51
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Beiler AM, Khusnutdinova D, Jacob SI, Moore GF. Solar Hydrogen Production Using Molecular Catalysts Immobilized on Gallium Phosphide (111)A and (111)B Polymer-Modified Photocathodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:10038-47. [PMID: 26998554 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the immobilization of hydrogen-producing cobaloxime catalysts onto p-type gallium phosphide (111)A and (111)B substrates via coordination to a surface-grafted polyvinylimidazole brush. Successful grafting of the polymeric interface and subsequent assembly of cobalt-containing catalysts are confirmed using grazing angle attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Photoelectrochemical testing in aqueous conditions at neutral pH shows that cobaloxime modification of either crystal face yields a similar enhancement of photoperformance, achieving a greater than 4-fold increase in current density and associated rates of hydrogen production as compared to results obtained using unfunctionalized electrodes tested under otherwise identical conditions. Under simulated solar illumination (100 mW cm(-2)), the catalyst-modified photocathodes achieve a current density ≈ 1 mA cm(-2) when polarized at 0 V vs the reversible hydrogen electrode reference and show near-unity Faradaic efficiency for hydrogen production as determined by gas chromatography analysis of the headspace. This work illustrates the modularity and versatility of the catalyst-polymer-semiconductor approach for directly coupling light harvesting to fuel production and the ability to export this chemistry across distinct crystal face orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Beiler
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Diana Khusnutdinova
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Samuel I Jacob
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Gary F Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD), Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
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52
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Gu J, Yan Y, Young JL, Steirer KX, Neale NR, Turner JA. Water reduction by a p-GaInP2 photoelectrode stabilized by an amorphous TiO2 coating and a molecular cobalt catalyst. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:456-60. [PMID: 26689139 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Producing hydrogen through solar water splitting requires the coverage of large land areas. Abundant metal-based molecular catalysts offer scalability, but only if they match noble metal activities. We report on a highly active p-GaInP2 photocathode protected through a 35-nm TiO2 layer functionalized by a cobaloxime molecular catalyst (GaInP2-TiO2-cobaloxime). This photoelectrode mediates H2 production with a current density of ∼9 mA cm(-2) at a potential of 0 V versus RHE under 1-sun illumination at pH 13. The calculated turnover number for the catalyst during a 20-h period is 139,000, with an average turnover frequency of 1.9 s(-1). Bare GaInP2 shows a rapid current decay, whereas the GaInP2-TiO2-cobaloxime electrode shows ≤5% loss over 20 min, comparable to a GaInP2-TiO2-Pt catalyst particle-modified interface. The activity and corrosion resistance of the GaInP2-TiO2-cobaloxime photocathode in basic solution is made possible by an atomic layer-deposited TiO2 and an attached cobaloxime catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gu
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Yong Yan
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - James L Young
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
- Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - K Xerxes Steirer
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Nathan R Neale
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - John A Turner
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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53
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Reuillard B, Warnan J, Leung JJ, Wakerley DW, Reisner E. A Poly(cobaloxime)/Carbon Nanotube Electrode: Freestanding Buckypaper with Polymer-Enhanced H2-Evolution Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3952-7. [PMID: 26890469 PMCID: PMC4794774 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A freestanding H2-evolution electrode consisting of a copolymer-embedded cobaloxime integrated into a multiwall carbon nanotube matrix by π-π interactions is reported. This electrode is straightforward to assemble and displays high activity towards hydrogen evolution in near-neutral pH solution under inert and aerobic conditions, with a cobalt-based turnover number (TON(Co)) of up to 420. An analogous electrode with a monomeric cobaloxime showed less activity with a TON(Co) of only 80. These results suggest that, in addition to the high surface area of the porous network of the buckypaper, the polymeric scaffold provides a stabilizing environment to the catalyst, leading to further enhancement in catalytic performance. We have therefore established that the use of a multifunctional copolymeric architecture is a viable strategy to enhance the performance of molecular electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Reuillard
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julien Warnan
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jane J Leung
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, UK
| | - David W Wakerley
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, UK.
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54
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Reuillard B, Warnan J, Leung JJ, Wakerley DW, Reisner E. A Poly(cobaloxime)/Carbon Nanotube Electrode: Freestanding Buckypaper with Polymer-Enhanced H2
-Evolution Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Reuillard
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road CB2 1EW Cambridge UK
| | - Julien Warnan
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road CB2 1EW Cambridge UK
| | - Jane J. Leung
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road CB2 1EW Cambridge UK
| | - David W. Wakerley
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road CB2 1EW Cambridge UK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road CB2 1EW Cambridge UK
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55
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Schreier M, Luo J, Gao P, Moehl T, Mayer MT, Grätzel M. Covalent Immobilization of a Molecular Catalyst on Cu2O Photocathodes for CO2 Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1938-46. [PMID: 26804626 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sunlight-driven CO2 reduction is a promising way to close the anthropogenic carbon cycle. Integrating light harvester and electrocatalyst functions into a single photoelectrode, which converts solar energy and CO2 directly into reduced carbon species, is under extensive investigation. The immobilization of rhenium-containing CO2 reduction catalysts on the surface of a protected Cu2O-based photocathode allows for the design of a photofunctional unit combining the advantages of molecular catalysts with inorganic photoabsorbers. To achieve large current densities, a nanostructured TiO2 scaffold, processed at low temperature, was deposited on the surface of protected Cu2O photocathodes. This led to a 40-fold enhancement of the catalytic photocurrent as compared to planar devices, resulting in the sunlight-driven evolution of CO at large current densities and with high selectivity. Potentiodynamic and spectroelectrochemical measurements point toward a similar mechanism for the catalyst in the bound and unbound form, whereas no significant production of CO was observed from the scaffold in the absence of a molecular catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schreier
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jingshan Luo
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peng Gao
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Moehl
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthew T Mayer
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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56
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Sun C, Prosperini S, Quagliotto P, Viscardi G, Yoon SS, Gobetto R, Nervi C. Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 by thiophene-substituted rhenium(i) complexes and by their polymerized films. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:14678-88. [PMID: 26800520 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04491j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Three novel thiophene substituted bipyridine ligands and their corresponding rhenium complexes were synthesized and tested for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. Two complexes underwent oxidative electropolymerization on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface. The conductive polymers chemically deposited on the GCE allow electron transport from the surface to the polymer-attached rhenium catalytic center in contact with the solution. The chemically modified electrodes show significant catalytic activities for CO2 reduction, and moderate relative higher stabilities when compared with the homogeneous solution counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunfa Sun
- Department of Chemistry, NIS and CIRCC (Bari), University of Torino via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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57
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Kim HJ, Seo J, Rose MJ. H2 Photogeneration Using a Phosphonate-Anchored Ni-PNP Catalyst on a Band-Edge-Modified p-Si(111)|AZO Construct. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:1061-1066. [PMID: 26741653 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication of a {semiconductor}|{metal oxide}|{molecular catalyst} construct for the photogeneration of dihydrogen (H2) under illumination, including band-edge modulation of the semiconductor electrode depending on the identity of Si(111)-R and the metal oxide. Briefly, a synergistic band-edge modulation is observed upon (i) the introduction of a p-Si|n-AZO heterojunction and (ii) introduction of an organic dimethoxyphenyl (diMeOPh) group at the heterojunction interface; the AZO also serves as a transparent and conductive conduit, which was capped with an ultrathin layer (20 Å) of amorphous TiO2 for stability. A phosphonate-appended PNP ligand and its Ni complex were then adsorbed to the p/n heterojunction for photoelectrochemical H2 generation (figures of merit: Vonset ≈ + 0.03 V vs NHE, Jmax ≈ 8 mA cm(-2) at 60 mM TsOH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hark Jin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Junhyeok Seo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J Rose
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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58
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Williams OM, Shi JW, Rose MJ. Photoelectrochemical study of p-GaP(100)|ZnO|AuNP devices: strategies for enhanced electron transfer and aqueous catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:9145-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00703a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a photocathode device consisting of GaP, a metal oxide (Al2O3 or ZnO), a phosphonate-C12-thiol monolayer, and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen M. Williams
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Justin W. Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Michael J. Rose
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
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59
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Eady SC, Breault T, Thompson L, Lehnert N. Highly functionalizable penta-coordinate iron hydrogen production catalysts with low overpotentials. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:1138-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03744a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Penta-coordinate iron complexes with ‘PNP’ diphosphine ligands, [Fe(S2C6H4)((C6H5)2PN(R)P(C6H5)2)CO], all air-stable FeII compounds, show electrocatalytic H2 production at low overpotentials (η = 0.09–0.21 V vs. Pt). These catalysts utilize an EC mechanism, where one-electron reduction triggers protonation by weak acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn C. Eady
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Michigan
- 930 North University Ave
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - Tanya Breault
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - Levi Thompson
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - Nicolai Lehnert
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Michigan
- 930 North University Ave
- Ann Arbor
- USA
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60
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Wang Y, Li F, Li H, Bai L, Sun L. Photocatalytic water oxidation via combination of BiVO4–RGO and molecular cobalt catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:3050-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09588c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Co4O4cubic complexes were found to be efficient cocatalysts for light-driven water oxidation in a system containing BiVO4–RGO and AgNO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology (DUT)
- DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology (DUT)
- DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology (DUT)
- DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Lichen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology (DUT)
- DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Licheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology (DUT)
- DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices
- Dalian 116024
- China
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61
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Kang OS, Bruce JP, Herbert DE, Freund MS. Covalent Attachment of Ferrocene to Silicon Microwire Arrays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:26959-26967. [PMID: 26569144 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A fully integrated, freestanding device for photoelectrochemical fuel generation will likely require covalent attachment of catalysts to the surface of the photoelectrodes. Ferrocene has been utilized in the past as a model system for molecular catalyst integration on planar silicon; however, the surface structure of high-aspect ratio silicon microwires envisioned for a potential device presents potential challenges with respect to stability, characterization, and mass transport. Attachment of vinylferrocene to Cl-terminated surfaces of silicon microwires was performed thermally. By varying the reaction time, solutions of vinylferrocene in di-n-butyl ether were employed to control the extent of functionalization. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemistry were used to estimate the density and surface coverage of the silicon microwire arrays with ferrocenyl groups, which could be controllably varied from 1.23 × 10(-11) to 4.60 × 10(-10) mol cm(-2) or 1 to 30% of a monolayer. Subsequent backfill of the remaining Si-Cl sites with methyl groups produced ferrocenyl-terminated surfaces that showed unchanged cyclic volammograms following two months in air, under ambient conditions, and repeated electrochemical cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onkar S Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jared P Bruce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - David E Herbert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Michael S Freund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
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62
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Molecular cathode and photocathode materials for hydrogen evolution in photoelectrochemical devices. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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63
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Tian H. Molecular Catalyst Immobilized Photocathodes for Water/Proton and Carbon Dioxide Reduction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:3746-59. [PMID: 26437747 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
As one of the components in a tandem photoelectrochemical cell for solar-fuel production, the photocathode carries out the reduction reaction to convert solar light and the corresponding substrate (e.g., proton and CO2) into target fuels. Immobilizing molecular catalysts onto the photocathode is a promising strategy to enhance the interfacial electron/hole-transfer process and to improve the stability of the catalysts. Furthermore, the molecular catalysts are beneficial in improving the selectivity of the reduction reaction, particularly for CO2 reduction. On the photocathode, the binding mode of the catalysts and the arrangement between the photosensitizer and the catalyst also play crucial roles in the performance and stability of the final device. How to firmly and effectively immobilize the catalyst on the photoelectrode is now becoming a scientific question. Recent publications on molecular catalyst immobilized photocathodes are therefore surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Tian
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden.
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64
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Downes CA, Marinescu SC. Efficient Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical H2 Production from Water by a Cobalt Dithiolene One-Dimensional Metal–Organic Surface. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13740-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A. Downes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Smaranda C. Marinescu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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65
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Fan K, Li F, Wang L, Daniel Q, Chen H, Gabrielsson E, Sun J, Sun L. Immobilization of a Molecular Ruthenium Catalyst on Hematite Nanorod Arrays for Water Oxidation with Stable Photocurrent. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:3242-3247. [PMID: 26315677 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells for light-driven water splitting are prepared using hematite nanorod arrays on conductive glass as the photoanode. These devices improve the photocurrent of the hematite-based photoanode for water splitting, owing to fewer surface traps and decreased electron recombination resulting from the one-dimensional structure. By employing a molecular ruthenium co-catalyst, which contains a strong 2,6-pyridine-dicarboxylic acid anchoring group at the hematite photoanode, the photocurrent of the PEC cell is enhanced with high stability for over 10 000 s in a 1 m KOH solution. This approach can pave a route for combining one-dimensional nanomaterials and molecular catalysts to split water with high efficiency and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Fan
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fusheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Quentin Daniel
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hong Chen
- Berzelii Center EXAELENT on Porous Materials and, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Gabrielsson
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Junliang Sun
- Berzelii Center EXAELENT on Porous Materials and, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Licheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden.
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), 116024, Dalian, China.
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66
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Louis ME, Fenton TG, Rondeau J, Jin T, Li G. Solar CO2Reduction Using Surface-Immobilized Molecular Catalysts. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2015.1088008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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67
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Reengineering cyt b562 for hydrogen production: A facile route to artificial hydrogenases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1857:598-603. [PMID: 26375327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bioinspired, protein-based molecular catalysts utilizing base metals at the active are emerging as a promising avenue to sustainable hydrogen production. The protein matrix modulates the intrinsic reactivity of organometallic active sites by tuning second-sphere and long-range interactions. Here, we show that swapping Co-Protoporphyrin IX for Fe-Protoporphyrin IX in cytochrome b562 results in an efficient catalyst for photoinduced proton reduction to molecular hydrogen. Further, the activity of wild type Co-cyt b562 can be modulated by a factor of 2.5 by exchanging the coordinating methionine with alanine or aspartic acid. The observed turnover numbers (TON) range between 125 and 305, and correlate well with the redox potential of the Co-cyt b562 mutants. The photosensitized system catalyzes proton reduction with high efficiency even under an aerobic atmosphere, implicating its use for biotechnological applications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Biodesign for Bioenergetics--the design and engineering of electronic transfer cofactors, proteins and protein networks, edited by Ronald L. Koder and J.L. Ross Anderson.
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68
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Chen Y, Chen H, Tian H. Immobilization of a cobalt catalyst on fullerene in molecular devices for water reduction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11508-11. [PMID: 26095627 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03856a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A cobalt-based molecular catalyst was successfully grafted to a fullerene derivative via 'click' chemistry on an electrode for both electro-catalytic and light driven water reduction. Using an organic photovoltaic electrode immobilized with a cobalt catalyst as the photocathode, the photoelectrochemical cell displayed a stable photocurrent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University (UU), SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
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69
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Kwak J, Han SH, Moon HC, Kim JK, Pryamitsyn V, Ganesan V. Effect of the Degree of Hydrogen Bonding on Asymmetric Lamellar Microdomains in Binary Block Copolymer Blends. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jongheon Kwak
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Han
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Chul Moon
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Victor Pryamitsyn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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70
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Zhou X, Li F, Li X, Li H, Wang Y, Sun L. Photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds in a hybrid system composed of a molecular catalyst and visible light-absorbing semiconductor. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:475-9. [PMID: 25407102 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02945c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds proceeded efficiently in a hybrid system with ruthenium aqua complexes as catalysts, BiVO4 as a light absorber, [Co(NH3)5Cl](2+) as a sacrificial electron acceptor and water as an oxygen source. The photogenerated holes in the semiconductor are used to oxidize molecular catalysts into the high-valent Ru(IV)=O intermediates for 2e(-) oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian 116024, China.
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71
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Manbeck GF, Canterbury T, Zhou R, King S, Nam G, Brewer KJ. Electrocatalytic H2 Evolution by Supramolecular RuII–RhIII–RuII Complexes: Importance of Ligands as Electron Reservoirs and Speciation upon Reduction. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:8148-57. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald F. Manbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Theodore Canterbury
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Rongwei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Skye King
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Geewoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Karen J. Brewer
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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72
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Cedeno D, Krawicz A, Moore GF. Hybrid photocathodes for solar fuel production: coupling molecular fuel-production catalysts with solid-state light harvesting and conversion technologies. Interface Focus 2015; 5:20140085. [PMID: 26052422 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2014.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis is described as the great scientific and moral challenge of our time. We imagine a future where a significant portion of our energy is supplied by such technologies. However, many scientific, engineering and policy challenges must be addressed for this realization. Scientific challenges include the development of effective strategies to couple light absorption, electron transfer and catalysis for efficient conversion of light energy to chemical energy as well as the construction and study of structurally diverse assemblies to carry out these processes. In this article, we review recent efforts from our own research to develop a modular approach to interfacing molecular fuel-production catalysts to visible-light-absorbing semiconductors and discuss the role of the interfacing material as a protection layer for the catalysts as well as the underpinning semiconductor. In concluding, we briefly discuss the potential benefits of a globally coordinated project on artificial photosynthesis that interfaces teams of scientists, engineers and policymakers. Further, we offer cautions that such a large interconnected organization should consider. This article is inspired by, and draws largely from, an invited presentation given by the corresponding author at the Royal Society at Chicheley Hall, home of the Kavli Royal Society International Centre, Buckinghamshire on the themed meeting topic: 'Do we need a global project on artificial photosynthesis?'
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cedeno
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA 94720 , USA ; Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA 94720 , USA ; PTRL West-Evans Analytical Group , 625-B Alfred Nobel Drive, Hercules, CA 94547 , USA
| | - Alexandra Krawicz
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA 94720 , USA ; Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA 94720 , USA
| | - Gary F Moore
- Physical Biosciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA 94720 , USA ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Arizona State University , Tempe, AZ 85287-1604 , USA
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73
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Reynal A, Willkomm J, Muresan NM, Lakadamyali F, Planells M, Reisner E, Durrant JR. Distance dependent charge separation and recombination in semiconductor/molecular catalyst systems for water splitting. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:12768-71. [PMID: 25207748 PMCID: PMC4183993 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05143b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photoinduced reduction of three Co electrocatalysts immobilised on TiO2 is 10(4) times faster than the reverse charge recombination. Both processes show an exponential dependence on the distance between the semiconductor and the catalytic core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Reynal
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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74
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Reynal A, Pastor E, Gross MA, Selim S, Reisner E, Durrant JR. Unravelling the pH-dependence of a molecular photocatalytic system for hydrogen production. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4855-4859. [PMID: 28717491 PMCID: PMC5502398 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01349f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The electron-donating ability of the sacrificial agent and the protonation of the catalyst determine the optimum pH for hydrogen production.
Photocatalytic systems for the reduction of aqueous protons are strongly pH-dependent, but the origin of this dependency is still not fully understood. We have studied the effect of different degrees of acidity on the electron transfer dynamics and catalysis taking place in a homogeneous photocatalytic system composed of a phosphonated ruthenium tris(bipyridine) dye (RuP) and a nickel bis(diphosphine) electrocatalyst (NiP) in an aqueous ascorbic acid solution. Our approach is based on transient absorption spectroscopy studies of the efficiency of photo-reduction of RuP and NiP correlated with pH-dependent photocatalytic H2 production and the degree of catalyst protonation. The influence of these factors results in an observed optimum photoactivity at pH 4.5 for the RuP–NiP system. The electron transfer from photo-reduced RuP to NiP is efficient and independent of the pH value of the medium. At pH <4.5, the efficiency of the system is limited by the yield of RuP photo-reduction by the sacrificial electron donor, ascorbic acid. At pH >4.5, the efficiency of the system is limited by the poor protonation of NiP, which inhibits its ability to reduce protons to hydrogen. We have therefore developed a rational strategy utilising transient absorption spectroscopy combined with bulk pH titration, electrocatalytic and photocatalytic experiments to disentangle the complex pH-dependent activity of the homogenous RuP–NiP photocatalytic system, which can be widely applied to other photocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Reynal
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Exhibition Road , London SW7 2AZ , UK . .,School of Chemistry , Newcastle University , Newcastle Upon Tyne , NE1 7RU , UK .
| | - Ernest Pastor
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Exhibition Road , London SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Manuela A Gross
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK .
| | - Shababa Selim
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Exhibition Road , London SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK .
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , Exhibition Road , London SW7 2AZ , UK .
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75
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Fan S, AlOtaibi B, Woo SY, Wang Y, Botton GA, Mi Z. High efficiency solar-to-hydrogen conversion on a monolithically integrated InGaN/GaN/Si adaptive tunnel junction photocathode. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:2721-2726. [PMID: 25811636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
H2 generation under sunlight offers great potential for a sustainable fuel production system. To achieve high efficiency solar-to-hydrogen conversion, multijunction photoelectrodes have been commonly employed to absorb a large portion of the solar spectrum and to provide energetic charge carriers for water splitting. However, the design and performance of such tandem devices has been fundamentally limited by the current matching between various absorbing layers. Here, by exploiting the lateral carrier extraction scheme of one-dimensional nanowire structures, we have demonstrated that a dual absorber photocathode, consisting of p-InGaN/tunnel junction/n-GaN nanowire arrays and a Si solar cell wafer, can operate efficiently without the strict current matching requirement. The monolithically integrated photocathode exhibits an applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of 8.7% at a potential of 0.33 V versus normal hydrogen electrode and nearly unity Faradaic efficiency for H2 generation. Such an adaptive multijunction architecture can surpass the design and performance restrictions of conventional tandem photoelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhao Fan
- †Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Bandar AlOtaibi
- †Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Steffi Y Woo
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontairo L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Yongjie Wang
- †Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Gianluigi A Botton
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontairo L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Zetian Mi
- †Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
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76
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Ruberu TPA, Dong Y, Das A, Eisenberg R. Photoelectrochemical Generation of Hydrogen from Water Using a CdSe Quantum Dot-Sensitized Photocathode. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/cs5021035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Purnima A. Ruberu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Yuming Dong
- School
of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Amit Das
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Richard Eisenberg
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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77
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Willkomm J, Muresan NM, Reisner E. Enhancing H 2 evolution performance of an immobilised cobalt catalyst by rational ligand design. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2727-2736. [PMID: 29142677 PMCID: PMC5654411 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03946g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalyst [CoIIIBr((DO)(DOH)(4-BnPO3H2)(2-CH2py)pn)]Br, CoP3 , has been synthesised to improve the stability and activity of cobalt catalysts immobilised on metal oxide surfaces. The CoP3 catalyst contains an equatorial diimine-dioxime ligand, (DOH)2pn = N2,N2'-propanediyl-bis(2,3-butanedione-2-imine-3-oxime), with a benzylphosphonic acid (4-BnPO3H2) group and a methylpyridine (2-CH2py) ligand covalently linked to the bridgehead of the pseudo-macrocyclic diimine-dioxime ligand. The phosphonic acid functionality provides a robust anchoring group for immobilisation on metal oxides, whereas the pyridine is coordinated to the Co ion to enhance the catalytic activity of the catalyst. Electrochemical investigations in solution confirm that CoP3 shows electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of aqueous protons between pH 3 and 7. The metal oxide anchor provides the catalyst with a high affinity for mesostructured Sn-doped In2O3 electrodes (mesoITO; loading of approximately 22 nmol cm-2) and the electrostability of the attached CoP3 was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry. Finally, immobilisation of the catalyst on ruthenium-dye sensitised TiO2 nanoparticles in aqueous solutions in the presence of a hole scavenger establishes the activity of the catalyst in this photocatalytic scheme. The advantages of the elaborate catalyst design in CoP3 in terms of stability and catalytic activity are shown by direct comparison with previously reported phosphonated Co catalysts. We therefore demonstrate that rational ligand design is a viable route for improving the performance of immobilised molecular catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Willkomm
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK . ; http://www-reisner.ch.cam.ac.uk/
| | - Nicoleta M Muresan
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK . ; http://www-reisner.ch.cam.ac.uk/
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK . ; http://www-reisner.ch.cam.ac.uk/
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78
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Zhang P, Gao L, Song X, Sun J. Micro- and nanostructures of photoelectrodes for solar-driven water splitting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:562-8. [PMID: 25207919 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201402477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis of clean fuels has aroused great interest to meet the great demand for clean and renewable energy. Great advances have recently been made in various photoelectrodes with their efficiencies and stabilities significantly improved by the design and implementation of novel structures, which are determinative for the optical absorption, charge-transport path, surface area, and electronic conductivity. This Research News article discusses perspectives of the synthetic methods and micro- and nanostructures (planar structures, 1D structures, and mesoporous structures) of photoelectrodes, and their relationships with the photo-electrochemical performance. Structural features, such as particle size, crystallinity, morphology, and film thickness, as well as the trade-offs among them are also evaluated and discussed for each category of structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
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79
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Seo J, Pekarek RT, Rose MJ. Photoelectrochemical operation of a surface-bound, nickel-phosphine H2 evolution catalyst on p-Si(111): a molecular semiconductor|catalyst construct. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:13264-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02802g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A molecular DuBois-type H2 catalyst (Ni–PNP) has been covalently attached to a p-Si(111) photocathode as a molecular semiconductor|catalyst construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyeok Seo
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Ryan T. Pekarek
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Michael J. Rose
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
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80
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Wang L, Fan K, Daniel Q, Duan L, Li F, Philippe B, Rensmo H, Chen H, Sun J, Sun L. Electrochemical driven water oxidation by molecular catalysts in situ polymerized on the surface of graphite carbon electrode. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:7883-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00242g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A molecular water-oxidation catalyst polymerized on a graphite electrode has shown a high initial turnover frequency (TOF) of 10.47 s−1 at ∼700 mV overpotential, and a high turnover number (TON) of 31 600 in 1 h electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 10044 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Ke Fan
- Department of Chemistry
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 10044 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Quentin Daniel
- Department of Chemistry
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 10044 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Lele Duan
- Department of Chemistry
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 10044 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Fusheng Li
- Department of Chemistry
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 10044 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | | | - Håkan Rensmo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Uppsala University
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Hong Chen
- Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials and Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Stockholm University
- 106 91 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Junliang Sun
- Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials and Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Stockholm University
- 106 91 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Licheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 10044 Stockholm
- Sweden
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
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81
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Rioual S, Lescop B, Quentel F, Gloaguen F. A molecular material based on electropolymerized cobalt macrocycles for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:13374-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01210d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electropolymerization of CoTAA gives an electrocatalytic material for the H2 evolution reaction in acidic aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benoit Lescop
- LMB EA 4522
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale
- Brest
- France
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82
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Williams OM, Cowley AH, Rose MJ. Structural and electronic characterization of multi-electron reduced naphthalene (BIAN) cobaloximes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:13017-29. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00924c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis, spectroscopy and DFT studies on cobian-oximes provide insight to multi-electron processes in electrocatalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen M. Williams
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Alan H. Cowley
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Michael J. Rose
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
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83
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Na Y, Hu B, Yang QL, Liu J, Zhou L, Fan RQ, Yang YL. CdS quantum dot sensitized p-type NiO as photocathode with integrated cobaloxime in photoelectrochemical cell for water splitting. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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84
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Clough AJ, Yoo JW, Mecklenburg MH, Marinescu SC. Two-Dimensional Metal–Organic Surfaces for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution from Water. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 137:118-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5116937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Clough
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Center for Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Joseph W. Yoo
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Center for Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | | | - Smaranda C. Marinescu
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Center for Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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85
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Cedeno D, Krawicz A, Doak P, Yu M, Neaton JB, Moore GF. Using Molecular Design to Control the Performance of Hydrogen-Producing Polymer-Brush-Modified Photocathodes. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3222-3226. [PMID: 26276336 DOI: 10.1021/jz5016394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Attachment of difluoroborylcobaloxime catalysts to a polymer-brush-modified GaP semiconductor allows improved hydrogen production levels and photoelectrochemical performance under aqueous acidic conditions (pH = 4.5) as compared to the performance of electrodes without catalyst treatment. The catalytic assembly used in this work incorporates a boron difluoride (BF2) capping group on the glyoximate ligand of the catalyst, a synthetic modification previously used to enhance the stability of nonsurface-attached complexes toward acid hydrolysis and to shift the cobalt reduction potentials of the complex to less negative, and thus technologically more relevant, values. The pH-dependent photoresponses of the cobaloxime- and difluoroborylcobaloxime- modified semiconductors are shown to be consistent with those from analogous studies using non-surface-attached cobaloxime catalysts as well as catalysts supported on conductive electrodes. Thus, this work illustrates the potential to control and optimize the properties of visible-light-absorbing semiconductors using polymeric overcoating techniques coupled with the principles of synthetic molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey B Neaton
- □Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gary F Moore
- ∇Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
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86
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Pookpanratana S, Savchenko I, Natoli SN, Cummings SP, Richter LJ, Robertson JWF, Richter CA, Ren T, Hacker CA. Attachment of a diruthenium compound to Au and SiO2/Si surfaces by "click" chemistry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:10280-10289. [PMID: 25110126 DOI: 10.1021/la501670c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of electrodes with functionalized properties is of interest in many electronic applications with the surface impacting the electrical and electronic properties of devices. We report the formation of molecular monolayers containing a redox-active diruthenium(II,III) compound to gold and silicon surfaces via "click" chemistry. The use of Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition enables modular design of molecular surfaces and interfaces and allows for a variety of substrates to be functionalized. Attachment of the diruthenium compound is monitored by using infrared and photoelectron spectroscopies. The highest occupied molecular (or system) orbital of the "clicked-on" diruthenium is clearly seen in the photoemission measurements and is mainly attributed to the presence of the Ru atoms. The "click" attachment is robust and provides a route to investigate the evolution of the electronic structure and properties of novel molecules attached to a variety of electrodes. The ability to attach this redox-active Ru molecule onto SiO2 and Au surfaces is important for the development of functional molecular devices such as charge-based memory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujitra Pookpanratana
- Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division and ‡Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-1070, United States
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87
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Lattimer JRC, Blakemore JD, Sattler W, Gul S, Chatterjee R, Yachandra VK, Yano J, Brunschwig BS, Lewis NS, Gray HB. Assembly, characterization, and electrochemical properties of immobilized metal bipyridyl complexes on silicon(111) surfaces. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:15004-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01149j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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88
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Kal S, Filatov AS, Dinolfo PH. Electrocatalytic Proton Reduction by a Dicobalt Tetrakis-Schiff Base Macrocycle in Nonaqueous Electrolyte. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:7137-45. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500121f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Kal
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Alexander S. Filatov
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Peter H. Dinolfo
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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89
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Yang C, Tran PD, Boix PP, Bassi PS, Yantara N, Wong LH, Barber J. Engineering a Cu2O/NiO/Cu2MoS4 hybrid photocathode for H2 generation in water. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:6506-6510. [PMID: 24838221 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00386a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a scalable process for fabricating a multiple-layer hybrid photocathode, namely Cu2O/NiO/Cu2MoS4, for H2 generation in water. In pH 5 solution and under 1 sun illumination, the photocathode showed interesting photocatalytic properties. The onset photocurrent was recorded at +0.45 V vs. RHE, while at 0 V vs. RHE, a photocurrent density of 1.25 mA cm(-2) was obtained. It was found that the NiO interlayer enhances charge transfer from the Cu2O light harvester to the Cu2MoS4 hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalyst which in turn accelerates charge transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface, and therefore improves the photocatalytic properties of the Cu2O photocathode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Solar Fuel Laboratory, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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90
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Huang D, Lu J, Li S, Luo Y, Zhao C, Hu B, Wang M, Shen Y. Fabrication of cobalt porphyrin. Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide hybrid films for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution in aqueous solution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:6990-6998. [PMID: 24856539 DOI: 10.1021/la501052m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Here we report on an experimental study of an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) based on cobalt porphyrin and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) functional multilayer films, which are prepared by the alternating layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of negatively charged graphene oxide (GO) and positively charged [tetrakis (N-methylpyridyl) porphyrinato] cobalt (CoTMPyP) in combination with an electrochemical reduction procedure. The resulting [ERGO@CoTMPyP]n multilayer films display relatively high electrocatalytic activity and superior stability toward HER in alkaline media. Electrochemical studies indicate that CoTMPyP in the multilayer films is the active catalyst for the reduction of protons to dihydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekang Huang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology , Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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91
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Das AK, Engelhard MH, Bullock RM, Roberts JAS. A hydrogen-evolving Ni(P2N2)2 electrocatalyst covalently attached to a glassy carbon electrode: preparation, characterization, and catalysis. comparisons with the homogeneous analogue. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:6875-85. [PMID: 24971843 DOI: 10.1021/ic500701a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A hydrogen-evolving homogeneous Ni(P2N2)2 electrocatalyst with peripheral ester groups has been covalently attached to a 1,2,3-triazolyllithium-terminated planar glassy carbon electrode surface. Coupling proceeds with both the Ni(0) and the Ni(II) complexes. X-ray photoemission spectra show excellent agreement between the Ni(0) coupling product and its parent complex, and voltammetry of the surface-confined system shows that a single species predominates with a surface density of 1.3 × 10(-10) mol cm(-2), approaching the value estimated for a densely packed monolayer. With the Ni(II) system, both photoemission and voltammetric data show speciation to unidentified products on coupling, and the surface density is 6.7 × 10(-11) mol cm(-2). The surface-confined Ni(0) complex is an electroctalyst for hydrogen evolution, showing the onset of catalytic current at the same potential as the soluble parent complex. Decomposition of the surface-confined species is observed in acidic acetonitrile. This is interpreted to reflect the lability of the Ni(II)-phosphine interaction and the basicity of the free phosphine and bears on concurrent efforts to implement surface-confined Ni(P2N2)2 complexes in electrochemical or photoelectrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu K Das
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Physical Sciences Division, K2-57, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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92
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Peczonczyk SL, Brown ES, Maldonado S. Secondary functionalization of allyl-terminated GaP(111)A surfaces via heck cross-coupling metathesis, hydrosilylation, and electrophilic addition of bromine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:156-164. [PMID: 24313848 DOI: 10.1021/la403558k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of single crystalline gallium phosphide (GaP) (111)A surfaces with allyl groups has been performed using a sequential chlorine-activation/Grignard reaction process. Increased hydrophobicity following reaction of a GaP(111)A surface with C3H5MgCl was observed through water contact angle measurements. Infrared spectra of GaP(111)A samples after reaction with C3H5MgCl showed the asymmetric C═C and C═C-H modes diagnostic of surface-attached allyl groups. The stability of allyl-terminated GaP(111)A surfaces under ambient and aqueous conditions was investigated. XP spectra of allyl-terminated GaP(111)A highlighted a significant resistance against interfacial oxidation both in air and in water relative to the native interface. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated a change in the flat-band potential of allyl-terminated GaP(111)A electrodes immersed in water relative to native GaP(111)A surfaces. Further, the flat-band potentials for allyl-terminated electrodes were insensitive to changes in solution pH. The utility of surface-bound allyl groups for covalent secondary functionalization of GaP(111)A interfaces was assessed through three separate reactions: Heck cross-coupling metathesis, hydrosilylation, and electrophilic addition of bromine reactions. Addition of aryl groups across the olefins on allyl-terminated GaP(111)A via Heck cross coupling was performed and confirmed through high-resolution F 1s and C 1s XP spectra and IR spectra. Control experiments with GaP(111)A surfaces functionalized with short alkanes indicated no evidence for metathesis. Hydrosilylation reactions were separately performed. Si 2s XP spectra, in conjunction with infrared spectra, similarly showed secondary evidence of surface functionalization for allyl-terminated GaP(111)A but not for CH3-terminated GaP(111)A surfaces. Similar analyses showed electrophilic addition of Br2 across the terminal olefin on an allyl-terminated GaP(111)A surface after exposure to dilute Br2 solutions in CH2Cl2. The work presented herein establishes a set of secondary reaction strategies utilizing allyl-terminated surfaces to modify chemically protected GaP surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina L Peczonczyk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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93
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Gross M, Reynal A, Durrant JR, Reisner E. Versatile photocatalytic systems for H2 generation in water based on an efficient DuBois-type nickel catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:356-66. [PMID: 24320740 PMCID: PMC3901378 DOI: 10.1021/ja410592d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The generation of renewable H2 through an efficient photochemical route requires photoinduced electron transfer (ET) from a light harvester to an efficient electrocatalyst in water. Here, we report on a molecular H2 evolution catalyst (NiP) with a DuBois-type [Ni(P2(R')N2(R"))2](2+) core (P2(R')N2(R") = bis(1,5-R'-diphospha-3,7-R"-diazacyclooctane), which contains an outer coordination sphere with phosphonic acid groups. The latter functionality allows for good solubility in water and immobilization on metal oxide semiconductors. Electrochemical studies confirm that NiP is a highly active electrocatalyst in aqueous electrolyte solution (overpotential of approximately 200 mV at pH 4.5 with a Faradaic yield of 85 ± 4%). Photocatalytic experiments and investigations on the ET kinetics were carried out in combination with a phosphonated Ru(II) tris(bipyridine) dye (RuP) in homogeneous and heterogeneous environments. Time-resolved luminescence and transient absorption spectroscopy studies confirmed that directed ET from RuP to NiP occurs efficiently in all systems on the nano- to microsecond time scale, through three distinct routes: reductive quenching of RuP in solution or on the surface of ZrO2 ("on particle" system) or oxidative quenching of RuP when the compounds were immobilized on TiO2 ("through particle" system). Our studies show that NiP can be used in a purely aqueous solution and on a semiconductor surface with a high degree of versatility. A high TOF of 460 ± 60 h(-1) with a TON of 723 ± 171 for photocatalytic H2 generation with a molecular Ni catalyst in water and a photon-to-H2 quantum yield of approximately 10% were achieved for the homogeneous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela
A. Gross
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable
SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Anna Reynal
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College
London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - James R. Durrant
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College
London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable
SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
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94
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Krawicz A, Cedeno D, Moore GF. Energetics and efficiency analysis of a cobaloxime-modified semiconductor under simulated air mass 1.5 illumination. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:15818-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00495g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An energetics and efficiency analysis of a gallium phosphide semiconductor functionalized with molecular hydrogen production catalysts yields insights into the design of improved photocathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Krawicz
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
| | - Diana Cedeno
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
| | - Gary F. Moore
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
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95
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Pramanik S, Roy S, Ghorui T, Ganguly S, Pramanik K. Molecular and electronic structure of nonradical homoleptic pyridyl-azo-oxime complexes of cobalt(iii) and the azo-oxime anion radical congener: an experimental and theoretical investigation. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:5317-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53460j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and optoelectronic study of Co(iii)–pyridyl-azo-oxime complexes and isolation of Co(iii)-bound azo-oxime anion radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvam Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry Section
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata – 700032, India
| | - Sima Roy
- Department of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry Section
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata – 700032, India
| | - Tapas Ghorui
- Department of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry Section
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata – 700032, India
| | - Sanjib Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry
- St. Xavier's College
- Kolkata – 700016, India
| | - Kausikisankar Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry Section
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata – 700032, India
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96
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McKone JR, Marinescu SC, Brunschwig BS, Winkler JR, Gray HB. Earth-abundant hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51711j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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97
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Blakemore JD, Gupta A, Warren JJ, Brunschwig BS, Gray HB. Noncovalent Immobilization of Electrocatalysts on Carbon Electrodes for Fuel Production. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:18288-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4099609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Blakemore
- Beckman Institute, and Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Mail Code 139-74, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ayush Gupta
- Beckman Institute, and Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Mail Code 139-74, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jeffrey J. Warren
- Beckman Institute, and Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Mail Code 139-74, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Bruce S. Brunschwig
- Beckman Institute, and Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Mail Code 139-74, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Harry B. Gray
- Beckman Institute, and Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Mail Code 139-74, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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