51
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Kim HC, Choi YH, Bu W, Meron M, Lin B, Won YY. Increased humidity can soften glassy Langmuir polymer films by two mechanisms: plasticization of the polymer material, and suppression of the evaporation cooling effect. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:10663-10675. [PMID: 28398439 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00785j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the relative humidity decreases the surface pressure of a glassy Langmuir polymer film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Chang Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Yun Hwa Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Wei Bu
- Advanced Photon Source
- University of Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
| | - Mati Meron
- Advanced Photon Source
- University of Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
| | - Binhua Lin
- Advanced Photon Source
- University of Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
| | - You-Yeon Won
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
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52
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Shi C, Yan B, Xie L, Zhang L, Wang J, Takahara A, Zeng H. Long-Range Hydrophilic Attraction between Water and Polyelectrolyte Surfaces in Oil. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 1H9 Canada
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 1H9 Canada
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 1H9 Canada
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 1H9 Canada
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 1H9 Canada
| | - Atsushi Takahara
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 1H9 Canada
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53
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Shi C, Yan B, Xie L, Zhang L, Wang J, Takahara A, Zeng H. Long-Range Hydrophilic Attraction between Water and Polyelectrolyte Surfaces in Oil. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15017-15021. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 1H9 Canada
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 1H9 Canada
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 1H9 Canada
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 1H9 Canada
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 1H9 Canada
| | - Atsushi Takahara
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 1H9 Canada
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54
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Pandiyarajan CK, Prucker O, Rühe J. Humidity Driven Swelling of the Surface-Attached Poly(N-alkylacrylamide) Hydrogels. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. K. Pandiyarajan
- Laboratory for Chemistry
and Physics of Interfaces, Department of Microsystems Engineering
(IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oswald Prucker
- Laboratory for Chemistry
and Physics of Interfaces, Department of Microsystems Engineering
(IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rühe
- Laboratory for Chemistry
and Physics of Interfaces, Department of Microsystems Engineering
(IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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55
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Sun L, Akgun B, Narayanan S, Jiang Z, Foster MD. Surface Fluctuations of Polymer Brushes Swollen in Good Solvent Vapor. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Sun
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Bulent Akgun
- NIST
Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- X-ray
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhang Jiang
- X-ray
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Mark D. Foster
- Department
of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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56
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Dehnert M, Spitzner EC, Beckert F, Friedrich C, Magerle R. Subsurface Imaging of Functionalized and Polymer-Grafted Graphene Oxide. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dehnert
- Fakultät
für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Eike-Christian Spitzner
- Fakultät
für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Fabian Beckert
- Freiburger
Materialforschungszentrum, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, D-79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Friedrich
- Freiburger
Materialforschungszentrum, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, D-79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Magerle
- Fakultät
für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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57
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Higgins W, Kozlovskaya V, Alford A, Ankner J, Kharlampieva E. Stratified Temperature-Responsive Multilayer Hydrogels of Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) and Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam): Effect of Hydrogel Architecture on Properties. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John Ankner
- Spallation
Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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58
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Unger K, Resel R, Coclite AM. Dynamic Studies on the Response to Humidity of Poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Hydrogels Produced by Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Unger
- Institute of Solid State Physics; NAWI Graz; Graz University of Technology; Petersgasse 16 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Roland Resel
- Institute of Solid State Physics; NAWI Graz; Graz University of Technology; Petersgasse 16 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Anna Maria Coclite
- Institute of Solid State Physics; NAWI Graz; Graz University of Technology; Petersgasse 16 8010 Graz Austria
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59
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Leng C, Sun S, Zhang K, Jiang S, Chen Z. Molecular level studies on interfacial hydration of zwitterionic and other antifouling polymers in situ. Acta Biomater 2016; 40:6-15. [PMID: 26923530 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Antifouling polymers have wide applications in biomedical engineering and marine industry. Recently, zwitterionic materials have been reported as promising candidates for antifouling applications, while strong hydration is believed to be the key antifouling mechanism. Zwitterionic materials can be designed with various molecular structures, which affect their hydration and antifouling performance. Although strong hydration has been proposed to occur at the material surfaces, probing the solid material/water interfaces is challenging with traditional analytical techniques. Here in this review, we will review our studies on surface hydration of zwitterionic materials and other antifouling materials by using sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy, which provides molecular understanding of the water structures at various material surfaces. The materials studied include zwitterionic polymer brushes with different molecular structures, amphiphilic polymers with zwitterionic groups, uncharged hydrophilic polymer brushes, amphiphilic polypeptoids, and widely used antifouling material poly(ethylene glycol). We will compare the differences among zwitterionic materials with various molecular structures as well as the differences between antifouling materials and fouling surfaces of control samples. We will also discuss the effects of pH and biological molecules like proteins on the surface hydration of the zwitterionic materials. Using SFG spectroscopy, we have measured the hydration layers of antifouling materials and found that strong hydrogen bonds are key to the formation of strong hydration layers preventing protein fouling at the polymer interfaces. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Antifouling polymers have wide applications in biomedical engineering and marine industry. Recently, zwitterionic materials have been reported as promising candidates for antifouling applications, while strong hydration is believed to be the key antifouling mechanism. However, zwitterionic materials can be designed with various molecular structures, which affect their hydration and antifouling performance. Moreover, although strong hydration has been proposed to occur at the material surfaces, probing the solid material/water interfaces is challenging with traditional analytical techniques. Here in this manuscript, we will review our studies on surface hydration of zwitterionic materials and other antifouling materials by using sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy, which provides molecular understanding of the water structures at various material surfaces. The materials studied include zwitterionic polymer brushes with different molecular structures, amphiphilic polymers with zwitterionic groups, uncharged hydrophilic polymer brushes, amphiphilic polypeptoids, and widely used antifouling material poly(ethylene glycol). We will compare the differences among zwitterionic materials with various molecular structures as well as the differences between antifouling materials and fouling surfaces of control samples. We will also discuss the effects of pH and biological molecules like proteins on the surface hydration of the zwitterionic materials. All the SFG results indicate that strongly hydrogen-bonded water at the materials' surfaces (strong surface hydration) is closely correlated to the good antifouling properties of the materials. This review will be widely interested by readers of Acta Biomaterialia and will impact many different research fields in chemistry, materials, engineering, and beyond.
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60
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Parry AVS, Straub AJ, Villar-Alvarez EM, Phuengphol T, Nicoll JER, W. K. XL, Jordan LM, Moore KL, Taboada P, Yeates SG, Edmondson S. Submicron Patterning of Polymer Brushes: An Unexpected Discovery from Inkjet Printing of Polyelectrolyte Macroinitiators. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:9009-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam V. S. Parry
- The
School of Chemistry and ‡The School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Alexander J. Straub
- The
School of Chemistry and ‡The School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
- Makromolekulare
Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva M. Villar-Alvarez
- The
School of Chemistry and ‡The School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
- Grupo de Física de Coloides y Polímeros, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, 15782-Santuiago
de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Jonathan E. R. Nicoll
- The
School of Chemistry and ‡The School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | | | - Lianne M. Jordan
- The
School of Chemistry and ‡The School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | | | - Pablo Taboada
- Grupo de Física de Coloides y Polímeros, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, 15782-Santuiago
de Compostela, Spain
| | - Stephen G. Yeates
- The
School of Chemistry and ‡The School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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61
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Gu Y, Weinheimer EK, Ji X, Wiener CG, Zacharia NS. Response of Swelling Behavior of Weak Branched Poly(ethylene imine)/Poly(acrylic acid) Polyelectrolyte Multilayers to Thermal Treatment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:6020-7. [PMID: 27232180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Weak polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) prepared by the layer-by-layer technique have attracted a great deal of attention as smart responsive materials for biological and other applications in aqueous medium, but their dynamic behavior as a function of exposure to a wide temperature range is still not well understood. In this work, the thermally dependent swelling behavior of PEMs consisting of branched poly(ethylenimine) and poly(acrylic acid) is studied by temperature controlled in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. Because of diffusion and interpenetration of polyelectrolytes during film deposition, the PEMs densify with increasing bilayer number, which further affects their water uptake behavior. Upon heating to temperatures below 60 °C, the worsened solvent quality of the PEM in water causes deswelling of the PEMs. However, once heated above this critical temperature, the hydrogen bonds within the PEMs are weakened, which allows for chain rearrangement within the film upon cooling, resulting in enhanced water uptake and increased film thickness. The current work provides fundamental insight into the unique dynamic behavior of weak polyelectrolyte multilayers in water at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Gu
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Emily K Weinheimer
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Xiang Ji
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Clinton G Wiener
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Nicole S Zacharia
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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62
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Sun L, Akgun B, Hu R, Browning JF, Wu DT, Foster MD. Scaling Behavior and Segment Concentration Profile of Densely Grafted Polymer Brushes Swollen in Vapor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:5623-5628. [PMID: 27172089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The scaling of the thickness, hs, of a densely grafted polymer brush of chain length N and grafting density σ swollen in vapor agrees quantitatively with the scaling reported by Kuhl et al. for densely grafted brushes swollen in liquid. Deep in the brush, next to the substrate, the shape of the segment concentration profile is the same whether the brush is swollen by liquid or by vapor. Differences in the segment concentration profile are manifested primarily in the swollen brush interface with the surrounding fluid. The interface of the polymer brush swollen in vapor is much more abrupt than that of the same brush swollen in liquid. This has implications for the compressibility of the swollen brush surface and for fluctuations at that surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Sun
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Bulent Akgun
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University , Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Renfeng Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography (ARCNL) , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James F Browning
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - David T Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Mark D Foster
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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63
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey J. Galvin
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
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64
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Mineart KP, Lee B, Spontak RJ. A Solvent-Vapor Approach toward the Control of Block Ionomer Morphologies. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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65
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Gunkel-Grabole G, Car A, Naik VV, Marot L, Ferk G, Palivan C, Meier W. PEG Brushes on Porous, PDMS-Coated Surfaces and Their Interaction with Carbon Dioxide. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gesine Gunkel-Grabole
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; Klingelbergstrasse 80 CH-4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Anja Car
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; Klingelbergstrasse 80 CH-4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Vikrant V. Naik
- Department of Materials; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog Weg 5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Laurent Marot
- Department of Physics; University of Basel; Klingelbergstrasse 82 CH-4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Gregor Ferk
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Maribor; Smetanova 17 SI-2000 Maribor Slovenia
| | - Cornelia Palivan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; Klingelbergstrasse 80 CH-4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Meier
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; Klingelbergstrasse 80 CH-4056 Basel Switzerland
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66
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Santra S, Hu G, Howe RCT, De Luca A, Ali SZ, Udrea F, Gardner JW, Ray SK, Guha PK, Hasan T. CMOS integration of inkjet-printed graphene for humidity sensing. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17374. [PMID: 26616216 PMCID: PMC4663628 DOI: 10.1038/srep17374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the integration of inkjet-printed graphene with a CMOS micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) microhotplate for humidity sensing. The graphene ink is produced via ultrasonic assisted liquid phase exfoliation in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) polymer as the stabilizer. We formulate inks with different graphene concentrations, which are then deposited through inkjet printing over predefined interdigitated gold electrodes on a CMOS microhotplate. The graphene flakes form a percolating network to render the resultant graphene-PVP thin film conductive, which varies in presence of humidity due to swelling of the hygroscopic PVP host. When the sensors are exposed to relative humidity ranging from 10-80%, we observe significant changes in resistance with increasing sensitivity from the amount of graphene in the inks. Our sensors show excellent repeatability and stability, over a period of several weeks. The location specific deposition of functional graphene ink onto a low cost CMOS platform has the potential for high volume, economic manufacturing and application as a new generation of miniature, low power humidity sensors for the internet of things.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Santra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - G. Hu
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - R. C. T. Howe
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - A. De Luca
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - S. Z. Ali
- Cambridge CMOS Sensors Ltd., Cambridge, CB4 0DL, UK
| | - F. Udrea
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
- Cambridge CMOS Sensors Ltd., Cambridge, CB4 0DL, UK
| | - J. W. Gardner
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - S. K. Ray
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - P. K. Guha
- E & ECE Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - T. Hasan
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
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67
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Torres JM, Bakken N, Li J, Vogt BD. Substrate Temperature to Control Moduli and Water Uptake in Thin Films of Vapor Deposited N,N'-Di(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPD). J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:11928-34. [PMID: 26230183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b05814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ultrastable glasses are generated by vapor deposition on substrates heated near the glass transition temperature (Tg), but it is unclear if the remarkable properties of such glasses are present in ultrathin (<100 nm) films. Here, we demonstrate that the moduli of 50 nm thick N,N'-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPD) film can be increased from 1.5 to 2.5 GPa by simply increasing the temperature of the substrate during deposition with a maximum in modulus found at T/Tg = 0.94. This maximum in modulus is the same modulus obtained for very thin (<15 nm) NPD films deposited at 295 K (T/Tg = 0.80). However, the modulus of films deposited at this lower temperature abruptly decreases to approximately 1.5 GPa for thicker films; the modulus from deposition at T/Tg = 0.94 is thickness independent. In addition to the thin film modulus, the substrate temperature significantly impacts the water uptake in NPD films. From QCM, the volume fraction of water at equilibrium with nearly saturated water vapor decreases from nearly 4% to less than 1% as the substrate temperature increases from T/Tg = 0.82 to T/Tg = 0.93. The substrate temperature provides a simple route to control mechanical properties and water uptake into vapor-deposited NPD, and these concepts are likely extendable to other organic electronic materials; the increased moduli and decreased water uptake could enable improved performance and lifetime of small molecule glasses for a variety of organic electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Torres
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University , Temple, Arizona 85284, United States
| | - Nathan Bakken
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University , Temple, Arizona 85284, United States
| | - Jian Li
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University , Temple, Arizona 85284, United States
| | - Bryan D Vogt
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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68
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Leng C, Hung HC, Sun S, Wang D, Li Y, Jiang S, Chen Z. Probing the Surface Hydration of Nonfouling Zwitterionic and PEG Materials in Contact with Proteins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:16881-8. [PMID: 26159055 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic polymers and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) have been reported as promising nonfouling materials, and strong surface hydration has been proposed as a significant contributor to the nonfouling mechanism. Better understanding of the similarity and difference between these two types of materials in terms of hydration and protein interaction will benefit the design of new and effective nonfouling materials. In this study, sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy was applied for in situ and real-time assessment of the surface hydration of the sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA) polymer brushes, denoted as pSBMA and pOEGMA, in contact with proteins. Whereas a majority of strongly hydrogen-bonded water was observed at both pSBMA and pOEGMA surfaces, upon contact with proteins, the surface hydration of pSBMA remained unaffected, but the water ordering at the pOEGMA surface was disturbed. The effects of free sulfobetaine, free PEG chains with two different molecular weights, and PEG coated gold nanoparticles on the surface hydration of proteins were investigated. The results indicated that free sulfobetaine could strengthen the protein hydration layer, but free PEG chains greatly disrupt the protein hydration layer and likely directly interact with the protein molecules. In contrast to free PEG, the PEG chains anchored on the nanoparticles behave similarly to the pOEGMA surface and could induce strong hydrogen bonding of the water molecules at the protein surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Leng
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hsiang-Chieh Hung
- ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Shuwen Sun
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Dayang Wang
- §Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Yuting Li
- ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Shaoyi Jiang
- ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Zhan Chen
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Galvin CJ, Bain ED, Henke A, Genzer J. Instability of Surface-Grafted Weak Polyacid Brushes on Flat Substrates. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Casey J. Galvin
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Okinawa
Institute of Science Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0497 Japan
| | - Erich D. Bain
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen
Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, United States
| | - Adam Henke
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Utilizing vapor swelling of surface-initiated polymer brushes to develop quantitative measurements of brush thermodynamics and grafting density. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lan T, Torkelson JM. Substantial spatial heterogeneity and tunability of glass transition temperature observed with dense polymer brushes prepared by ARGET ATRP. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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