS, Walter MG. Thiazolothiazole Fluorophores Exhibiting Strong Fluorescence and Viologen-Like Reversible Electrochromism. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8467-8473. [PMID: 28481091 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, electrochemical, and photophysical characterization of N,N'-dialkylated and N,N'-dibenzylated dipyridinium thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole derivatives are reported. The thiazolothiazole viologens exhibit strong blue fluorescence with high quantum yields between 0.8-0.96. The dioctyl, dimethyl, and dibenzyl derivatives also show distinctive and reversible yellow to dark blue electrochromism at low reduction potentials. The fused bicyclic thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole heterocycle allows the alkylated pyridinium groups to remain planar, strongly affecting their electrochemical properties. The singlet quantum yield is greatly enhanced with quaternarization of the peripheral 4-pyridyl groups (ΦF increases from 0.22 to 0.96) while long-lived fluorescence lifetimes were observed between 1.8-2.4 ns. The thiazolothiazole viologens have been characterized using cyclic voltammetry, UV-visible absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy, spectroelectrochemistry, and time-resolved photoluminescence. The electrochromic properties observed in solution, in addition to their strong fluorescent emission properties, which can be suppressed upon 2 e- reduction, make these materials attractive for multifunctional optoelectronic, electron transfer sensing, and other photochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis N Woodward
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte , Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Justin M Kolesar
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte , Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Sara R Hall
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte , Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Nemah-Allah Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte , Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Daniel S Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte , Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Michael G Walter
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte , Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
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72
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Li XB, Gao YJ, Wang Y, Zhan F, Zhang XY, Kong QY, Zhao NJ, Guo Q, Wu HL, Li ZJ, Tao Y, Zhang JP, Chen B, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Self-Assembled Framework Enhances Electronic Communication of Ultrasmall-Sized Nanoparticles for Exceptional Solar Hydrogen Evolution. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4789-4796. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ji Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fei Zhan
- Beijing
Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yi Zhang
- X-ray
Sciences Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60430, United States
| | - Qing-Yu Kong
- Synchrotron Soleil, L’Orme
des Merisiers St-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Ning-Jiu Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P.R. China
| | - Qing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ye Tao
- Beijing
Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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73
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Pu C, Qin H, Gao Y, Zhou J, Wang P, Peng X. Synthetic Control of Exciton Behavior in Colloidal Quantum Dots. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3302-3311. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaodan Pu
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Jianhai Zhou
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
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74
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Sawaguchi-Sato K, Kobayashi A, Yoshida M, Kato M. Aggregation-enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution activity of photosensitizing cadmium selenide quantum dots and platinum colloidal catalysts. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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75
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Lhenry S, Boichard B, Leroux YR, Even-Hernandez P, Marchi V, Hapiot P. Photo-electrochemical properties of quantum rods studied by scanning electrochemical microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:4627-4635. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07143k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is used for studying the intrinsic photo-electrochemical properties of CdSe/CdS quantum rods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Lhenry
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- CNRS
- Université de Rennes 1
- UMR 6226 (Equipe MaCSE)
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
| | - Benoît Boichard
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- CNRS
- Université de Rennes 1
- UMR 6226 (Equipe MaCSE)
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
| | - Yann R. Leroux
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- CNRS
- Université de Rennes 1
- UMR 6226 (Equipe MaCSE)
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
| | - Pascale Even-Hernandez
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- CNRS
- Université de Rennes 1
- UMR 6226 (Equipe MaCSE)
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
| | - Valérie Marchi
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- CNRS
- Université de Rennes 1
- UMR 6226 (Equipe MaCSE)
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
| | - Philippe Hapiot
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- CNRS
- Université de Rennes 1
- UMR 6226 (Equipe MaCSE)
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
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76
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Cao H, Ma J, Huang L, Qin H, Meng R, Li Y, Peng X. Design and Synthesis of Antiblinking and Antibleaching Quantum Dots in Multiple Colors via Wave Function Confinement. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15727-15735. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hujia Cao
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Junliang Ma
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Renyang Meng
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yang Li
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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77
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Rasamani KD, Li Z, Sun Y. Significant enhancement of photocatalytic water splitting enabled by elimination of surface traps in Pt-tipped CdSe nanorods. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:18621-18625. [PMID: 27786325 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06902a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pt-tipped CdSe nanorods epitaxially passivated with atomic-level CdS shells have been synthesized and have significantly improved the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution efficiency by 6.5 times. The enhancement is due to the effective elimination of surface defects/trap states in the CdSe nanorods, thereby minimizing exciton recombination and maximizing the charge separation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kowsalya Devi Rasamani
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
| | - Zheng Li
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yugang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
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78
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Qiu F, Han Z, Peterson JJ, Odoi MY, Sowers KL, Krauss TD. Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation by CdSe/CdS Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:5347-5352. [PMID: 27478995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production activity of various CdSe semiconductor nanoparticles was compared including CdSe and CdSe/CdS quantum dots (QDs), CdSe quantum rods (QRs), and CdSe/CdS dot-in-rods (DIRs). With equivalent photons absorbed, the H2 generation activity orders as CdSe QDs ≫ CdSe QRs > CdSe/CdS QDs > CdSe/CdS DIRs, which is surprisingly the opposite of the electron-hole separation efficiency. Calculations of photoexcited surface charge densities are positively correlated with the H2 production rate and suggest the size of the nanoparticle plays a critical role in determining the relative efficiency of H2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Qiu
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Zhiji Han
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Peterson
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Michael Y Odoi
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Kelly L Sowers
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Todd D Krauss
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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79
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Lv H, Ruberu TPA, Fleischauer VE, Brennessel WW, Neidig ML, Eisenberg R. Catalytic Light-Driven Generation of Hydrogen from Water by Iron Dithiolene Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:11654-63. [PMID: 27584879 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of active, robust systems for light-driven hydrogen production from aqueous protons based on catalysts and light absorbers composed solely of earth abundant elements remains a challenge in the development of an artificial photosynthetic system for water splitting. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of four closely related Fe bis(benzenedithiolate) complexes that exhibit catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution when employed in systems with water-soluble CdSe QDs as photosensitizer and ascorbic acid as a sacrificial electron source under visible light irradiation (520 nm). The complex with the most electron-donating dithiolene ligand exhibits the highest activity, the overall order of activity correlating with the reduction potential of the formally Fe(III) dimeric dianions. Detailed studies of the effect of different capping agents and the extent of surface coverage of these capping agents on the CdSe QD surfaces reveal that they affect system activity and provide insight into the continued development of such systems containing QD light absorbers and molecular catalysts for H2 formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Lv
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - T Purnima A Ruberu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Valerie E Fleischauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - William W Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Michael L Neidig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Richard Eisenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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80
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Harris RD, Bettis Homan S, Kodaimati M, He C, Nepomnyashchii AB, Swenson NK, Lian S, Calzada R, Weiss EA. Electronic Processes within Quantum Dot-Molecule Complexes. Chem Rev 2016; 116:12865-12919. [PMID: 27499491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The subject of this review is the colloidal quantum dot (QD) and specifically the interaction of the QD with proximate molecules. It covers various functions of these molecules, including (i) ligands for the QDs, coupled electronically or vibrationally to localized surface states or to the delocalized states of the QD core, (ii) energy or electron donors or acceptors for the QDs, and (iii) structural components of QD assemblies that dictate QD-QD or QD-molecule interactions. Research on interactions of ligands with colloidal QDs has revealed that ligands determine not only the excited state dynamics of the QD but also, in some cases, its ground state electronic structure. Specifically, the article discusses (i) measurement of the electronic structure of colloidal QDs and the influence of their surface chemistry, in particular, dipolar ligands and exciton-delocalizing ligands, on their electronic energies; (ii) the role of molecules in interfacial electron and energy transfer processes involving QDs, including electron-to-vibrational energy transfer and the use of the ligand shell of a QD as a semipermeable membrane that gates its redox activity; and (iii) a particular application of colloidal QDs, photoredox catalysis, which exploits the combination of the electronic structure of the QD core and the chemistry at its surface to use the energy of the QD excited state to drive chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stephanie Bettis Homan
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mohamad Kodaimati
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chen He
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | - Nathaniel K Swenson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Shichen Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Raul Calzada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Emily A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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81
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Ben-Shahar Y, Banin U. Hybrid Semiconductor–Metal Nanorods as Photocatalysts. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:54. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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82
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Waiskopf N, Ben-Shahar Y, Galchenko M, Carmel I, Moshitzky G, Soreq H, Banin U. Photocatalytic Reactive Oxygen Species Formation by Semiconductor-Metal Hybrid Nanoparticles. Toward Light-Induced Modulation of Biological Processes. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4266-73. [PMID: 27224678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor-metal hybrid nanoparticles manifest efficient light-induced spatial charge separation at the semiconductor-metal interface, as demonstrated by their use for hydrogen generation via water splitting. Here, we pioneer a study of their functionality as efficient photocatalysts for the formation of reactive oxygen species. We observed enhanced photocatalytic activity forming hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals upon light excitation, which was significantly larger than that of the semiconductor nanocrystals, attributed to the charge separation and the catalytic function of the metal tip. We used this photocatalytic functionality for modulating the enzymatic activity of horseradish peroxidase as a model system, demonstrating the potential use of hybrid nanoparticles as active agents for controlling biological processes through illumination. The capability to produce reactive oxygen species by illumination on-demand enhances the available peroxidase-based tools for research and opens the path for studying biological processes at high spatiotemporal resolution, laying the foundation for developing novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Waiskopf
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ‡Department of Biological Chemistry and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yuval Ben-Shahar
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ‡Department of Biological Chemistry and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Michael Galchenko
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ‡Department of Biological Chemistry and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Inbal Carmel
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ‡Department of Biological Chemistry and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Gilli Moshitzky
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ‡Department of Biological Chemistry and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Hermona Soreq
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ‡Department of Biological Chemistry and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Uri Banin
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ‡Department of Biological Chemistry and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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83
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Competition of branch-to-core exciton localization and interfacial electron transfer in CdSe tetrapods. Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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84
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Troppmann S, König B. Functionalized Vesicles with Co-Embedded CdSe Quantum Dots and [FeFe]-Hydrogenase Mimic for Light-Driven Hydrogen Production. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Troppmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Regensburg; Universitätsstr. 31 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Regensburg; Universitätsstr. 31 93040 Regensburg Germany
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85
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Kalisman P, Nakibli Y, Amirav L. Perfect Photon-to-Hydrogen Conversion Efficiency. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:1776-81. [PMID: 26788824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We report a record 100% photon-to-hydrogen production efficiency, under visible light illumination, for the photocatalytic water-splitting reduction half-reaction. This result was accomplished by utilization of nanoparticle-based photocatalysts, composed of Pt-tipped CdSe@CdS rods, with a hydroxyl anion-radical redox couple operating as a shuttle to relay the holes. The implications of such record efficiency for the prospects of realizing practical over all water splitting and solar-to-fuel energy conversion are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kalisman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yifat Nakibli
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Lilac Amirav
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
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86
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Abstract
Understanding photoinduced charge transfer from nanomaterials is essential to the many applications of these materials. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding charge transfer from quantum dots (QDs), an ideal model system for investigating fundamental charge transfer properties of low-dimensional quantum-confined nanomaterials. We first discuss charge transfer from QDs to weakly coupled acceptors within the framework of Marcus nonadiabatic electron transfer (ET) theory, focusing on the dependence of ET rates on reorganization energy, electronic coupling, and driving force. Because of the strong electron-hole interaction, we show that ET from QDs should be described by the Auger-assisted ET model, which is significantly different from ET between molecules or from bulk semiconductor electrodes. For strongly quantum-confined QDs on semiconductor surfaces, the coupling can fall within the strong coupling limit, in which case the donor-acceptor interaction and ET properties can be described by the Newns-Anderson model of chemisorption. We also briefly discuss recent progress in controlling charge transfer properties in quantum-confined nanoheterostructures through wavefunction engineering and multiple exciton dissociation. Finally, we identify a few key areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;
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87
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Jia Y, Chen J, Wu K, Kaledin A, Musaev DG, Xie Z, Lian T. Enhancing photo-reduction quantum efficiency using quasi-type II core/shell quantum dots. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4125-4133. [PMID: 30155056 PMCID: PMC6013914 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00192k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancing photoreduction quantum yield in core/shell QDs through an unexpectedly fast increase of hole removal rate with shell thickness.
Quantum confined semiconductor nanocrystals have emerged as a new class of materials for light harvesting and charge separation applications due to the ability to control their properties through rational design of their size, shape and composition. We report here a study of enhancing the quantum yield of methyl viologen (MV2+) photoreduction using colloidal quasi-type II CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots (QDs). The steady-state quantum yield of MV+˙ radical generation, in the presence of thiols as sacrificial donors, increased monotonically with the CdS shell thickness within the studied thickness regime (0–4.7 CdS monolayers). Using ultrafast transient absorption and time-resolved photoluminescence decay spectroscopy, we found that both the rates of electron transfer from the QD to MV2+ and the subsequent charge recombination in QD+–MV+˙ complexes decreased exponentially with the shell thickness, consistent with calculated 1S electron and hole densities at the QD surfaces, respectively. Interestingly, the hole transfer rate remained relatively independent of shell thickness, likely due to a cancellation of the reduction of hole transfer coupling strength with the increased number of hole acceptor ligands on the QD surface at larger shell thickness. As a result, with increasing CdS shell thickness, the charge recombination loss decreases, enhancing the photoreduction quantum efficiency. This novel approach for improving photoreduction quantum efficiency should be applicable to many type II and quasi-type II core/shell quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Jia
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , USA . .,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , USA .
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , USA .
| | - Alex Kaledin
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , USA .
| | | | - Zhaoxiong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , USA .
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88
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Jensen SC, Homan SB, Weiss EA. Photocatalytic Conversion of Nitrobenzene to Aniline through Sequential Proton-Coupled One-Electron Transfers from a Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dot. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1591-600. [PMID: 26784531 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the use of cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) as visible-light photocatalysts for the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline through six sequential photoinduced, proton-coupled electron transfers. At pH 3.6-4.3, the internal quantum yield of photons-to-reducing electrons is 37.1% over 54 h of illumination, with no apparent decrease in catalyst activity. Monitoring of the QD exciton by transient absorption reveals that, for each step in the catalytic cycle, the sacrificial reductant, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, scavenges the excitonic hole in ∼5 ps to form QD(•-); electron transfer to nitrobenzene or the intermediates nitrosobenzene and phenylhydroxylamine then occurs on the nanosecond time scale. The rate constants for the single-electron transfer reactions are correlated with the driving forces for the corresponding proton-coupled electron transfers. This result suggests, but does not prove, that electron transfer, not proton transfer, is rate-limiting for these reactions. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the QD-molecule systems shows that the photoproduct aniline, left unprotonated, serves as a poison for the QD catalyst by adsorbing to its surface. Performing the reaction at an acidic pH not only encourages aniline to desorb but also increases the probability of protonated intermediates; the latter effect probably ensures that recruitment of protons is not rate-limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Stephanie Bettis Homan
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Emily A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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89
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Chen J, Wu K, Rudshteyn B, Jia Y, Ding W, Xie ZX, Batista VS, Lian T. Ultrafast Photoinduced Interfacial Proton Coupled Electron Transfer from CdSe Quantum Dots to 4,4′-Bipyridine. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:884-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Benjamin Rudshteyn
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Yanyan Jia
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Wendu Ding
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Zhao-Xiong Xie
- State
Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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90
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Wu K, Lian T. Quantum confined colloidal nanorod heterostructures for solar-to-fuel conversion. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:3781-810. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00472a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal one-dimensional (1D) semiconductor nanorods (NRs) offer the opportunity to simultaneously maintain quantum confinement in radial dimensions for tunable light absorptions and bulk like carrier transport in the axial direction for long-distance charge separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- Emory University
- Atlanta
- USA
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91
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Hamon C, Martini C, Even-Hernandez P, Boichard B, Voisin H, Largeau L, Gosse C, Coradin T, Aimé C, Marchi V. An aqueous one-pot route to gold/quantum rod heterostructured nanoparticles functionalized with DNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16119-22. [PMID: 26393526 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05148g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report an original approach exploiting the photoelectrochemical properties of quantum rods and the versatility of Au(I) organometallic chemistry to control DNA surface grafting. This one-pot aqueous approach provides Janus biofunctionalized nanoparticles, the assembly of which should results in the emergence of synergistic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hamon
- UMR 6226 Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | - C Martini
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris, France.
| | - P Even-Hernandez
- UMR 6226 Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | - B Boichard
- UMR 6226 Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | - H Voisin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris, France.
| | - L Largeau
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN-CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - C Gosse
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN-CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - T Coradin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris, France.
| | - C Aimé
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris, France.
| | - V Marchi
- UMR 6226 Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France.
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92
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Razgoniaeva N, Moroz P, Lambright S, Zamkov M. Photocatalytic Applications of Colloidal Heterostructured Nanocrystals: What's Next? J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:4352-9. [PMID: 26722971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the colloidal synthesis of inorganic nanocrystals has led to the realization of complex, multidomain nanoparticle morphologies that give rise to advanced optoelectronic properties. Such nanocomposites are particularly appealing for photocatalytic applications where tunable absorption, extensive charge separation, and large surface-to-volume ratios are important. To date, heterostructured nanocrystals featuring a metal catalyst and a semiconductor "chromophore" component have shown compelling efficiencies in photoreduction reactions, including sacrificial hydrogen production. Time-resolved optical studies have attributed their success to a near-complete separation of photoinduced charges across dissimilar nanoparticle domains. The spectroscopy approach has also identified the key performance-limiting factors of nanocrystal catalysts that arise from inefficient extraction of photoinduced charges to catalytic sites. Along these lines, the main scope of present-day efforts targets the improvement of interstitial charge transfer pathways across the chromophore-catalyst assembly through the design of high-quality stoichiometric interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Scott Lambright
- First Solar , 28101 Cedar Park Blvd, Perrysburg, Ohio 43551, United States
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93
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Ehamparam R, Pavlopoulos NG, Liao MW, Hill LJ, Armstrong NR, Pyun J, Saavedra SS. Band Edge Energetics of Heterostructured Nanorods: Photoemission Spectroscopy and Waveguide Spectroelectrochemistry of Au-Tipped CdSe Nanorod Monolayers. ACS NANO 2015; 9:8786-800. [PMID: 26291717 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Conduction and valence band energies (ECB, EVB) for CdSe nanorods (NRs) functionalized with Au nanoparticle (NP) tips are reported here, referenced to the vacuum scale. We use (a) UV photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) to measure EVB for NR films, utilizing advanced approaches to secondary electron background correction, satellite removal to enhance spectral contrast, and correction for shifts in local vacuum levels; and (b) waveguide-based spectroelectrochemistry to measure ECB from onset potentials for electron injection into NR films tethered to ITO. For untipped CdSe NRs, both approaches show EVB = 5.9-6.1 eV and ECB = 4.1-4.3 eV. Addition of Au tips alters the NR band edge energies and introduces midgap states, in ways that are predicted to influence the efficiency of these nanomaterials as photoelectrocatalysts. UPS results show that Au tipping shifts EVB closer to vacuum by up to 0.4 eV, shifts the apparent Fermi energy toward the middle of the band gap, and introduces additional states above EVB. Spectroelectrochemical results confirm these trends: Au tipping shifts ECB closer to vacuum, by 0.4-0.6 eV, and introduces midgap states below ECB, which are assigned as metal-semiconductor interface (MSI) states. Characterization of these band edge energies and understanding the origins of MSI states is needed to design energy conversion systems with proper band alignment between the light absorbing NR, the NP catalyst, and solution electron donors and acceptors. The complementary characterization protocols presented here should be applicable to a wide variety of thin films of heterogeneous photoactive nanomaterials, aiding in the identification of the most promising material combinations for photoelectrochemical energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanan Ehamparam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Nicholas G Pavlopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Michael W Liao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Lawrence J Hill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Neal R Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jeffrey Pyun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- World Class University Program for Chemical Convergence for Energy and Environment, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - S Scott Saavedra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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94
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Wu K, Du Y, Tang H, Chen Z, Lian T. Efficient Extraction of Trapped Holes from Colloidal CdS Nanorods. J Am Chem Soc 2015. [PMID: 26221916 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) nanostructures have been widely applied for solar driven H2 generations due to its suitable band gap and band edge energetics. For an efficient photoreduction reaction, hole scavenging from CdS needs to compete favorably with many recombination processes. Extensive spectroscopic studies show evidence for hole trapping in CdS nanostructures, which naturally leads the concern of extracting trapped holes from CdS in photocatalytic reactions. Here, we report a study of hole transfer dynamics from colloidal CdS nanorods (NRs) to adsorbed hole acceptor, phenothiazine (PTZ), using transient absorption spectroscopy. We show that >99% of the holes were trapped (with a time constant of 0.73 ps) in free CdS NRs to form a photoinduced transient absorption (PA) feature. In the presence of PTZ, we observed the decay of the PA feature and corresponding formation of oxidized PTZ(+) radicals, providing direct spectroscopic evidence for trapped hole transfer from CdS. The trapped holes were extracted by PTZ in 3.8 ± 1.7 ns (half-life) to form long-lived charge separated states (CdS(-)-PTZ(+)) with a half lifetime of 310 ± 50 ns. This hole transfer time is significantly faster than the slow conduction band electron-trapped hole recombination (half lifetime of 67 ± 1 ns) in free CdS NRs, leading to an extraction efficiency of 94.7 ± 9.0%. Our results show that despite rapid hole trapping in CdS NRs, efficient extraction of trapped holes by electron donors and slow recombination of the resulting charge-separated states can still be achieved to enable efficient photoreduction using CdS nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Wu
- †Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yongling Du
- ‡College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hua Tang
- †Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.,§School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Zheyuan Chen
- †Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Tianquan Lian
- †Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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95
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Abstract
We provide evidence that for a multielectron reaction such as hydrogen reduction, the photocatalyst design should include only a single cocatalytic site per each segment of the semiconductor capable of light excitation. This is to ensure that intermediates are formed at close proximity. These findings are demonstrated by evaluating the efficiency for hydrogen production over a nanoparticle-based photocatalyst consisting of Pt-decorated CdSe@CdS rods. Rods decorated with a single Pt catalyst were found to be the most active for hydrogen production, with QE of 27%, while rods having two reduction sites reached QE of only 18% and rods with multiple sites showed very low activity. The advantage of using a single catalytic site became negligible when the rods were employed in catalyzing a single electron reaction. We believe the implications of this finding are of significance for the proper design of photocatalysts aimed at solar-to-fuel energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifat Nakibli
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, and The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Philip Kalisman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, and The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Lilac Amirav
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, and The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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96
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Fernando KAS, Sahu S, Liu Y, Lewis WK, Guliants EA, Jafariyan A, Wang P, Bunker CE, Sun YP. Carbon quantum dots and applications in photocatalytic energy conversion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:8363-76. [PMID: 25845394 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) generally refer to nanoscale particles of conventional semiconductors that are subject to the quantum-confinement effect, though other nanomaterials of similar optical and redox properties are also named as QDs even in the absence of strictly defined quantum confinement. Among such nanomaterials that have attracted tremendous recent interest are carbon dots, which are small carbon nanoparticles with some form of surface passivation, and graphene quantum dots in various configurations. In this article, we highlight these carbon-based QDs by focusing on their syntheses, on their photoexcited state properties and redox processes, and on their applications as photocatalysts in visible-light carbon dioxide reduction and in water-splitting, as well as on their mechanistic similarities and differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Shiral Fernando
- ‡Energy Technology and Materials Division, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio 45469, United States
| | - Sushant Sahu
- §Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States, and
| | - Yamin Liu
- §Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States, and
| | - William K Lewis
- ⊥Aerospace Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Elena A Guliants
- ‡Energy Technology and Materials Division, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio 45469, United States
| | - Amirhossein Jafariyan
- §Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States, and
| | - Ping Wang
- §Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States, and
| | - Christopher E Bunker
- ⊥Aerospace Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Ya-Ping Sun
- ‡Energy Technology and Materials Division, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio 45469, United States
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97
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Hamon C, Ciaccafava A, Infossi P, Puppo R, Even-Hernandez P, Lojou E, Marchi V. Synthesis and enzymatic photo-activity of an O2 tolerant hydrogenase-CdSe@CdS quantum rod bioconjugate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:4989-92. [PMID: 24468861 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49368g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This communication reports on the preparation of stable and photo-active nano-heterostructures composed of O2 tolerant [NiFe] hydrogenase extracted from the Aquifex aeolicus bacterium grafted onto hydrophilic CdSe/CdS quantum rods in view of the development of H2/O2 biofuel cells. The resulting complex is efficient towards H2 oxidation, displays good stability and new photosensitive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hamon
- Université Rennes 1, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS UMR 6226 Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France.
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98
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Wang P, Zhang J, He H, Xu X, Jin Y. The important role of surface ligand on CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals in affecting the efficiency of H₂ photogeneration from water. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:5767-5775. [PMID: 25757912 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr07343f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), especially those with a core/shell structure, for photocatalytic hydrogen (H₂) production from water is currently one of the hottest research fields. Although the ligand on the semiconductor NC surface is crucial to the optical and optoelectronic properties of the NC, the study of the ligand effect on the photocatalytic activity of H₂ generation is rarely reported. Herein, we employ nearly monodispersed CdSe/CdS core/shell NCs as a model photocatalytic system, and three kinds of ligands with different numbers of functional thiol groups (i.e., poly(acrylic acid), 3-mercaptopropionic acid and 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid) are selected as the ligands to investigate the effect of ligand on the efficiency of H₂ photogeneration. The results show that the H₂ photogeneration efficiency is highly dependent on the surface ligand of the NCs, and it increases with the increase of the number of the functional thiol groups in the ligand, and correspondingly, the photoluminescence intensity and average fluorescence lifetime, which are measured by steady state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements, are decreased. The surface trap-related charge separation efficiency, which is mediated by surface coating with different ligands, is supposed to cause the distinct ligand-dependent performance in the H₂ evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.
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99
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Wu K, Zhu H, Lian T. Ultrafast exciton dynamics and light-driven H2 evolution in colloidal semiconductor nanorods and Pt-tipped nanorods. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:851-9. [PMID: 25682713 DOI: 10.1021/ar500398g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum confined one-dimensional (1D) semiconductor nanorods (NRs) and related semiconductor-metal heterostructures are promising new materials for efficient solar-to-fuel conversion because of their unique physical and chemical properties. NRs can simultaneously exhibit quantum confinement effects in the radial direction and bulk like carrier transport in the axial direction. The former implies that concepts well-established in zero-dimensional quantum dots, such as size-tunable energetics and wave function engineering through band alignment in heterostructures, can also be applied to NRs; while the latter endows NRs with fast carrier transport to achieve long distance charge separation. Selective growth of catalytic metallic nanoparticles, such as Pt, at the tips of NRs provides convenient routes to multicomponent heterostructures with photocatalytic capabilities and controllable charge separation distances. The design and optimization of such materials for efficient solar-to-fuel conversion require the understanding of exciton and charge carrier dynamics. In this Account, we summarize our recent studies of ultrafast charge separation and recombination kinetics and their effects on steady-state photocatalytic efficiencies of colloidal CdS and CdSe/CdS NRs and related NR-Pt heterostructures. After a brief introduction of their electronic structure, we discuss exciton dynamics of CdS NRs. By transient absorption and time-resolved photoluminescence decay, it is shown that although the conduction band electrons are long-lived, photogenerated holes in CdS NRs are trapped on an ultrafast time scale (∼0.7 ps), which forms localized excitons due to strong Coulomb interaction in 1D NRs. In quasi-type II CdSe/CdS dot-in-rod NRs, a large valence band offset drives the ultrafast localization of holes to the CdSe core, and the competition between this process and ultrafast hole trapping on a CdS rod leads to three types of exciton species with distinct spatial distributions. The effect of the exciton dynamics on photoreduction reactions is illustrated using methyl viologen (MV(2+)) as a model electron acceptor. The steady-state MV(2+) photoreduction quantum yield of CdSe/CdS dot-in-rod NRs approaches unity under rod excitation, much larger than CdSe QDs and CdSe/CdS core/shell QDs. Detailed time-resolved studies show that in quasi-type II CdSe/CdS NRs and type II ZnSe/CdS NRs strong quantum confinement in the radial direction facilitates fast electron transfer and hole removal, whereas the fast carrier mobility along the axial direction enables long distance charge separation and slow charge recombination, which is essential for efficient MV(2+) photoreduction. The NR/MV(2+) relay system can be coupled to Pt nanoparticles in solution for light-driven H2 generation. Alternatively, Pt-tipped CdS and CdSe/CdS NRs provide fully integrated all inorganic systems for light-driven H2 generation. In CdS-Pt and CdSe/CdS-Pt hetero-NRs, ultrafast hole trapping on the CdS rod surface or in CdSe core enables efficient electron transfer from NRs to Pt tips by suppressing hole and energy transfer. It is shown that the quantum yields of photodriven H2 generation using these heterostructures correlate well with measured hole transfer rates from NRs to sacrificial donors, revealing that hole removal is the key efficiency-limiting step. These findings provide important insights for designing more efficient quantum confined NR and NR-Pt based systems for solar-to-fuel conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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100
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Singh R, Pal B. Preparation, Surface and Crystal Structure, Band Energetics, Optoelectronic, and Photocatalytic Properties of AuxCd1−xS Nanorods. Chempluschem 2015; 80:851-858. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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