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Venkataraman S, Tan JPK, Chong ST, Chu CYH, Wilianto EA, Cheng CX, Yang YY. Identification of Structural Attributes Contributing to the Potency and Selectivity of Antimicrobial Polyionenes: Amides Are Better Than Esters. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2737-2742. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shrinivas Venkataraman
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Jeremy P. K. Tan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Shu Ting Chong
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Cassandra Y. H. Chu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Eunice A. Wilianto
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Colin Xinru Cheng
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
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Wang L, Chen J, Zeng X, Cheung PPH, Zheng X, Xie L, Shi X, Ren L, Huang X, Wang Y. Mechanistic Insights and Rational Design of a Versatile Surface with Cells/Bacteria Recognition Capability via Orientated Fusion Peptides. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801827. [PMID: 31065519 PMCID: PMC6498104 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hospital-acquired infection causes many deaths worldwide and calls for the urgent need for antibacterial biomaterials used in clinic that can selectively kill harmful bacteria. The present study rationally designs fusion peptides capable of undergoing 2D self-assembly on the poly(methyl methacrylate) surface to form a smart surface, which can maintain a desirable orientation via electrostatic interactions. The in vitro assay shows that the smart surface can recognize bacteria to exert antibacterial activity and is nontoxic toward mouse bone mesenchymal stem cells. Excitingly, the smart surface can distinguish different bacterial strains. This selective feature, from being broad-spectrum to being highly selective against S. aureus, can be altered by varying the number of amino acids in the recognition sequences. By all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, it is also found that the recognition sequence in the peptide is critical for the selectivity toward specific bacterial strains, in which a less accessible surface area for the bacteria in the antimicrobial peptide sequence is responsible for such selectivity. Finally, the smart surface can inhibit S. aureus infection in vivo with much more rapid tissue-healing compared to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Junjian Chen
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Xiangze Zeng
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Peter Pak-Hang Cheung
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Liangxu Xie
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Xuetao Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Li Ren
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Xuhui Huang
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Yingjun Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
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González-Henríquez CM, Sarabia-Vallejos MA, Rodríguez Hernandez J. Antimicrobial Polymers for Additive Manufacturing. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1210. [PMID: 30857355 PMCID: PMC6429148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies can be widely used for producing detailed geometries based on individual and particular demands. Some applications are related to the production of personalized devices, implants (orthopedic and dental), drug dosage forms (antibacterial, immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, etc.), or 3D implants that contain active pharmaceutical treatments, which favor cellular proliferation and tissue regeneration. This review is focused on the generation of 3D printed polymer-based objects that present antibacterial properties. Two main different alternatives of obtaining these 3D printed objects are fully described, which employ different polymer sources. The first one uses natural polymers that, in some cases, already exhibit intrinsic antibacterial capacities. The second alternative involves the use of synthetic polymers, and thus takes advantage of polymers with antimicrobial functional groups, as well as alternative strategies based on the modification of the surface of polymers or the elaboration of composite materials through adding certain antibacterial agents or incorporating different drugs into the polymeric matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Mabel González-Henríquez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Las Palmeras 3360, Santiago 7800003, Chile.
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, Santiago 8940577, Chile.
| | - Mauricio A Sarabia-Vallejos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Estructural y Geotecnia, Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
- Instituto de Ingeniería Biológica y Médica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Juan Rodríguez Hernandez
- Polymer Functionalization Group, Departamento de Química Macromolecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Xu Y, Zhang K, Reghu S, Lin Y, Chan-Park MB, Liu XW. Synthesis of Antibacterial Glycosylated Polycaprolactones Bearing Imidazoliums with Reduced Hemolytic Activity. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:949-958. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kaixi Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sheethal Reghu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yichao Lin
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mary B. Chan-Park
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Republic of Singapore
- Centre for Antimicrobial
Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Republic of Singapore
- Centre for Antimicrobial
Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Republic of Singapore
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Venkataraman S, Lee ALZ, Tan JPK, Ng YC, Lin ALY, Yong JYK, Yi G, Zhang Y, Lim IJ, Phan TT, Yang YY. Functional cationic derivatives of starch as antimicrobial agents. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00740c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial polymers with a broad spectrum of action and high selectivity towards pathogens (versus mammalian cells) provide the opportunity to combat infections with only a limited chance of resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashlynn L. Z. Lee
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
- Singapore
| | - Jeremy P. K. Tan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
- Singapore
| | - Yi Chien Ng
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
- Singapore
| | - Amelia Lee Yi Lin
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
- Singapore
| | - Jaron Y. K. Yong
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
- Singapore
| | - Guangshun Yi
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
- Singapore
| | - Yugen Zhang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
- Singapore
| | - Ivor J. Lim
- Department of Surgery
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 119228
- Singapore
| | - Thang T. Phan
- Department of Surgery
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 119228
- Singapore
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- Singapore 138669
- Singapore
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56
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Tong W, Xiong Y, Duan S, Ding X, Xu FJ. Phthalocyanine functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) nano-assemblies for photodynamic inactivation of bacteria. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:1905-1918. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01483c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled PGED-Pc nanoparticles are able to inactivate bacteria via the generation of reactive oxygen species in aqueous solution, while a facile immobilization strategy sheds light on the engineering of self-sterilizing surfaces to combat bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
- Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology)
| | - Yanhua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
- Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology)
| | - Shun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
- Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology)
| | - Xiaokang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
- Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology)
| | - Fu-Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
- Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology)
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Wu Y, Zhang D, Ma P, Zhou R, Hua L, Liu R. Lithium hexamethyldisilazide initiated superfast ring opening polymerization of alpha-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5297. [PMID: 30546065 PMCID: PMC6294000 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypeptides have broad applications and can be prepared via ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs). Conventional initiators, such as primary amines, give slow NCA polymerization, which requires multiple days to reach completion and can result in substantial side reactions, especially for very reactive NCAs. Moreover, current NCA polymerizations are very sensitive to moisture and must typically be conducted in a glove box. Here we show that lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS) initiates an extremely rapid NCA polymerization process that is completed within minutes or hours and can be conducted in an open vessel. Polypeptides with variable chain length (DP = 20–1294) and narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn = 1.08–1.28) were readily prepared with this approach. Mechanistic studies support an anionic ring opening polymerization mechanism. This living NCA polymerization method allowed rapid synthesis of polypeptide libraries for high-throughput functional screening. Ring-opening polymerizations of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides to form polypeptides are usually sensitive to moisture, slow and can undergo side reactions. Here the authors use lithium hexamethyldisilazide to initiate α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride polymerizations that is very fast and can be conducted in an open vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Hua
- Research Center of Analysis and Test, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.
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58
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Gide M, Nimmagadda A, Su M, Wang M, Teng P, Li C, Gao R, Xu H, Li Q, Cai J. Nano-Sized Lipidated Dendrimers as Potent and Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Agents. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800622. [PMID: 30408252 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in the development of antimicrobial polymers including dendrimers due to the ease of synthesis and low manufacturing cost compared to host defense peptides (HDPs). Herein, a new class of nanomaterials-lipidated amphiphilic dendrimers-is presented that mimic the antibacterial mechanism of HDPs by compromising bacterial cell membranes. Unlike conventional dendrimers that are prepared generation by generation symmetrically with molecular weight distribution, these lipidated dendrimers are prepared on the solid phase with a hanging lipid tail and precisely controlled structure. It is shown through rational design that these lipidated dendrimers display potent and selective antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains. In addition to antibacterial activity against planktonic bacteria, these dendrimers are also shown to inhibit bacterial biofilms effectively. This class of dendrimers as a new class of biomaterials may lead to a useful generation of antibiotic agents with practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mussie Gide
- M. Gide, Dr. A. Nimmagadda, M. Su, M. Wang, Dr. P. Teng, C. Li, R. Gao, Dr. J. Cai, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Alekhya Nimmagadda
- M. Gide, Dr. A. Nimmagadda, M. Su, M. Wang, Dr. P. Teng, C. Li, R. Gao, Dr. J. Cai, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Ma Su
- M. Gide, Dr. A. Nimmagadda, M. Su, M. Wang, Dr. P. Teng, C. Li, R. Gao, Dr. J. Cai, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Minghui Wang
- M. Gide, Dr. A. Nimmagadda, M. Su, M. Wang, Dr. P. Teng, C. Li, R. Gao, Dr. J. Cai, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Peng Teng
- M. Gide, Dr. A. Nimmagadda, M. Su, M. Wang, Dr. P. Teng, C. Li, R. Gao, Dr. J. Cai, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Chunpu Li
- M. Gide, Dr. A. Nimmagadda, M. Su, M. Wang, Dr. P. Teng, C. Li, R. Gao, Dr. J. Cai, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Ruixuan Gao
- M. Gide, Dr. A. Nimmagadda, M. Su, M. Wang, Dr. P. Teng, C. Li, R. Gao, Dr. J. Cai, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Hai Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- M. Gide, Dr. A. Nimmagadda, M. Su, M. Wang, Dr. P. Teng, C. Li, R. Gao, Dr. J. Cai, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
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Shen W, He P, Xiao C, Chen X. From Antimicrobial Peptides to Antimicrobial Poly(α-amino acid)s. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800354. [PMID: 29923332 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Conventional small-molecule antibiotics are facing a significant challenge of the rapidly developed drug resistance of pathogens. In contrast, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), an important component for innate host defenses, are now under intensive investigation as a promising antimicrobial agent for combating drug resistant pathogens. Most AMPs can effectively kill a broad spectrum of pathogens via physical disruption of microbial cellular membranes, which is identified to be difficult to develop resistance. However, the clinical applications of AMPs are still greatly limited by several inherent impediments, such as high cost of production, potential hemolysis or toxicity, and liability to proteinase degradation. Recently, cationic poly(α-amino acid)s with structures mimicking the AMPs are found to have excellent antimicrobial activity. These polymers, termed "antimicrobial poly(α-amino acid)s (APAAs)," have some advantages over AMPs, such as easy production and modification, prolonged antimicrobial activity, low cytotoxicity, and enhanced stability to protease degradation. Here, a brief introduction of mechanisms and affecting factors of microbial killing by AMPs is first presented, followed by a systematic illustration of recent advances in design and preparation of biomimetic APAAs and a perspective in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Pan He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Changchun University of Science and Technology; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
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Lou W, Venkataraman S, Zhong G, Ding B, Tan JP, Xu L, Fan W, Yang YY. Antimicrobial polymers as therapeutics for treatment of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae lung infection. Acta Biomater 2018; 78:78-88. [PMID: 30031912 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is one of the most common pathogens in hospital-acquired infections. It is often resistant to multiple antibiotics (including carbapenems), and can cause severe pneumonia. In search of effective antimicrobials, we recently developed polyionenes that were demonstrated to be potent against a broad-spectrum of microbes in vitro. In this study, polyionenes containing rigid amide bonds were synthesized to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae lung infection. The polyionene exhibited broad-spectrum activity against clinically-isolated MDR bacteria with low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). It also demonstrated stronger antimicrobial activity against 20 clinical strains of K. pneumoniae and more rapid killing kinetics than imipenem and other commonly used antibiotics. Multiple treatments with imipenem and gentamycin led to drug resistance in K. pneumoniae, while repeated use of the polymer did not cause resistance development due to its membrane-disruption antimicrobial mechanism. Additionally, the polymer showed potent anti-biofilm activity. In a MDR K. pneumoniae lung infection mouse model, the polymer demonstrated lower effective dose than imipenem with negligible systemic toxicity. The polymer treatment significantly alleviated lung injury, markedly reduced K. pneumoniae counts in the blood and major organs, and decreased mortality. Given its potent in vivo antimicrobial activity, negligible toxicity and ability of mitigating resistance development, the polyionene may be used to treat MDR K. pneumoniae lung infection. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is one of the most common pathogens in hospital-acquired infections, is often resistant to multiple antibiotics including carbapenems and can cause severe pneumonia. In this study, we report synthesis of antimicrobial polymers (polyionenes) and their use as antimicrobial agents for treatment of K. pneumoniae-caused pneumonia. The polymers have broad spectrum antibacterial activity against clinically isolated MDR bacteria, and eliminate MDR K. pneumoniae more effectively and rapidly than clinically used antibiotics. The polymer treatment also provides higher survival rate and faster bacterial removal from the major organs and the blood than the antibiotics. Repeated use of the polymer does not lead to resistance development. More importantly, at the therapeutic dose, the polymer treatment does not cause acute toxicity. Given its in vivo efficacy and negligible toxicity, the polymer is a promising candidate for the treatment of MDR K. pneumoniae-caused pneumonia.
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He H, Gao P, Qiao Z, Qu X, Liu C. [Study on antibacterial properties of titanium metallic surface due to synergistic action of micro/nano-structure and antimicrobial peptides]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2018; 32:1116-1122. [PMID: 30129339 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201805022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of micro/nano-structure and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) on antibacterial properties for titanium (Ti) metal surface. Methods Ti disks were treated via sandblasted large-grit acid-etched (SLA) and alkali-heat treatment (AHT) to build the micor/nano-structure, on which AMPs were spin-coated with a certain amount (10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 μg). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to observe the surface structure and characterize the surface elements (i.e. contents of C, N, O, and Ti). Ti disks loaded with AMPs of difference amounts were co-cultured with Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus) for 24 hours. After that, the formation and dimension of antibacterial circle were measured. Furthermore, the Ti disks treated with different approaches (untreated, SLA treatment, SLA+THA treatment, and loaded with 90 μg AMPs) were co-cultured with S. aureus and Escherichia coli ( E.coli) for 3 hours, bacterial adhesion on the disks were evaluated by using SEM. The antibacterial performances in solution were quantitatively evaluated by immersing the Ti disks in bacterial solutions and measuring the absorbance ( A) values. Results It was found that the nanoporous structure could be easily constructed by SLA+AHT approach. After spin-coating AMPs, the nanopores with the diameter less than 200 nm were almost covered. According to the element analysis, with the increase of AMPs, the C content gradually increased; the N content was not detected until AMPs amount reached 70 μg on the disks. The diameter of antibacterial circle clearly depended on the AMPs amount. The Ti disks loaded with 90 μg AMPs had significantly larger antibacterial circles than the other Ti disks ( P<0.05). Based on the SEM observation, the Ti disks loaded with 90 μg AMPs has the least bacterial attachment compared with the other Ti disks ( P<0.05). The A value of bacterial solution immersed with the Ti disks loaded with 90 μg AMPs was much lower than the other Ti disks ( P<0.05). Conclusion The approach of micro/nano-structure and AMPs can improve the antibacterial properties of Ti metal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan He
- Medical Biomaterials Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R.China;State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R.China
| | - Pengyang Gao
- Medical Biomaterials Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R.China
| | - Zhongqian Qiao
- Medical Biomaterials Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R.China
| | - Xue Qu
- Medical Biomaterials Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R.China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Medical Biomaterials Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R.China;State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237,
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Gorbunova M, Lemkina L, Borisova I. New guanidine-containing polyelectrolytes as advanced antibacterial materials. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Novel carbazole-triazole conjugates as DNA-targeting membrane active potentiators against clinical isolated fungi. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 155:579-589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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64
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Peptide-Like Nylon-3 Polymers with Activity against Phylogenetically Diverse, Intrinsically Drug-Resistant Pathogenic Fungi. mSphere 2018; 3:3/3/e00223-18. [PMID: 29794056 PMCID: PMC5967195 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00223-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dimensions of fungal diversity has major implications for the control of diseases in humans, plants, and animals and in the overall health of ecosystems on the planet. One ancient evolutionary strategy organisms use to manage interactions with microbes, including fungi, is to produce host defense peptides (HDPs). HDPs and their synthetic analogs have been subjects of interest as potential therapeutic agents. Due to increases in fungal disease worldwide, there is great interest in developing novel antifungal agents. Here we describe activity of polymeric HDP analogs against fungi from 18 pathogenic genera composed of 41 species and 72 isolates. The synthetic polymers are members of the nylon-3 family (poly-β-amino acid materials). Three different nylon-3 polymers show high efficacy against surprisingly diverse fungi. Across the phylogenetic spectrum (with the exception of Aspergillus species), yeasts, dermatophytes, dimorphic fungi, and molds were all sensitive to the effects of these polymers. Even fungi intrinsically resistant to current antifungal drugs, such as the causative agents of mucormycosis (Rhizopus spp.) and those with acquired resistance to azole drugs, showed nylon-3 polymer sensitivity. In addition, the emerging pathogens Pseudogymnoascus destructans (cause of white nose syndrome in bats) and Candida auris (cause of nosocomial infections of humans) were also sensitive. The three nylon-3 polymers exhibited relatively low toxicity toward mammalian cells. These findings raise the possibility that nylon-3 polymers could be useful against fungi for which there are only limited and/or no antifungal agents available at present.IMPORTANCE Fungi reside in all ecosystems on earth and impart both positive and negative effects on human, plant, and animal health. Fungal disease is on the rise worldwide, and there is a critical need for more effective and less toxic antifungal agents. Nylon-3 polymers are short, sequence random, poly-β-amino acid materials that can be designed to manifest antimicrobial properties. Here, we describe three nylon-3 polymers with potent activity against the most phylogenetically diverse set of fungi evaluated thus far in a single study. In contrast to traditional peptides, nylon-3 polymers are highly stable to proteolytic degradation and can be produced efficiently in large quantities at low cost. The ability to modify nylon-3 polymer composition easily creates an opportunity to tailor efficacy and toxicity, which makes these materials attractive as potential broad-spectrum antifungal therapeutics.
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Sun H, Hong Y, Xi Y, Zou Y, Gao J, Du J. Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Biomedical Applications of Antimicrobial Peptide-Polymer Conjugates. Biomacromolecules 2018. [PMID: 29539262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been attracting much attention due to their excellent antimicrobial efficiency and low rate in driving antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which has been increasing globally to alarming levels. Conjugation of AMPs into functional polymers not only preserves excellent antimicrobial activities but reduces the toxicity and offers more functionalities, which brings new insight toward developing multifunctional biomedical materials such as hydrogels, polymer vesicles, polymer micelles, and so forth. These nanomaterials have been exhibiting excellent antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria including multidrug-resistant (MDR) ones, high selectivity, and low cytotoxicity, suggesting promising potentials in wound dressing, implant coating, antibiofilm, tissue engineering, and so forth. This Perspective seeks to highlight the state-of-the-art strategy for the synthesis, self-assembly, and biomedical applications of AMP-polymer conjugates and explore the promising directions for future research ranging from synthetic strategies, multistage and stimuli-responsive antibacterial activities, antifungi applications, and potentials in elimination of inflammation during medical treatment. It also will provide perspectives on how to stem the remaining challenges and unresolved problems in combating bacteria, including MDR ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 4800 Caoan Road , Shanghai 201804 , China
| | - Yuanxiu Hong
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 4800 Caoan Road , Shanghai 201804 , China
| | - Yuejing Xi
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 4800 Caoan Road , Shanghai 201804 , China
| | - Yijie Zou
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 4800 Caoan Road , Shanghai 201804 , China
| | - Jingyi Gao
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 4800 Caoan Road , Shanghai 201804 , China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tongji University , 4800 Caoan Road , Shanghai 201804 , China.,Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200072 , China
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66
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Siriwardena TN, Stach M, He R, Gan BH, Javor S, Heitz M, Ma L, Cai X, Chen P, Wei D, Li H, Ma J, Köhler T, van Delden C, Darbre T, Reymond JL. Lipidated Peptide Dendrimers Killing Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 140:423-432. [PMID: 29206041 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
New antibiotics are urgently needed to address multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Herein we report that second-generation (G2) peptide dendrimers bearing a fatty acid chain at the dendrimer core efficiently kill Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, two of the most problematic MDR bacteria worldwide. Our most active dendrimer TNS18 is also active against Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Based on circular dichroism and molecular dynamics studies, we hypothesize that TNS18 adopts a hydrophobically collapsed conformation in water with the fatty acid chain backfolded onto the peptide dendrimer branches and that the dendrimer unfolds in contact with the membrane to expose its lipid chain and hydrophobic residues, thereby facilitating membrane disruption leading to rapid bacterial cell death. Dendrimer TNS18 shows promising in vivo activity against MDR clinical isolates of A. baumannii and Escherichia coli, suggesting that lipidated peptide dendrimers might become a new class of antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thissa N Siriwardena
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Stach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Runze He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Shanghai Space Peptides Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd , Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bee-Ha Gan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sacha Javor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Heitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lan Ma
- Shanghai Space Peptides Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd , Shanghai 201210, China.,College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine , Dingxi East Road 35, Chenguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China.,Lanzhou Ruibei Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd. , Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Xiangju Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine , Dingxi East Road 35, Chenguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region , PLA, 333 South Binhe Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, China
| | - Dengwen Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region , PLA, 333 South Binhe Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region , PLA, 333 South Binhe Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine , Dingxi East Road 35, Chenguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Thilo Köhler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva , CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian van Delden
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva , CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Service of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva , CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tamis Darbre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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68
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Su M, Xia D, Teng P, Nimmagadda A, Zhang C, Odom T, Cao A, Hu Y, Cai J. Membrane-Active Hydantoin Derivatives as Antibiotic Agents. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8456-8465. [PMID: 28984451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hydantoin (imidazolidinedione) derivatives such as nitrofurantoin are small molecules that have aroused considerable interest recently due to their low rate of bacterial resistance. However, their moderate antimicrobial activity may hamper their application combating antibiotic resistance in the long run. Herein, we report the design of bacterial membrane-active hydantoin derivatives, from which we identified compounds that show much more potent antimicrobial activity than nitrofurantoin against a panel of clinically relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. These compounds are able to act on bacterial membranes, analogous to natural host-defense peptides. Additionally, these hydantoin compounds not only kill bacterial pathogens rapidly but also prevent the development of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacterial resistance under the tested conditions. More intriguingly, the lead compound exhibited in vivo efficacy that is much superior to vancomycin by eradicating bacteria and suppressing inflammation caused by MRSA-induced pneumonia in a rat model, demonstrating its promising therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Donglin Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, Nanjing University , 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P. R. China
| | - Peng Teng
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Alekhya Nimmagadda
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, Nanjing University , 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P. R. China
| | - Timothy Odom
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Annie Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, Nanjing University , 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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69
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Hu D, Li H, Wang B, Ye Z, Lei W, Jia F, Jin Q, Ren KF, Ji J. Surface-Adaptive Gold Nanoparticles with Effective Adherence and Enhanced Photothermal Ablation of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9330-9339. [PMID: 28806528 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms that contribute to the persistent bacterial infections pose serious threats to global public health, mainly due to their resistance to antibiotics penetration and escaping innate immune attacks by phagocytes. Here, we report a kind of surface-adaptive gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exhibiting (1) a self-adaptive target to the acidic microenvironment of biofilm, (2) an enhanced photothermal ablation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, and (3) no damage to the healthy tissues around the biofilm. Originally, AuNPs were readily prepared by surface modification with pH-responsive mixed charged zwitterionic self-assembled monolayers consisting of weak electrolytic 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (HS-C10-COOH) and strong electrolytic (10-mercaptodecyl)trimethylammonium bromide (HS-C10-N4). The mixed charged zwitterion-modified AuNPs showed fast pH-responsive transition from negative charge to positive charge, which enabled the AuNPs to disperse well in healthy tissues (pH ∼7.4), while quickly presenting strong adherence to negatively charged bacteria surfaces in MRSA biofilm (pH ∼5.5). Simultaneous AuNP aggregation within the MRSA biofilm enhanced the photothermal ablation of MRSA biofilm under NIR light irradiation. The surrounding healthy tissues showed no damage because the dispersed AuNPs had no photothermal effect under NIR light. In view of the above advantages as well as the straightforward preparation, AuNPs developed in this work may find potential applications as a useful antibacterial agent in the areas of healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Huan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bailiang Wang
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zi Ye
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Wenxi Lei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Fan Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qiao Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ke-Feng Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
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70
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A Cationic Polymer That Shows High Antifungal Activity against Diverse Human Pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00204-17. [PMID: 28739790 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00204-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal diseases are generally difficult to treat and often fatal. The therapeutic agents available to treat fungi are limited, and there is a critical need for new agents to combat these deadly infections. Antifungal compound development has been hindered by the challenge of creating agents that are highly active against fungal pathogens but not toxic to the host. Host defense peptides (HDPs) are produced by eukaryotes as a component of the innate immune response to pathogens and have served as inspiration for the development of many new antibacterial compounds. HDP mimics, however, have largely failed to exhibit potent and selective antifungal activity. Here, we present an HDP-like nylon-3 copolymer that is effective against diverse fungi while displaying only mild to moderate toxicity toward mammalian cells. This polymer is active on its own and in synergy with existing antifungal drugs against multiple species of Candida and Cryptococcus, reaching levels of efficacy comparable to those of the clinical agents amphotericin B and fluconazole in some cases. In addition, the polymer acts synergistically with azoles against different species of Aspergillus, including some azole-resistant strains. These findings indicate that nylon-3 polymers are a promising lead for development of new antifungal therapeutic strategies.
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71
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Konai MM, Adhikary U, Haldar J. Design and Solution-Phase Synthesis of Membrane-Targeting Lipopeptides with Selective Antibacterial Activity. Chemistry 2017; 23:12853-12860. [PMID: 28718982 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Designing selective antibacterial molecules remains an unmet goal in the field of membrane-targeting agents. Herein, we report the rational design and synthesis of a new class of lipopeptides, which possess highly selective bacterial killing over mammalian cells. The selective interaction with bacterial over mammalian membranes was established through various spectroscopic, as well as microscopic experiments, including biophysical studies with the model membranes. A detailed antibacterial structure-activity relationship was delineated after preparing a series of molecules consisting of the peptide moieties with varied sequence of amino acids, such as d-phenylalanine, d-leucine, and d-lysine. Antibacterial activity was found to vary with the nature and positioning of hydrophobicity in the molecules, as well as number of positive charges. Optimized lipopeptide 9 did not show any hemolytic activity even at 1000 μg mL-1 and displayed >200-fold and >100-fold selectivity towards S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. More importantly, compound 9 was found to display good antibacterial activity (MIC 6.3-12.5 μg mL-1 ) against the five top most critical bacteria according to World Health Organization (WHO) priority pathogens list. Therefore, the results suggested that this new class of lipopeptides bear real promises for the development as future antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini M Konai
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Utsarga Adhikary
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayanta Haldar
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
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72
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Dai X, Chen X, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Guo Q, Zhang T, Chu C, Zhang X, Li C. Structure-Activity Relationship of Membrane-Targeting Cationic Ligands on a Silver Nanoparticle Surface in an Antibiotic-Resistant Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity Assay. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:13837-13848. [PMID: 28383253 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To explore the structure-activity relationship of membrane-targeting cationic ligands on a silver nanoparticle surface in an antibiotic-resistant antibacterial and antibiofilm activity assay, a series of functionalized silver nanocomposites were synthesized. Tuning the structural configuration, molecular weight, and side-chain length of the cationic ligands on the nanoparticle surface provided silver nanocomposites with effective antibacterial activity against both antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including bacterial biofilms. These silver nanocomposites did not trigger hemolytic activity. Significantly, the bacteria did not develop resistance to the obtained nanocomposites even after 30 generations. A study of the antibacterial mechanism confirmed that these nanocomposites could irreversibly disrupt the membrane structure of bacteria and effectively inhibit intracellular enzyme activity, ultimately leading to bacterial death. The silver nanocomposites (64 μg/mL) could eradicate 80% of an established antibiotic-resistant bacterial biofilm. The strong structure-activity relationship toward antibacterial and antibiofilm activity suggests that variations in the conformational property of the functional ligand could be valuable in the discovery of new nano-antibacterial agents for treating pathogenic bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xuelei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chunli Chu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xinge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chaoxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
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73
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Gao Q, Li P, Zhao H, Chen Y, Jiang L, Ma PX. Methacrylate-ended polypeptides and polypeptoids for antimicrobial and antifouling coatings. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01495c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Methacrylate-terminated polypept(o)ides were directly synthesized via NCA-ROP, and then surface-grafted to form a polymer brush coating with infection-resistant efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Gao
- Center of Biomedical and Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710054
- China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Hongyang Zhao
- Center of Applied Chemical Research
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710054
- China
| | - Yashao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- School of Chemical and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710119
- China
| | - Liu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- School of Chemical and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710119
- China
| | - Peter X. Ma
- Center of Biomedical and Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710054
- China
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74
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Su Y, Tian L, Yu M, Gao Q, Wang D, Xi Y, Yang P, Lei B, Ma PX, Li P. Cationic peptidopolysaccharides synthesized by ‘click’ chemistry with enhanced broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00528h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of broad-spectrum antimicrobial cationic peptidopolysaccharides have been synthesized using a facile thiol–ene ‘click’ chemistry.
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75
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Huang Z, Zhang H, Bai H, Bai Y, Wang S, Zhang X. Polypseudorotaxane Constructed from Cationic Polymer with Cucurbit[7]uril for Controlled Antibacterial Activity. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1109-1113. [PMID: 35658190 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This letter is aimed to develop a general strategy to fabricate polypseudorotaxanes with controlled antibacterial activity based on cationic polymers. As a proof of concept, the commercially available antibacterial cationic polymer, ε-poly-l-lysine hydrochloride, was chosen for the demonstration. Using host-guest chemistry, cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]), a water-soluble macrocyclic host, was employed to bind with the positive charge and hydrophobic component on ε-poly-l-lysine hydrochlorides for antibacterial regulation. In this way, by tuning the ratio of CB[7] to the cationic polymer, the antibacterial polypseudorotaxane can be obtained, and the antibacterial efficiency can be well tuned from 5% to 100%. This line of research will enrich the field of cationic polymers and polypseudorotaxanes with important functions on precise control over antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehuan Huang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Haotian Bai
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic
Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Yunhao Bai
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic
Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
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76
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Hoque J, Adhikary U, Yadav V, Samaddar S, Konai MM, Prakash RG, Paramanandham K, Shome BR, Sanyal K, Haldar J. Chitosan Derivatives Active against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Pathogenic Fungi: In Vivo Evaluation as Topical Antimicrobials. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3578-3589. [PMID: 27589087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The continuous rise of antimicrobial resistance and the dearth of new antibiotics in the clinical pipeline raise an urgent call for the development of potent antimicrobial agents. Cationic chitosan derivatives, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chlorides (HTCC), have been widely studied as potent antibacterial agents. However, their systemic structure-activity relationship, activity toward drug-resistant bacteria and fungi, and mode of action are very rare. Moreover, toxicity and efficacy of these polymers under in vivo conditions are yet to be established. Herein, we investigated antibacterial and antifungal efficacies of the HTCC polymers against multidrug resistant bacteria including clinical isolates and pathogenic fungi, studied their mechanism of action, and evaluated cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities in vitro and in vivo. The polymers were found to be active against both bacteria and fungi (MIC = 125-250 μg/mL) and displayed rapid microbicidal kinetics, killing pathogens within 60-120 min. Moreover, the polymers were shown to target both bacterial and fungal cell membrane leading to membrane disruption and found to be effective in hindering bacterial resistance development. Importantly, very low toxicity toward human erythrocytes (HC50 = >10000 μg/mL) and embryo kidney cells were observed for the cationic polymers in vitro. Further, no inflammation toward skin tissue was observed in vivo for the most active polymer even at 200 mg/kg when applied on the mice skin. In a murine model of superficial skin infection, the polymer showed significant reduction of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) burden (3.2 log MRSA reduction at 100 mg/kg) with no to minimal inflammation. Taken together, these selectively active polymers show promise to be used as potent antimicrobial agents in topical and other infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaul Hoque
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Utsarga Adhikary
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Vikas Yadav
- Molecular Mycology Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Sandip Samaddar
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Mohini Mohan Konai
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Relekar Gnaneshwar Prakash
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Krishnamoorthy Paramanandham
- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI) , Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Bibek R Shome
- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI) , Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Kaustuv Sanyal
- Molecular Mycology Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Jayanta Haldar
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, India
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Benhamou RI, Steinbuch KB, Fridman M. Antifungal Imidazole-Decorated Cationic Amphiphiles with Markedly Low Hemolytic Activity. Chemistry 2016; 22:11148-51. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael I. Benhamou
- School of Chemistry; Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences; Tel Aviv University; 6997801 Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Kfir B. Steinbuch
- School of Chemistry; Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences; Tel Aviv University; 6997801 Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Micha Fridman
- School of Chemistry; Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences; Tel Aviv University; 6997801 Tel Aviv Israel
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78
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Ebrahimi S, Dabbagh HA, Eskandari K. Nature of intramolecular interactions of vitamin C in view of interacting quantum atoms: the role of hydrogen bond cooperativity on geometry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:18278-88. [PMID: 27332782 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01678b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The conformational analysis of six dihedral angles was calculated by second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) with the correlation-consistent aug-cc-pVDZ basis set. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) was applied to gain a description of the atoms and chemical bonds. A high content of hydroxyl groups in vitamin C's (VC) structure leads to a wide range of intramolecular interactions. The nature of these interactions within the selected VC conformers was studied in view of the interacting quantum atom (IQA) approach. Complete IQA analysis of the atomic and interatomic interaction energies indicated hydrogen bond formation was responsible for the stability of most of the local minima in the potential energy surface. In these conformers, the tandem participation of interactions was operating by way of two- or three-centered (bifurcated) cooperative networks. For the intramolecular hydrogen bond interplay in cooperativity, changes of the IQA atomic and interatomic interaction energies of the participant interactions were monitored during the formation of cooperative networks. The results of the intramolecular cooperativity were evaluated with changes of the delocalization index and bond distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
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79
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Isik M, Tan JPK, Ono RJ, Sanchez-Sanchez A, Mecerreyes D, Yang YY, Hedrick JL, Sardon H. Tuning the Selectivity of Biodegradable Antimicrobial Cationic Polycarbonates by Exchanging the Counter-Anion. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:1360-7. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Isik
- POLYMAT; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Joxe Mari Korta Center; Avda. Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Jeremy P. K. Tan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; 31 Biopolis Way Singapore 138669 Singapore
| | - Robert J. Ono
- IBM Almaden Research Center; 650 Harry Road San Jose CA 95120 USA
| | - Ana Sanchez-Sanchez
- POLYMAT; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Joxe Mari Korta Center; Avda. Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Joxe Mari Korta Center; Avda. Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
- Ikerbasque; Basque Foundation for Science; E-48011 Bilbao Spain
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; 31 Biopolis Way Singapore 138669 Singapore
| | - James L. Hedrick
- IBM Almaden Research Center; 650 Harry Road San Jose CA 95120 USA
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Joxe Mari Korta Center; Avda. Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
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80
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Faruck MO, Yusof F, Chowdhury S. An overview of antifungal peptides derived from insect. Peptides 2016; 80:80-88. [PMID: 26093218 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are not classified as plants or animals. They resemble plants in many ways but do not produce chlorophyll or make their own food photosynthetically like plants. Fungi are useful for the production of beer, bread, medicine, etc. More complex than viruses or bacteria; fungi can be destructive human pathogens responsible for various diseases in humans. Most people have a strong natural immunity against fungal infection. However, fungi can cause diseases when this immunity breaks down. In the last few years, fungal infection has increased strikingly and has been accompanied by a rise in the number of deaths of cancer patients, transplant recipients, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients owing to fungal infections. The growth rate of fungi is very slow and quite difficult to identify. A series of molecules with antifungal activity against different strains of fungi have been found in insects, which can be of great importance to tackle human diseases. Insects secrete such compounds, which can be peptides, as a part of their immune defense reactions. Active antifungal peptides developed by insects to rapidly eliminate infectious pathogens are considered a component of the defense munitions. This review focuses on naturally occurring antifungal peptides from insects and their challenges to be used as armaments against human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Omer Faruck
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kulliyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Yusof
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kulliyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Silvia Chowdhury
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Kulliyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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81
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Jońca J, Tukaj C, Werel W, Mizerska U, Fortuniak W, Chojnowski J. Bacterial membranes are the target for antimicrobial polysiloxane-methacrylate copolymer. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:55. [PMID: 26787487 PMCID: PMC4718939 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial polysiloxane polymers with pending tert-butylamine groups are a novel class of compounds that are compatible with silicone elastomers, but their mechanism of action is not well understood. The research into their action mechanism was conducted on a polysiloxane copolymer grafted with tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate and covalently attached fluorescein. Fluorometric measurements results suggest that the polymer forms a stable link with bacteria. The results of β-galactosidase enzyme assay with the use of ortho-nitrophenyl-β-galactoside as a substrate show that the polymer has a damaging effect on bacterial membranes. The scanning and transmission electron micrographs of Escherichia coli cells incubated with the polymer prove further that the polymer's site of action is bacterial cell membranes. In order to investigate the polymer interaction with bacterial membranes the fluorescein labelled polymer was incubated with bacterial cells and membranes isolation and identification method was next applied. The E. coli membrane fractions were identified by light scattering, protein content, oxidase NADH activity and N-phenylnaphtylamine fluorescence measurements, as well as electron microscopy. Oxidase NADH and N-phenylnaphtylamine were the inner membrane markers. The bacterial membranes were then tested for the presence of the polymer. The experiments gave evidence that the copolymer binds to the inner bacterial membrane. Further studies, where the copolymer was incubated with isolated mixed (inner and outer) membrane fractions, proved that the copolymer exerts more destructive effect on E. coli outer membrane. The damaging effect on the membranes is concentration dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jońca
- Chair & Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy with Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Cecylia Tukaj
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Debinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Władysław Werel
- Chair & Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy with Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Urszula Mizerska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lódź, Poland
| | - Witold Fortuniak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lódź, Poland
| | - Julian Chojnowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lódź, Poland
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82
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Xiong M, Lee MW, Mansbach RA, Song Z, Bao Y, Peek RM, Yao C, Chen LF, Ferguson AL, Wong GCL, Cheng J. Helical antimicrobial polypeptides with radial amphiphilicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:13155-60. [PMID: 26460016 PMCID: PMC4629321 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1507893112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Helical antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) generally have facially amphiphilic structures that may lead to undesired peptide interactions with blood proteins and self-aggregation due to exposed hydrophobic surfaces. Here we report the design of a class of cationic, helical homo-polypeptide antimicrobials with a hydrophobic internal helical core and a charged exterior shell, possessing unprecedented radial amphiphilicity. The radially amphiphilic structure enables the polypeptide to bind effectively to the negatively charged bacterial surface and exhibit high antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, the shielding of the hydrophobic core by the charged exterior shell decreases nonspecific interactions with eukaryotic cells, as evidenced by low hemolytic activity, and protects the polypeptide backbone from proteolytic degradation. The radially amphiphilic polypeptides can also be used as effective adjuvants, allowing improved permeation of commercial antibiotics in bacteria and enhanced antimicrobial activity by one to two orders of magnitude. Designing AMPs bearing this unprecedented, unique radially amphiphilic structure represents an alternative direction of AMP development; radially amphiphilic polypeptides may become a general platform for developing AMPs to treat drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Xiong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Michelle W Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Rachael A Mansbach
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Ziyuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Yan Bao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Catherine Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Lin-Feng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Andrew L Ferguson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Gerard C L Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801;
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83
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Li J, Yu F, Chen Y, Oupický D. Polymeric drugs: Advances in the development of pharmacologically active polymers. J Control Release 2015; 219:369-382. [PMID: 26410809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers play a critical role in pharmaceutical discovery and development. Current research and applications of pharmaceutical polymers are mainly focused on their functions as excipients and inert carriers of other pharmacologically active agents. This review article surveys recent advances in alternative pharmaceutical use of polymers as pharmacologically active agents known as polymeric drugs. Emphasis is placed on the benefits of polymeric drugs that are associated with their macromolecular character and their ability to explore biologically relevant multivalency processes. We discuss the main therapeutic uses of polymeric drugs as sequestrants, antimicrobials, antivirals, and anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Fei Yu
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yi Chen
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - David Oupický
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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84
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Hovakeemian SG, Liu R, Gellman SH, Heerklotz H. Correlating antimicrobial activity and model membrane leakage induced by nylon-3 polymers and detergents. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:6840-51. [PMID: 26234884 PMCID: PMC4666704 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01521a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Most antimicrobial peptides act upon target microorganisms by permeabilizing their membranes. The mode of action is often assessed by vesicle leakage experiments that use model membranes, with the assumption that biological activity correlates with the permeabilization of the lipid bilayer. The current work aims to extend the interpretation of vesicle leakage results and examine the correlation between vesicle leakage and antimicrobial activity. To this end, we used a lifetime-based leakage assay with calcein-loaded vesicles to study the membrane permeabilizing properties of a novel antifungal polymer poly-NM, two of its analogs, and a series of detergents. In conjunction, the biological activities of these compounds against Candida albicans were assessed and correlated with data from vesicle leakage. Poly-NM induces all-or-none leakage in polar yeast lipid vesicles at the polymer's MIC, 3 μg mL(-1). At this and higher concentrations, complete leakage after an initial lag time was observed. Concerted activity tests imply that this polymer acts independently of the detergent octyl glucoside (OG) for both vesicle leakage and activity against C. albicans spheroplasts. In addition, poly-NM was found to have negligible activity against zwitterionic vesicles and red blood cells. Our results provide a consistent, detailed picture of the mode of action of poly-NM: this polymer induces membrane leakage by electrostatic lipid clustering. In contrast, poly-MM:CO, a nylon-3 polymer comprised of both cationic and hydrophobic segments, seems to act by a different mechanism that involves membrane asymmetry stress. Vesicle leakage for this polymer is transient (limited to <100%) and graded, non-specific among zwitterionic and polar yeast lipid vesicles, additive with detergent action, and correlates poorly with biological activity. Based on these results, we conclude that comprehensive leakage experiments can provide a detailed description of the mode of action of membrane permeabilizing compounds. Without this thorough approach, it would have been logical to assume that the two nylon-3 polymers we examined act via similar mechanisms; it is surprising that their mechanisms are so distinct. Some, but not all mechanisms of vesicle permeabilization allow for antimicrobial activity.
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85
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Ghosh C, Haldar J. Membrane-Active Small Molecules: Designs Inspired by Antimicrobial Peptides. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1606-24. [PMID: 26386345 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases continue to be one of the major contributors to human morbidity. The rapid rate at which pathogenic microorganisms have developed resistance against frontline antimicrobials has compelled scientists to look for new alternatives. Given their vast antimicrobial repertoire, substantial research effort has been dedicated toward the development of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as alternative drugs. However, inherent limitations of AMPs have driven substantial efforts worldwide to develop synthetic mimics of AMPs. This review focuses on the progress that has been made toward the development of small molecules that emulate the properties of AMPs, both in terms of design and biological activity. Herein we provide an extensive discussion of the structural features of various designs and we examine biological properties that have been exploited. Furthermore, we raise a number of questions for which the field has yet to provide solutions and discuss possible future research directions that remain either unexploited or underexploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandradhish Ghosh
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka (India)
| | - Jayanta Haldar
- Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka (India).
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86
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Raman N, Lee MR, Lynn DM, Palecek SP. Antifungal Activity of 14-Helical β-Peptides against Planktonic Cells and Biofilms of Candida Species. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2015; 8:483-503. [PMID: 26287212 PMCID: PMC4588179 DOI: 10.3390/ph8030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most prevalent cause of fungal infections and treatment is further complicated by the formation of drug resistant biofilms, often on the surfaces of implanted medical devices. In recent years, the incidence of fungal infections by other pathogenic Candida species such as C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis has increased. Amphiphilic, helical β-peptide structural mimetics of natural antimicrobial α-peptides have been shown to exhibit specific planktonic antifungal and anti-biofilm formation activity against C. albicans in vitro. Here, we demonstrate that β-peptides are also active against clinically isolated and drug resistant strains of C. albicans and against other opportunistic Candida spp. Different Candida species were susceptible to β-peptides to varying degrees, with C. tropicalis being the most and C. glabrata being the least susceptible. β-peptide hydrophobicity directly correlated with antifungal activity against all the Candida clinical strains and species tested. While β-peptides were largely ineffective at disrupting existing Candida biofilms, hydrophobic β-peptides were able to prevent the formation of C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis biofilms. The broad-spectrum antifungal activity of β-peptides against planktonic cells and in preventing biofilm formation suggests the promise of this class of molecules as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Raman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Myung-Ryul Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - David M Lynn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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87
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Li Y, Wu H, Teng P, Bai G, Lin X, Zuo X, Cao C, Cai J. Helical Antimicrobial Sulfono-γ-AApeptides. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4802-11. [PMID: 26020456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Host-defense peptides (HDPs) such as magainin 2 have emerged as potential therapeutic agents combating antibiotic resistance. Inspired by their structures and mechanism of action, herein we report the first example of antimicrobial helical sulfono-γ-AApeptide foldamers. The lead molecule displays broad-spectrum and potent antimicrobial activity against multi-drug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Time-kill studies and fluorescence microscopy suggest that sulfono-γ-AApeptides eradicate bacteria by taking a mode of action analogous to that of HDPs. Clear structure-function relationships exist in the studied sequences. Longer sequences, presumably adopting more-defined helical structures, are more potent than shorter ones. Interestingly, the sequence with less helical propensity in solution could be more selective than the stronger helix-forming sequences. Moreover, this class of antimicrobial agents are resistant to proteolytic degradation. These results may lead to the development of a new class of antimicrobial foldamers combating emerging antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaobing Zuo
- §X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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88
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Liu R, Chen X, Falk SP, Masters KS, Weisblum B, Gellman SH. Nylon-3 polymers active against drug-resistant Candida albicans biofilms. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2183-6. [PMID: 25650957 PMCID: PMC4682891 DOI: 10.1021/ja512567y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen in humans, and most diseases produced by C. albicans are associated with biofilms. We previously developed nylon-3 polymers with potent activity against planktonic C. albicans and excellent C. albicans versus mammalian cell selectivity. Here we show that these nylon-3 polymers have strong and selective activity against drug-resistant C. albicans in biofilms, as manifested by inhibition of biofilm formation and by killing of C. albicans in mature biofilms. The best nylon-3 polymer (poly-βNM) is superior to the antifungal drug fluconazole for all three strains examined. This polymer is slightly less effective than amphotericin B (AmpB) for two strains, but the polymer is superior against an AmpB-resistant strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 53706
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 53706
| | - Shaun P. Falk
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 53706
| | - Kristyn S. Masters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 53706
| | - Bernard Weisblum
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 53706
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 53706
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89
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Sharma A, Pohane AA, Bansal S, Bajaj A, Jain V, Srivastava A. Cell penetrating synthetic antimicrobial peptides (SAMPs) exhibiting potent and selective killing of mycobacterium by targeting its DNA. Chemistry 2015; 21:3540-5. [PMID: 25608020 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are powerful defence tools to tackle pathogenic microbes. However, limited natural production and high synthetic costs in addition to poor selectivity limit large-scale use of AMPs in clinical settings. Here, we present a series of synthetic AMPs (SAMPs) that exhibit highly selective and potent killing of Mycobacterium (minimum inhibitory concentration <20 μg mL(-1)) over E. coli or mammalian cells. These SAMPs are active against rapidly multiplying as well as growth saturated Mycobacterium cultures. These SAMPs are not membrane-lytic in nature, and are readily internalized by Mycobacterium and mammalian cells; whereas in E. coli, the lipopolysaccharide layer inhibits their cellular uptake, and hence, their antibacterial action. Upon internalization, these SAMPs interact with the unprotected genomic DNA of mycobacteria, and impede DNA-dependent processes, leading to bacterial cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashish Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Indore Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066 (India)
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90
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Wang Y, Ju Z, Cao B, Gao X, Zhu Y, Qiu P, Xu H, Pan P, Bao H, Wang L, Mao C. Ultrasensitive rapid detection of human serum antibody biomarkers by biomarker-capturing viral nanofibers. ACS NANO 2015; 9:4475-4483. [PMID: 25855864 PMCID: PMC4922535 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection causes high mortality rates within cancer patients. Due to the low sensitivity of the current diagnosis systems, a new sensitive detection method is needed for its diagnosis. Toward this end, here we exploited the capability of genetically displaying two functional peptides, one responsible for recognizing the biomarker for the infection (antisecreted aspartyl proteinase 2 IgG antibody) in the sera of cancer patients and another for binding magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), on a single filamentous fd phage, a human-safe bacteria-specific virus. The resultant phage is first decorated with MNPs and then captures the biomarker from the sera. The phage-bound biomarker is then magnetically enriched and biochemically detected. This method greatly increases the sensitivity and specificity of the biomarker detection. The average detection time for each serum sample is only about 6 h, much shorter than the clinically used gold standard method, which takes about 1 week. The detection limit of our nanobiotechnological method is approximately 1.1 pg/mL, about 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of the traditional antigen-based method, opening up a new avenue to virus-based disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicun Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Ju
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-5300, United States
| | - Binrui Cao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-5300, United States
| | - Xiang Gao
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-5300, United States
| | - Penghe Qiu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-5300, United States
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-5300, United States
| | - Pengtao Pan
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P.R. China
| | - Huizheng Bao
- Jilin Provincial Tumor Hospital, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P.R. China
- Address correspondence to: ,
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-5300, United States
- Address correspondence to: ,
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91
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Tejero R, López D, López-Fabal F, Gómez-Garcés JL, Fernández-García M. Antimicrobial polymethacrylates based on quaternized 1,3-thiazole and 1,2,3-triazole side-chain groups. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00288e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Increasing antimicrobial and non-hemotoxic characteristics of polymers bearing thiazole and triazole groups by the appropriate selection of spacer and quaternization groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Tejero
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC)
- 28006 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Daniel López
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC)
- 28006 Madrid
- Spain
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92
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Nadithe V, Liu R, Killinger BA, Movassaghian S, Kim NH, Moszczynska AB, Masters KS, Gellman SH, Merkel OM. Screening nylon-3 polymers, a new class of cationic amphiphiles, for siRNA delivery. Mol Pharm 2014; 12:362-74. [PMID: 25437915 PMCID: PMC4319696 DOI: 10.1021/mp5004724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
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Amphiphilic nucleic acid carriers
have attracted strong interest.
Three groups of nylon-3 copolymers (poly-β-peptides) possessing
different cationic/hydrophobic content were evaluated as siRNA delivery
agents in this study. Their ability to condense siRNA was determined
in SYBR Gold assays. Their cytotoxicity was tested by MTT assays,
their efficiency of delivering Alexa Fluor-488-labeled siRNA intracellularly
in the presence and absence of uptake inhibitors was assessed by flow
cytometry, and their transfection efficacies were studied by luciferase
knockdown in a cell line stably expressing luciferase (H1299/Luc).
Endosomal release was determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy
and colocalization with lysotracker. All polymers efficiently condensed
siRNA at nitrogen-to-phosphate (N/P) ratios of 5 or lower, as reflected
in hydrodynamic diameters smaller than that at N/P 1. Although several
formulations had negative zeta potentials at N/P 1, G2C and G2D polyplexes
yielded >80% uptake in H1299/Luc cells, as determined by flow cytometry.
Luciferase knockdown (20–65%) was observed after transfection
with polyplexes made of the high molecular weight polymers that were
the most hydrophobic. The ability of nylon-3 polymers to deliver siRNA
intracellularly even at negative zeta potential implies that they
mediate transport across cell membranes based on their amphiphilicity.
The cellular uptake route was determined to strongly depend on the
presence of cholesterol in the cell membrane. These polymers are,
therefore, very promising for siRNA delivery at reduced surface charge
and toxicity. Our study identified nylon-3 formulations at low N/P
ratios for effective gene knockdown, indicating that nylon-3 polymers
are a new, promising type of gene delivery agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatareddy Nadithe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
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93
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Liu R, Suárez JM, Weisblum B, Gellman SH, McBride SM. Synthetic polymers active against Clostridium difficile vegetative cell growth and spore outgrowth. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14498-504. [PMID: 25279431 PMCID: PMC4210120 DOI: 10.1021/ja506798e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nylon-3 polymers (poly-β-peptides) have been investigated as synthetic mimics of host-defense peptides in recent years. These polymers are attractive because they are much easier to synthesize than are the peptides themselves, and the polymers resist proteolysis. Here we describe in vitro analysis of selected nylon-3 copolymers against Clostridium difficile, an important nosocomial pathogen that causes highly infectious diarrheal disease. The best polymers match the human host-defense peptide LL-37 in blocking vegetative cell growth and inhibiting spore outgrowth. The polymers and LL-37 were effective against both the epidemic 027 ribotype and the 012 ribotype. In contrast, neither vancomycin nor nisin inhibited outgrowth for the 012 ribotype. The best polymer was less hemolytic than LL-37. Overall, these findings suggest that nylon-3 copolymers may be useful for combatting C. difficle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhui Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jose M. Suárez
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University
School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Bernard Weisblum
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Shonna M. McBride
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University
School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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94
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Chakraborty S, Liu R, Hayouka Z, Chen X, Ehrhardt J, Lu Q, Burke E, Yang Y, Weisblum B, Wong GL, Masters KS, Gellman SH. Ternary nylon-3 copolymers as host-defense peptide mimics: beyond hydrophobic and cationic subunits. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14530-5. [PMID: 25269798 PMCID: PMC4210135 DOI: 10.1021/ja507576a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Host-defense peptides (HDPs) are produced by eukaryotes to defend against bacterial infection, and diverse synthetic polymers have recently been explored as mimics of these natural peptides. HDPs are rich in both hydrophobic and cationic amino acid residues, and most HDP-mimetic polymers have therefore contained binary combinations of hydrophobic and cationic subunits. However, HDP-mimetic polymers rarely duplicate the hydrophobic surface and cationic charge density found among HDPs ( Hu , K. ; et al. Macromolecules 2013 , 46 , 1908 ); the charge and hydrophobicity are generally higher among the polymers. Statistical analysis of HDP sequences ( Wang , G. ; et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 , 37 , D933 ) has revealed that serine (polar but uncharged) is a very common HDP constituent and that glycine is more prevalent among HDPs than among proteins in general. These observations prompted us to prepare and evaluate ternary nylon-3 copolymers that contain a modestly polar but uncharged subunit, either serine-like or glycine-like, along with a hydrophobic subunit and a cationic subunit. Starting from binary hydrophobic-cationic copolymers that were previously shown to be highly active against bacteria but also highly hemolytic, we found that replacing a small proportion of the hydrophobic subunit with either of the polar, uncharged subunits can diminish the hemolytic activity with minimal impact on the antibacterial activity. These results indicate that the incorporation of polar, uncharged subunits may be generally useful for optimizing the biological activity profiles of antimicrobial polymers. In the context of HDP evolution, our findings suggest that there is a selective advantage to retaining polar, uncharged residues in natural antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saswata Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and Department of
Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Runhui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and Department of
Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zvi Hayouka
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and Department of
Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and Department of
Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jeffrey Ehrhardt
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and Department of
Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and Department of
Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Eileen Burke
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and Department of
Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yiqing Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and Department of
Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Bernard Weisblum
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and Department of
Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Gerard
C. L. Wong
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kristyn S. Masters
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and Department of
Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and Department of
Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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95
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Thoma LM, Boles BR, Kuroda K. Cationic methacrylate polymers as topical antimicrobial agents against Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2933-43. [PMID: 25010735 PMCID: PMC4130249 DOI: 10.1021/bm500557d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
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The in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial
activity of primary ammonium ethyl methacrylate homopolymers (AEMPs)
was investigated. AEMPs with different degrees of polymerization (DP
= 7.7–12) were prepared by reversible addition–fragmentation
chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The AEMPs showed higher inhibitory
effects against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), than Gram-negative
bacteria. The AEMPs also showed potent anti-S. aureus activity in the presence of fetal bovine serum, whereas the activity
of the antibiotic mupirocin was reduced under the same conditions.
The AEMPs showed very little or no hemolytic activity. The cytotoxicity
of AEMPs against mammalian cells HEp-2 and COS-7 was concentration-dependent,
and the cell viability significantly decreased at higher polymer concentrations.
The AEMPs significantly reduced the number of viable S. aureus cells in the nasal environment of cotton
rats when compared to that of the control. This study demonstrates
that AEMPs have potential for use in treating topical S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Thoma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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96
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Lee MR, Raman N, Gellman SH, Lynn DM, Palecek SP. Hydrophobicity and helicity regulate the antifungal activity of 14-helical β-peptides. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:1613-21. [PMID: 24837702 PMCID: PMC4105187 DOI: 10.1021/cb500203e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
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Candida albicans is one of the most prevalent
fungal pathogens, causing both mucosal candidiasis and invasive candidemia.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), part of the human innate immune system,
have been shown to exhibit antifungal activity but have not been effective
as pharmaceuticals because of low activity and selectivity in physiologically
relevant environments. Nevertheless, studies on α-peptide AMPs
have revealed key features that can be designed into more stable structures,
such as the 14-helix of β-peptide-based oligomers. Here, we
report on the ways in which two of those features, hydrophobicity
and helicity, govern the activity and selectivity of 14-helical β-peptides
against C. albicans and human red blood cells. Our
results reveal both antifungal activity and hemolysis to correlate
to hydrophobicity, with intermediate levels of hydrophobicity leading
to high antifungal activity and high selectivity toward C.
albicans. Helical structure-forming propensity further influenced
this window of selective antifungal activity, with more stable helical
structures eliciting specificity for C. albicans over
a broader range of hydrophobicity. Our findings also reveal cooperativity
between hydrophobicity and helicity in regulating antifungal activity
and specificity. The results of this study provide critical insight
into the ways in which hydrophobicity and helicity govern the activity
and specificity of AMPs and identify criteria that may be useful for
the design of potent and selective antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Ryul Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Namrata Raman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - David M. Lynn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sean P. Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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