51
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Wang Y, Bürgi T. Ligand exchange reactions on thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:2710-2727. [PMID: 34046556 PMCID: PMC8130898 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00178g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
As a versatile post-synthesis modification method, ligand exchange reaction exhibits great potential to extend the space of accessible nanoclusters. In this review, we summarized this process for thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters. In order to better understand this reaction we will first provide the necessary background on the synthesis and structure of various gold clusters, such as Au25(SR)18, Au38(SR)24, and Au102(SR)44. The previous investigations illustrated that ligand exchange is enabled by the chemical properties and flexible gold-sulfur interface of nanoclusters. It is generally believed that ligand exchange follows a SN2-like mechanism, which is supported both by experiments and calculations. More interesting, several studies show that ligand exchange takes place at preferred sites, i.e. thiolate groups -SR, on the ligand shell of nanoclusters. With the help of ligand exchange reactions many functionalities could be imparted to gold nanoclusters including the introduced of chirality to achiral nanoclusters, size transformation and phase transfer of nanoclusters, and the addition of fluorescence or biological labels. Ligand exchange was also used to amplify the enantiomeric excess of an intrinsically chiral cluster. Ligand exchange reaction accelerates the prosperity of the nanocluster field, and also extends the diversity of precise nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bürgi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
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52
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Solvent-driven reversible transformation between electrically neutral thiolate protected Ag25 and Ag26 clusters. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9952-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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53
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Han W, Liu P, Zheng M, Zeng XC, Xu WW. Ring Model for Understanding How Interfacial Interaction Dictates the Structures of Protection Motifs and Gold Cores in Thiolate-Protected Gold Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3006-3013. [PMID: 33733772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effect of interfacial interactions between the protection motifs and gold cores on the stabilities of thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters is still a challenging task. Based on analyses of 95 experimentally crystallized and theoretically predicted thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters, we present a ring model to offer a deeper insight into the interfacial interactions for this class of nanoclusters. In the ring model, all the gold nanoclusters can be generically viewed as a fusion or interlocking of several [Aum(SR)n] (m = 4-8, 10, and 12 and 0 ≤ n ≤ m) rings. Guided by the ring model and the grand unified model, a new Au42(SR)26 isomer is predicted, whose total energy is lower than those of two previously crystallized isomers. The ring model offers a mechanistic understanding of the interactions between the protection ligands and gold cores and practical guidance on predicting new gold nanoclusters for future experimental synthesis and confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Han
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Pengye Liu
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mengke Zheng
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Wen Wu Xu
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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54
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He W, Zhou Z, Han Z, Li S, Zhou Z, Ma L, Zang S. Ultrafast Size Expansion and Turn‐On Luminescence of Atomically Precise Silver Clusters by Hydrogen Sulfide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Miao He
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Zhen Han
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Si Li
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 China
| | - Lu‐Fang Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 China
| | - Shuang‐Quan Zang
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
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55
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He W, Zhou Z, Han Z, Li S, Zhou Z, Ma L, Zang S. Ultrafast Size Expansion and Turn‐On Luminescence of Atomically Precise Silver Clusters by Hydrogen Sulfide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8505-8509. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Miao He
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Zhen Han
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Si Li
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 China
| | - Lu‐Fang Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 China
| | - Shuang‐Quan Zang
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
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56
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Kenzler S, Schnepf A. Metalloid gold clusters - past, current and future aspects. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3116-3129. [PMID: 34164079 PMCID: PMC8179421 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05797e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold chemistry and the synthesis of colloidal gold have always caught the attention of scientists. While Faraday was investigating the physical properties of colloidal gold in 1857 without probably knowing anything about the exact structure of the molecules, 150 years later the working group of Kornberg synthesized the first structurally characterized multi-shell metalloid gold cluster with more than 100 Au atoms, Au102(SR)44. After this ground-breaking result, many smaller and bigger metalloid gold clusters have been discovered to gain a better understanding of the formation process and the physical properties. In this review, first of all, a general overview of past investigations is given, leading to metalloid gold clusters with staple motifs in the ligand shell, highlighting structural differences in the cores of these clusters. Afterwards, the influence of the synthetic procedure on the outcome of the reactions is discussed, focusing on recent results from our group. Thereby, newly found structural motifs are taken into account and compared to the existing ones. Finally, a short outlook on possible subsequent reactions of these metalloid gold clusters is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kenzler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 D-72076 Tübingen Germany +49-7071-28-2436 +49-7071-29-76635
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 D-72076 Tübingen Germany +49-7071-28-2436 +49-7071-29-76635
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57
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Lin X, Ma W, Sun K, Sun B, Fu X, Ren X, Liu C, Huang J. [AuAg 26(SR) 18S] - Nanocluster: Open Shell Structure and High Faradaic Efficiency in Electrochemical Reduction of CO 2 to CO. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:552-557. [PMID: 33378198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For atomically precise metal nanoclusters, distinctive molecular architectures and promising applications are urgently required to be intensively explored. Herein, we have first reported the open shell structure of the [AuAg26(S-Adm)18S]- nanocluster and its application in the electrochemical reduction of CO2. The X-ray crystal structure of the AuAg26 nanocluster is composed of a AuAg12 icosahedron kernel and a Ag14(SR)18S open shell. The shell includes a Ag6(SR)3S, a Ag5(SR)6, and three Ag(SR)3 motifs. It is the first time twisty propeller-like Ag5(SR)6 and trefoil-like Ag6(SR)3S motifs in metal nanoclusters have been observed. Due to the novel open shell configuration of Ag14(SR)18S, four triangular facets of the kernel are exposed. The AuAg26 nanocluster shows excellent catalytic activity in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO. The Faradaic efficiency of CO is up to 98.4% under -0.97 V. The electrochemical in situ infrared study and DFT calculations demonstrate that the open shell structure of the AuAg26 nanocluster is beneficial to the forming of intermediate COOH* in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhang Lin
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiguang Ma
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Keju Sun
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Xuemei Fu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiuqing Ren
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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58
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Li Q, Yang S, Chen T, Jin S, Chai J, Zhang H, Zhu M. Structure determination of a metastable Au 22(SAdm) 16 nanocluster and its spontaneous transformation into Au 21(SAdm) 15. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:23694-23699. [PMID: 33226059 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07124b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is of great interest to investigate the evolution pattern of gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) due to its significance in understanding the growth mechanism and origin of Au NCs. Capture of metastable cluster intermediates is an effective way to meet this demand since they provide valuable information for understanding the conversion pathway of Au NCs. However, it is still challenging to obtain metastable Au NCs, especially thiol-protected Au NCs, and solve their structures. In this work, a metastable thiol-protected gold nanocluster, Au22(SAdm)16 (Au22), was synthesized and its structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Au22 shows a close structure-evolution correlation with Au21(SAdm)15 (Au21). The symmetric Au10 kernel of Au21 is twisted by the insertion of an additional Au-SR unit on the motif during its structure evolution into Au22. The distortion in structures results in significantly distinguishing absorption and emission spectra between Au22 and Au21. Noteworthily, the structure correlation between Au22 and Au21 was also found experimentally that Au22 can spontaneously transform into Au21 due to the metastability of Au22 in solution. This size conversion process was monitored by time-dependent UV-vis spectroscopy and ESI-MS. Furthermore, the solvent effect on the size conversion process was also investigated. This transformation from Au22 to Au21 provides a unique platform for studies on the evolution pattern of gold nanoclusters at the single atom level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinzhen Li
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China.
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59
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Hirai H, Ito S, Takano S, Koyasu K, Tsukuda T. Ligand-protected gold/silver superatoms: current status and emerging trends. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12233-12248. [PMID: 34094434 PMCID: PMC8162828 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Monolayer-protected gold/silver clusters have attracted much interest as nano-scale building units for novel functional materials owing to their nonbulk-like structures and size-specific properties. They can be viewed as ligand-protected superatoms because their magic stabilities and fundamental properties are well explained in the framework of the jellium model. In the last decade, the number of ligand-protected superatoms with atomically-defined structures has been increasing rapidly thanks to the well-established synthesis and structural determination by X-ray crystallography. This perspective summarizes the current status and emerging trends in synthesis and characterization of superatoms. The topics related to synthesis include (1) development of targeted synthesis based on transformation, (2) enhancement of robustness and synthetic yield for practical applications, and (3) development of controlled fusion and assembly of well-defined superatoms to create new properties. New characterization approaches are also introduced such as (1) mass spectrometry and laser spectroscopies in the gas phase, (2) determination of static and dynamic structures, and (3) computational analysis by machine learning. Finally, future challenges and prospects are discussed for further promotion and development of materials science of superatoms. This perspective summarizes the current status and emerging trends in synthesis and characterization of ligand-protected gold/silver superatoms.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haru Hirai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shun Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shinjiro Takano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kiichirou Koyasu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan .,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University Katsura Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan .,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University Katsura Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
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60
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Li Y, Higaki T, Du X, Jin R. Chirality and Surface Bonding Correlation in Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905488. [PMID: 32181554 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is ubiquitous in nature and occurs at all length scales. The development of applications for chiral nanostructures is rising rapidly. With the recent achievements of atomically precise nanochemistry, total structures of ligand-protected Au and other metal nanoclusters (NCs) are successfully obtained, and the origins of chirality are discovered to be associated with different parts of the cluster, including the surface ligands (e.g., swirl patterns), the organic-inorganic interface (e.g., helical stripes), and the kernel. Herein, a unified picture of metal-ligand surface bonding-induced chirality for the nanoclusters is proposed. The different bonding modes of M-X (where M = metal and X = the binding atom of ligand) lead to different surface structures on nanoclusters, which in turn give rise to various characteristic features of chirality. A comparison of Au-thiolate NCs with Au-phosphine ones further reveals the important roles of surface bonding. Compared to the Au-thiolate NCs, the Ag/Cu/Cd-thiolate systems exhibit different coordination modes between the metal and the thiolate. Other than thiolate and phosphine ligands, alkynyls are also briefly discussed. Several methods of obtaining chiroptically active nanoclusters are introduced, such as enantioseparation by high-performance liquid chromatography and enantioselective synthesis. Future perspectives on chiral NCs are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Tatsuya Higaki
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xiangsha Du
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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61
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Sakthivel NA, Shabaninezhad M, Sementa L, Yoon B, Stener M, Whetten RL, Ramakrishna G, Fortunelli A, Landman U, Dass A. The Missing Link: Au191(SPh-tBu)66 Janus Nanoparticle with Molecular and Bulk-Metal-like Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15799-15814. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naga Arjun Sakthivel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Masoud Shabaninezhad
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, United States
| | - Luca Sementa
- CNR-ICCOM & IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa I-56124, Italy
| | - Bokwon Yoon
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mauro Stener
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste I-34127, Italy
| | - Robert L. Whetten
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, United States
| | - Guda Ramakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, United States
| | | | - Uzi Landman
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Amala Dass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
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62
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Li J, Wang P, Pei Y. From Monolayer-Protected Gold Cluster to Monolayer-Protected Gold-Sulfide Cluster: Geometrical and Electronic Structure Evolutions of Au 60S n (SR) 36 ( n = 0-12). ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:16901-16911. [PMID: 32685859 PMCID: PMC7366352 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thiolate-monolayer-protected gold clusters are usually formulated as AuNSR[Au(I)-SR] x , where AuN and SR[Au(I)-SR] x (x = 0, 1, 2, ...) are the inner gold core and outer protection motifs, respectively. In this work, we theoretically envision a new family of S-atom-doped thiolate-monolayer-protected gold clusters, namely, Au60S n (SR)36 (n = 0-12). A distinct feature of Au60S n (SR)36 nanoclusters (NCs) is that they show a gradual transition from the monolayer-protected metal NC to the SR[Au(I)-(SR)] x oligomer-protected gold-sulfide cluster with the increase of the number of doping S atoms. The possible formation mechanism of the S-atom-doped thiolate-protected gold cluster is investigated, and the size-dependent stability and electronic and optical absorption properties of Au60S n (SR)36 are explored using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It is found that doping of S atom significantly tails the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap and optical absorption properties of thiolate-protected gold cluster, representing a promising way to fabricate new monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications
of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis
and Application of Hunan Province, Xiangtan
University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications
of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis
and Application of Hunan Province, Xiangtan
University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, China
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications
of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis
and Application of Hunan Province, Xiangtan
University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, China
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63
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Guan ZJ, Hu F, Li JJ, Liu ZR, Wang QM. Homoleptic alkynyl-protected gold nanoclusters with unusual compositions and structures. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:13346-13350. [PMID: 32573630 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02986f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report two novel homoleptic alkynyl-protected gold nanoclusters, which were synthesized by direct reduction of AuC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CR. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis reveals that they have compositions of Au42(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CC6H4-2-CF3)22 (1) and Au50(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C6H4-3-F)26 (2), respectively. Cluster 2 is the first Au50 nanocluster, and the metal-to-ligand ratios of 1 and 2 are different from those of known Aun(SR)m or Aux(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CR)y nanoclusters. In addition, the metal kernels of these two clusters are built up unprecedented units. This work offers further insights into the synthesis of all-alkynyl-protected gold nanoclusters via a direct reduction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China. and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Jiao-Jiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Zi-Rui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China. and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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64
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Zhu GH, Huang WM, Li YY, Wu XH, Niu YY, Zang SQ. Two Nanometer-Sized High-Nuclearity Homometallic Bromide Clusters (M26Br38)12– (M = Cu, Ag): Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Efficient Adsorption Properties. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9579-9586. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gai-Hong Zhu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ming Huang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun-Yin Niu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
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65
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Fu X, Lin X, Ren X, Wu R, Liu C, Huang J. The synthesis and structure of the [PdAu 13(PPh 3) 3(SR) 7] + nanocluster. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:11825-11829. [PMID: 32458944 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01356k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal alloy nanoclusters have attracted increasing attention due to the synergistic effect of the foreign atoms. For the first time the synthesis and crystal structure of the [PdAu13(PPh3)3(SR)7]+ nanocluster is reported. The crystal structure of the nanocluster was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The [PdAu13(PPh3)3(SR)7]+ nanocluster has a concave polyhedron Au9Pd kernel, which looks like a girl dancing ballet. The structure shows that [PdAu13(PPh3)3(SR)7]+ has an open shell. Meanwhile, we also carried out ultraviolet-visible (Uv-vis) absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy to study the optical properties of the [PdAu13(PPh3)3(SR)7]+ nanocluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Fu
- Gold Catalysis Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China. and Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinzhang Lin
- Gold Catalysis Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China. and Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiuqing Ren
- Gold Catalysis Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China. and Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ren'an Wu
- Laboratory of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Technologies, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Gold Catalysis Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China. and Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Gold Catalysis Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China. and Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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66
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Negishi Y, Hashimoto S, Ebina A, Hamada K, Hossain S, Kawawaki T. Atomic-level separation of thiolate-protected metal clusters. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:8017-8039. [PMID: 32207494 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00824a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fine metal clusters have attracted much attention from the viewpoints of both basic and applied science for many years because of their unique physical/chemical properties and functions, which differ from those of bulk metals. Among these materials, thiolate (SR)-protected gold clusters (Aun(SR)m clusters) have been the most studied metal clusters since 2000 because of their ease of synthesis and handling. However, in the early 2000s, it was not easy to isolate these metal clusters. Therefore, high-resolution separation methods were explored, and several atomic-level separation methods, including polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and thin-layer chromatography (TLC), were successively established. These techniques have made it possible to isolate a series of Aun(SR)m clusters, and much knowledge has been obtained on the correlation between the chemical composition and fundamental properties such as the stability, electronic structure, and physical properties of Aun(SR)m clusters. In addition, these high-resolution separation techniques are now also frequently used to evaluate the distribution of the product and to track the reaction process. In this way, high-resolution separation techniques have played an essential role in the study of Aun(SR)m clusters. However, only a few reviews have focused on this work. This review focuses on PAGE, HPLC, and TLC separation techniques, which offer high resolution and repeatability, and summarizes previous studies on the high-resolution separation of Aun(SR)m and related clusters with the purpose of promoting a better understanding of the features and the utility of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
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67
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Elucidating the stability of ligand-protected Au nanoclusters under electrochemical reduction of CO2. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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68
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Yang L, Wang P, Yang Z, Pei Y. Effect of thiolate-ligand passivation on the electronic structure and optical absorption properties of ultrathin one and two-dimensional gold nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:5554-5566. [PMID: 32091523 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06051k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanomaterials, including one-dimensional (1D) gold nanorods (AuNRs) and nanowires (AuNWs) and two-dimensional (2D) gold nanoprisms with a large surface area and stability, have attracted widespread research interest. A large number of experimental and theoretical studies have shown that the properties of low dimensional gold nanomaterials depend on their anisotropic shape. In this work, we theoretically conceived a new type of gold nanomaterial, namely, thiolate (SR) monolayer passivated quasi-1D and quasi-2D gold nanocrystals and infinite superstructures, which were formed by the fusion of seed clusters Au28(SR)20, Au36(SR)24, Au44(SR)28 and Au52(SR)32 or the layer by layer growth of gold atoms along the [100] and/or [010] directions. By means of DFT and TD-DFT calculations, the structure and properties of these model gold nanocrystals and superstructures are studied in depth. It is found that the passivation of the monolayer of thiolate leads to significantly improved near-infrared absorption properties in comparison with the ligand free gold nanocrystals. Upon passivating the thiolate-monolayer, the ultrathin 1D gold nanowire and 2D gold nanosheet demonstrate a metal to semiconductor transition. The novel electronic structures, optical absorption and semiconductor-to-metal transition found in these thiolate-protected low-dimensional gold nanocrystals suggest that the passivation of the SR ligand is a promising way to tailor the properties of gold nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applicationics of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Hunan Province, Xiangtan 411105, China.
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69
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Jin S, Zhou M, Kang X, Li X, Du W, Wei X, Chen S, Wang S, Zhu M. Three‐dimensional Octameric Assembly of Icosahedral M
13
Units in [Au
8
Ag
57
(Dppp)
4
(C
6
H
11
S)
32
Cl
2
]Cl and its [Au
8
Ag
55
(Dppp)
4
(C
6
H
11
S)
34
][BPh
4
]
2
Derivative. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3891-3895. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jin
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Manman Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Xiaowu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Du
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
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70
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Jin S, Zhou M, Kang X, Li X, Du W, Wei X, Chen S, Wang S, Zhu M. Three‐dimensional Octameric Assembly of Icosahedral M
13
Units in [Au
8
Ag
57
(Dppp)
4
(C
6
H
11
S)
32
Cl
2
]Cl and its [Au
8
Ag
55
(Dppp)
4
(C
6
H
11
S)
34
][BPh
4
]
2
Derivative. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jin
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Manman Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Xiaowu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Du
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P. R. China
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71
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Yoshida H, Ehara M, Priyakumar UD, Kawai T, Nakashima T. Enantioseparation and chiral induction in Ag 29 nanoclusters with intrinsic chirality. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2394-2400. [PMID: 34084402 PMCID: PMC8157427 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05299b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The optical activity of a metal nanocluster (NC) is induced either by an asymmetric arrangement of constituents or by a dissymmetric field of a chiral ligand layer. Herein, we unveil the origin of chirality in Ag29 NCs, which is attributed to the intrinsically chiral atomic arrangement. The X-ray crystal structure of a Ag29(BDT)12(TPP)4 NC (BDT: 1,3-benzenedithiol; TPP: triphenylphosphine) manifested the presence of intrinsic chirality in the outer shell capping the icosahedral achiral Ag13 core. The enantiomers of the Ag29(BDT)12(TPP)4 NC are separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a chiral column for the first time, showing mirror-image circular dichroism (CD) spectra. The CD spectra are reproduced by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations based on enantiomeric Ag29 models with achiral 1,3-propanedithiolate ligands. The mechanism of chiral induction in the synthesis of Ag29(DHLA)12 (DHLA: α-dihydrolipoic acid) NCs with a chiral ligand system is further discussed with the aid of DFT calculations. The use of the enantiomeric DHLA ligand preferentially leads to a one-handed atomic arrangement which is more stable than the opposite one, inducing the enantiomeric excess in the population of intrinsically chiral Ag29 NCs with CD activity. Enantioseparation of Ag29 nanoclusters with intrinsic chirality was performed by chiral HPLC, affording a pair of fractions with mirror image CD spectra.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Yoshida
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) Ikoma Nara 630-01921 Japan
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Institute for Molecular Science, Research Center for Computational Science Myodai-ji Okazaki 444-8585 Japan
| | - U Deva Priyakumar
- Centre for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad 500032 India
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) Ikoma Nara 630-01921 Japan
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) Ikoma Nara 630-01921 Japan
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72
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Cowan MJ, Mpourmpakis G. Towards elucidating structure of ligand-protected nanoclusters. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:9191-9202. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01418d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Developing a centralized database for ligand-protected nanoclusters can fuel machine learning and data-science-based approaches towards theoretical structure prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Cowan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Giannis Mpourmpakis
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
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73
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Liu Q, Zhang C, Xu C, Hu S, Cheng L. Prediction of the Au4S crystal via a superatom network model: from clusters to solids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:3921-3926. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06180k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Prediction of the Au4S crystal on the basis of the structural character of the Au22(μ4-S)(SH)12 cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiman Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Chengyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Shuanglin Hu
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Longjiu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials
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74
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Kenzler S, Schrenk C, Schnepf A. Au 54(Et 3P) 18Cl 12: a structurally related cluster to Au 32(Et 3P) 12Cl 8 gives insight into the formation process. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:10765-10771. [PMID: 32626863 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02262d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of Et3PAuCl with NaBH4 in EtOH leads to the metalloid gold cluster Au32(Et3P)12Cl8 (Au32) or Au54(Et3P)18Cl12 (Au54) depending on the work-up procedure of the reaction mixture. The molecular structure of Au54 is determined by X-ray diffraction and can be described as a fusion of two Au32 clusters showing a similar solubility. The metalloid cluster Au54 can be either described by a shell model or as a combination of tetrahedral Au4X units (X = Cl, Et3P); edge and face sharing, whereas tetrahedral Au4 units are a central motif in gold cluster chemistry. This novel Au54 gold cluster gives another unique insight into the formation or decomposition process of metalloid clusters, indicating that Au32 and Au54 form from a single yet unknown cluster source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kenzler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Claudio Schrenk
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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75
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Maity S, Bain D, Patra A. An overview on the current understanding of the photophysical properties of metal nanoclusters and their potential applications. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:22685-22723. [PMID: 31774095 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07963g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photophysics of atomically precise metal nanoclusters (MNCs) is an emerging area of research due to their potential applications in optoelectronics, photovoltaics, sensing, bio-imaging and catalysis. An overview of the recent advances in the photophysical properties of MNCs is presented in this review. To begin with, we illustrate general synthesis methodologies of MNCs using direct reduction, chemical etching, ligand exchange, metal exchange and intercluster reaction. Due to strong quantum confinement, the NCs possess unique electronic properties such as discrete optical absorption, intense photoluminescence (PL), molecular-like electron dynamics and non-linear optical behavior. Discussions have also been carried out to unveil the influence of the core size, nature of ligands, heteroatom doping, and surrounding environments on the optical absorption and photophysical properties of metal clusters. Recent findings reveal that the excited-state dynamics, nonlinear optical properties and aggregation induced emission of metal clusters offer exciting opportunities for potential applications. We discuss briefly about their versatile applications in optoelectronics, sensing, catalysis and bio-imaging. Finally, the future perspective of this research field is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Maity
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Dipankar Bain
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India.
| | - Amitava Patra
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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76
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Hossain S, Imai Y, Suzuki D, Choi W, Chen Z, Suzuki T, Yoshioka M, Kawawaki T, Lee D, Negishi Y. Elucidating ligand effects in thiolate-protected metal clusters using Au 24Pt(TBBT) 18 as a model cluster. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:22089-22098. [PMID: 31720662 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07117b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
2-Phenylethanethiolate (PET) and 4-tert-butylbenzenethiolate (TBBT) are the most frequently used ligands in the study of thiolate (SR)-protected metal clusters. However, the effect of difference in the functional group between these ligands on the fundamental properties of the clusters has not been clarified. We synthesized [Au24Pt(TBBT)18]0, which has the same number of metal atoms, number of ligands, and framework structure as [Au24Pt(PET)18]0, by replacing ligands of [Au24Pt(PET)18]0 with TBBT. It was found that this ligand exchange is reversible unlike the case of other metal-core clusters. A comparison of the geometrical/electronic structure and stability of the clusters between [Au24Pt(PET)18]0 and [Au24Pt(TBBT)18]0 revealed three things with regard to the effect of ligand change from PET to TBBT on [Au24Pt(SR)18]0: (1) the induction of metal-core contraction and Au-S bond elongation, (2) no substantial effect on the HOMO-LUMO gap but a clear difference in optical absorption in the visible region, and (3) the decrease of stabilities against degradation in solution and under laser irradiation. By using these two clusters as model clusters, it is expected that the effects of the structural difference of ligand functional-groups on the physical properties and functions of clusters, such as catalytic ability and photoluminescence, would be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakiat Hossain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
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77
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Du X, Chai J, Yang S, Li Y, Higaki T, Li S, Jin R. Fusion growth patterns in atomically precise metal nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19158-19165. [PMID: 31509143 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05789g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atomically precise nanoclusters of coinage metals in the 1-3 nm size regime have been intensively pursued in recent years. Such nanoclusters are attractive as they fill the gap between small molecules (<1 nm) and regular nanoparticles (>3 nm). This intermediate identity endows nanoclusters with unique physicochemical properties and provides nanochemists opportunities to understand the fundamental science of nanomaterials. Metal nanoparticles are well known to exhibit plasmon resonances upon interaction with light; however, when the particle size is downscaled to the nanocluster regime, the plasmons fade out and step-like absorption spectra characteristic of cluster sizes are manifested due to strong quantum confinement effects. Recent research has revealed that nanoclusters are commonly composed of a distinctive kernel and a surface-protecting shell (or staple-like metal-ligand motifs). Understanding the kernel configuration and evolution is one of the central topics in nanoscience research. This Review summarizes the recent progress in identifying the growth patterns of atomically precise coinage nanoclusters. Several basic kernel units have been observed, such as the M4, M13 and M14 polyhedrons (where, M = metal atom). Among them, the tetrahedral M4 and icosahedral M13 units are the most common ones, which are adopted as building blocks to construct larger kernel structures via various fusion or aggregation modes, including the vertex- and face-sharing mode, the double-strand and alternate single-strand growth, and cyclic fusion of units, as well as the fcc-based cubic growth pattern. The identification of the kernel growth pathways has led to deeper understanding of the evolution of electronic structure and optic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsha Du
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Jinsong Chai
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Sha Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Yingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Tatsuya Higaki
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Site Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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78
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Ito S, Takano S, Tsukuda T. Alkynyl-Protected Au 22(C≡CR) 18 Clusters Featuring New Interfacial Motifs and R-Dependent Photoluminescence. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6892-6896. [PMID: 31633936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of homoleptic alkynyl-protected gold clusters Au22(C≡CR)18 were newly synthesized using 3-ethynylthiophene (ETP-H), phenylacetylene (PA-H), 3-ethynyltoluene (ET-H), and 3-ethynylanisole (EA-H). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis on Au22(ETP)18 revealed that a bitetrahedral Au7 core is protected by novel Au3(ETP)4 oligomers and a Au6(ETP)6 ring, composed of R-C≡C-Au(I)-C≡C-R units bridged by π-Au-π bonds. UV-visible and 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed that the R groups did not affect the geometric and electronic structures of Au22(C≡CR)18, whereas the photoluminescence quantum yield was dependent on the R group and showed the highest value of 4.6% when R = Ph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Shinjiro Takano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB) , Kyoto University , Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520 , Japan
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79
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Weerawardene KLDM, Pandeya P, Zhou M, Chen Y, Jin R, Aikens CM. Luminescence and Electron Dynamics in Atomically Precise Nanoclusters with Eight Superatomic Electrons. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18715-18726. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pratima Pandeya
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Christine M. Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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80
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Kuda-Singappulige GU, Aikens CM. Geometrical and Electronic Structure, Stability, and Optical Absorption Spectra Comparisons between Thiolate- and Chloride-Stabilized Gold Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9712-9720. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine M. Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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81
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Nikitina NA, Pichugina DA, Kuz’menko NE. Simulation of CO Oxidation in the Presence of Cyclic Gold Thiolate Complexes: The Effect of a Ligand. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158419050033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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82
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Kang X, Zhu M. Metal Nanoclusters Stabilized by Selenol Ligands. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902703. [PMID: 31482648 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed great advances in controllable synthesis, structure determination, and property investigation of metal nanoclusters. Selenolated nanoclusters, a special branch in the nanocluster family, have attracted great interest in these years. The electronegativity and atomic radius of selenium is different from sulfur, and thus the selenolated nanoclusters are anticipated to display different electronic/geometric structures and distinct chemical/physical properties relative to their thiolated analogues. This review covers the syntheses, structures, and properties of selenolated nanoclusters (including Au, Ag, Cu, and alloy nanoclusters). Ligand effects (between SeR and SR) on nanocluster properties, including optical absorption, stability, and electrochemical properties, are disclosed as well. At the end of the review, a scope for improvements and future perspectives of selenolated nanoclusters is highlighted. The review hopefully opens up new horizons for cluster scientists to synthesize more selenolated nanoclusters with novel structures and properties. This review is based on publications available up to May 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
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83
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Senanayake RD, Aikens CM. Theoretical investigation of relaxation dynamics in the Au18(SH)14 thiolate-protected gold nanocluster. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:094702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5116902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine M. Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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84
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Zeng C, Weitz A, Withers G, Higaki T, Zhao S, Chen Y, Gil RR, Hendrich M, Jin R. Controlling magnetism of Au 133(TBBT) 52 nanoclusters at single electron level and implication for nonmetal to metal transition. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9684-9691. [PMID: 32015802 PMCID: PMC6977549 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02736j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The [Au133(SR)52]q nanocluster is discovered to possess one spin per particle when q = 0, but no unpaired electron when q = +1.
The transition from the discrete, excitonic state to the continuous, metallic state in thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters is of fundamental interest and has attracted significant efforts in recent research. Compared with optical and electronic transition behavior, the transition in magnetism from the atomic gold paramagnetism (Au 6s1) to the band behavior is less studied. In this work, the magnetic properties of 1.7 nm [Au133(TBBT)52]0 nanoclusters (where TBBT = 4-tert-butylbenzenethiolate) with 81 nominal “valence electrons” are investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Quantitative EPR analysis shows that each cluster possesses one unpaired electron (spin), indicating that the electrons fill into discrete orbitals instead of a continuous band, for that one electron in the band would give a much smaller magnetic moment. Therefore, [Au133(TBBT)52]0 possesses a nonmetallic electronic structure. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the unpaired spin can be removed by oxidizing [Au133(TBBT)52]0 to [Au133(TBBT)52]+ and the nanocluster transforms from paramagnetism to diamagnetism accordingly. The UV-vis absorption spectra remain the same in the process of single-electron loss or addition. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is applied to probe the charge and magnetic states of Au133(TBBT)52, and the chemical shifts of 52 surface TBBT ligands are found to be affected by the spin in the gold core. The NMR spectrum of Au133(TBBT)52 shows a 13-fold splitting with 4-fold degeneracy of 52 TBBT ligands, which are correlated to the quasi-D2 symmetry of the ligand shell. Overall, this work provides important insights into the electronic structure of Au133(TBBT)52 by combining EPR, optical and NMR studies, which will pave the way for further understanding of the transition behavior in metal nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Zeng
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Ave , Pittsburgh , PA , USA . ;
| | - Andrew Weitz
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Ave , Pittsburgh , PA , USA . ;
| | - Gayathri Withers
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Ave , Pittsburgh , PA , USA . ;
| | - Tatsuya Higaki
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Ave , Pittsburgh , PA , USA . ;
| | - Shuo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Ave , Pittsburgh , PA , USA . ;
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Ave , Pittsburgh , PA , USA . ;
| | - Roberto R Gil
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Ave , Pittsburgh , PA , USA . ;
| | - Michael Hendrich
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Ave , Pittsburgh , PA , USA . ;
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Ave , Pittsburgh , PA , USA . ;
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85
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Krishnadas KR, Natarajan G, Baksi A, Ghosh A, Khatun E, Pradeep T. Metal-Ligand Interface in the Chemical Reactions of Ligand-Protected Noble Metal Clusters. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:11243-11254. [PMID: 30521344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the role of the metal-ligand (M-L) interfaces in the chemistry of ligand-protected, atomically precise noble metal clusters, a new and expanding family of nanosystems, in solution as well as in the gas phase. A few possible mechanisms by which the structure and dynamics of M-L interfaces could trigger intercluster exchange reactions are presented first. How interparticle chemistry can be a potential mechanism of Ostwald ripening, a well-known particle coarsening process, is also discussed. The reaction of Ag59(2,5-DCBT)32 (DCBT = dichlorobenzenethiol) with 2,4-DCBT leading to the formation of Ag44(2,4-DCBT)30 is presented, demonstrating the influence of the ligand structure in ligand-induced chemical transformations of clusters. We also discuss the structural isomerism of clusters such as Ag44(SR)30 (-SR = alkyl/aryl thiolate) in the gas phase wherein the occurrence of isomerism is attributed to the structural rearrangements in the M-L bonding network. Interfacial bonding between Au25(SR)18 clusters leading to the formation of cluster dimers and trimers is also discussed. Finally, we show that the desorption of phosphine and hydride ligands on a silver cluster, [Ag18(TPP)10H16]2+ (TPP = triphenylphosphine) in the gas phase, leads to the formation of a naked silver cluster of precise nuclearity, such as Ag17+. We demonstrate that the nature of the M-L interfaces, i.e., the oxidation state of metal atoms, structure of the ligand, M-L bonding network, and so forth, plays a key role in the chemical reactivity of clusters. The structure, dynamics, and chemical reactivity of nanosystems in general are to be explored together to obtain new insights into their emerging science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaranchira Ramankutty Krishnadas
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE) , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600 036 , India
| | - Ganapati Natarajan
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE) , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600 036 , India
| | - Ananya Baksi
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE) , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600 036 , India
| | - Atanu Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE) , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600 036 , India
| | - Esma Khatun
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE) , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600 036 , India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE) , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600 036 , India
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86
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George A, Sundar A, Nair AS, Maman MP, Pathak B, Ramanan N, Mandal S. Identification of Intermediate Au 22(SR) 4(SR') 14 Cluster on Ligand-Induced Transformation of Au 25(SR) 18 Nanocluster. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4571-4576. [PMID: 31339731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the ligand-exchange-induced transformation from an icosahedral Au25(SR)18 cluster (where SR = 2-phenylethanethiol (PET)) to a bitetrahedral Au22(SR)4(SR')14 cluster (where SR' = 4-tert-butylbenzenethiol (TBBT)). This partial exchange of the ligands was achieved by controlling the concentration of the incoming TBBT ligand. Being a bulky and aromatic ligand, TBBT can efficiently distort the atomic structure of the Au25PET18 cluster, resulting in Au22(PET)4(TBBT)14, which is highly stable and considered to be an intermediate with a bitetrahedral structure. Time-dependent mass spectrometry and optical spectroscopy revealed the dissociation of the parent cluster and gave a deep insight on the ligand-exchange mechanism. Theoretical calculations and extended X-ray absorption fine structure studies confirm the formation of the Au22 structure. Identifying the atomic structure of the intermediate species opens a new avenue to study the transformation of one cluster to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu George
- School of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram , Maruthamala PO, Trivandrum 695551 , India
| | - Anusree Sundar
- School of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram , Maruthamala PO, Trivandrum 695551 , India
| | - Akhil S Nair
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences , Indian Institute of Technology , Indore 453552 , India
| | - Manju P Maman
- School of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram , Maruthamala PO, Trivandrum 695551 , India
| | - Biswarup Pathak
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences , Indian Institute of Technology , Indore 453552 , India
| | - Nitya Ramanan
- Alba Synchrotron , Carrer delallum 2-26 , Cerdanyola del valles, 08290 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- School of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram , Maruthamala PO, Trivandrum 695551 , India
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87
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Tian Z, Xu Y, Cheng L. New Perspectives on the Electronic and Geometric Structure of Au 70S 20(PPh 3) 12 Cluster: Superatomic-Network Core Protected by Novel Au 12(µ 3-S) 10 Staple Motifs. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1132. [PMID: 31390811 PMCID: PMC6722785 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to increase the understanding of the recently synthesized Au70S20(PPh3)12 cluster, we used the divide and protect concept and superatom network model (SAN) to study the electronic and geometric of the cluster. According to the experimental coordinates of the cluster, the study of Au70S20(PPh3)12 cluster was carried out using density functional theory calculations. Based on the superatom complex (SAC) model, the number of the valence electrons of the cluster is 30. It is not the number of valence electrons satisfied for a magic cluster. According to the concept of divide and protect, Au70S20(PPh3)12 cluster can be viewed as Au-core protected by various staple motifs. On the basis of SAN model, the Au-core is composed of a union of 2e-superatoms, and 2e-superatoms can be Au3, Au4, Au5, or Au6. Au70S20(PPh3)12 cluster should contain fifteen 2e-superatoms on the basis of SAN model. On analyzing the chemical bonding features of Au70S20(PPh3)12, we showed that the electronic structure of it has a network of fifteen 2e-superatoms, abbreviated as 15 × 2e SAN. On the basis of the divide and protect concept, Au70S20(PPh3)12 cluster can be viewed as Au4616+[Au12(µ3-S)108-]2[PPh3]12. The Au4616+ core is composed of one Au2212+ innermost core and ten surrounding 2e-Au4 superatoms. The Au2212+ innermost core can either be viewed as a network of five 2e-Au6 superatoms, or be considered as a 10e-superatomic molecule. This new segmentation method can properly explain the structure and stability of Au70S20(PPh3)12 cluster. A novel extended staple motif [Au12(µ3-S)10]8- was discovered, which is a half-cage with ten µ3-S units and six teeth. The six teeth staple motif enriches the family of staple motifs in ligand-protected Au clusters. Au70S20(PPh3)12 cluster derives its stability from SAN model and aurophilic interactions. Inspired by the half-cage motif, we design three core-in-cage clusters with cage staple motifs, Cu6@Au12(μ3-S)8, Ag6@Au12(μ3-S)8 and Au6@Au12(μ3-S)8, which exhibit high thermostability and may be synthesized in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, Anhui, China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- School of Social and Public Administration, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Longjiu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.
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88
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Omoda T, Takano S, Tsukuda T. Reduction-resistant [Au25(cyclohexanethiolate)18]0 with an Icosahedral Au13 Core. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Omoda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Takano
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
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89
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Gunawardene PN, Corrigan JF, Workentin MS. Golden Opportunity: A Clickable Azide-Functionalized [Au25(SR)18]− Nanocluster Platform for Interfacial Surface Modifications. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11781-11785. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen N. Gunawardene
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - John F. Corrigan
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Mark S. Workentin
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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90
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Du Y, Sheng H, Astruc D, Zhu M. Atomically Precise Noble Metal Nanoclusters as Efficient Catalysts: A Bridge between Structure and Properties. Chem Rev 2019; 120:526-622. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 526] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Du
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Hongting Sheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Didier Astruc
- Université de Bordeaux, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, Talence 33405 Cedex, France
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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91
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Niihori Y, Yoshida K, Hossain S, Kurashige W, Negishi Y. Deepening the Understanding of Thiolate-Protected Metal Clusters Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Niihori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kana Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Sakiat Hossain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Wataru Kurashige
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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92
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Pei Y, Wang P, Ma Z, Xiong L. Growth-Rule-Guided Structural Exploration of Thiolate-Protected Gold Nanoclusters. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:23-33. [PMID: 30548076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the structure and structure-property relationship of atomic and ligated clusters is one of the central research tasks in the field of cluster research. In chemistry, empirical rules such as the polyhedral skeleton electron pair theory (PSEPT) approach had been outlined to account for skeleton structures of many main-group atomic and ligand-protected transition metal clusters. Nonetheless, because of the diversity of cluster structures and compositions, no uniform structural and electronic rule is available for various cluster compounds. Exploring new cluster structures and their evolution is a hot topic in the field of cluster research for both experiment and theory. In this Account, we introduce our recent progress in the theoretical exploration of structures and evolution patterns of a class of atomically precise thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters using density functional theory computations. Unlike the conventional ligand-protected transition metal compounds, the thiolate-protected gold clusters demonstrate novel metal core/ligand shell interfacial structures in which the Au m(SR) n clusters can be divided into an ordered Au(0) core and a group of oligomeric SR[Au(SR)] x ( x = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...) protection motifs. Guided by this "inherent structure rule", we have devised theoretical methods to rapidly explore cluster structures that do not necessarily require laborious global potential energy surface searches. The structural predictions of Au38(SR)24, Au24(SR)20, and Au44(SR)28 nanoclusters were completely or partially verified by the later X-ray crystallography studies. On the basis of the analysis of cluster structures determined by X-ray crystallography and theoretical prediction, a structural evolution diagram for the face-centered-cubic (fcc)-type Au m(SR) n clusters with m up to 92 has been preliminarily established. The structural evolution diagram indicates some basic structural and electronic evolution patterns of thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters. The fcc Au m(SR) n clusters show a genetic structural evolution pattern in which each step of cluster size increase results in the formation of another Au4 tetrahedron or Au3 triangle unit in the Au core, and every increase of a structural unit in the Au core leads to an increase of two electrons in the whole cluster. The unique one- or two-dimensional cluster size evolution, the isomerism of the Au-S framework, and the formation of a double-helical and cyclic tetrahedron network in the fcc Au m(SR) n clusters all can be addressed from this evolution pattern. The summarized cluster structural evolution diagrams enable us to further explore more stable cluster structures and understand their structure-electronic structure-property relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Pei
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Zhongyun Ma
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Lin Xiong
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
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93
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Cowan MJ, Mpourmpakis G. Structure-property relationships on thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:184-188. [PMID: 36132447 PMCID: PMC9473222 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00246k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery, thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters (Au n (SR) m ) have garnered a lot of interest due to their fascinating properties and "magic-number" stability. However, models describing the thermodynamic stability and electronic properties of these nanostructures as a function of their size are missing in the literature. Herein, we employ first principles calculations to rationalize the stability of fifteen experimentally determined gold nanoclusters in conjunction with a recently developed thermodynamic stability theory on small Au nanoclusters (≤102 Au atoms). Our results demonstrate that the thermodynamic stability theory can capture the stability of large, atomically precise nanoclusters, Au279(SR)84, Au246(SR)80, and Au146(SR)57, suggesting its applicability over larger cluster size regimes than its original development. Importantly, we develop structure-property relationships on Au nanoclusters, connecting their ionization potential and electron affinity to the number of gold atoms within the nanocluster. Altogether, a computational scheme is described that can aid experimental efforts towards a property-specific, targeted synthesis of gold nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Cowan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
| | - Giannis Mpourmpakis
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
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94
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95
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Wang Y, Nieto-Ortega B, Bürgi T. Transformation from [Au25(SCH2CH2CH2CH3)18]0 to Au28(SCH2CH(CH3)Ph)21 gold nanoclusters: gentle conditions is enough. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14914-14917. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08872e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the transformation of [Au25(SR)18]0 into Au28(SR)21 induced by ligand exchange reaction under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Département de Chimie Physique
- Université de Genève
- 1211 Genève 4
- Switzerland
| | - Belén Nieto-Ortega
- Département de Chimie Physique
- Université de Genève
- 1211 Genève 4
- Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bürgi
- Département de Chimie Physique
- Université de Genève
- 1211 Genève 4
- Switzerland
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96
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Xu WW, Zeng XC, Gao Y. Application of Electronic Counting Rules for Ligand-Protected Gold Nanoclusters. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:2739-2747. [PMID: 30289239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding special stability of numerous ligand-protected gold nanoclusters has always been an active area of research. In the past few decades, several theoretical models, including the polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory (PSEPT), superatom complex (SAC), and superatom network (SAN), among others, have been developed for better understanding the stabilities and structures of selected ligand-protected gold nanoclusters. This Account overviews the recently proposed grand unified model (GUM) to offer some new insights into the structures and growth mechanism of nearly all crystallized and predicted ligand-protected gold nanoclusters. The main conceptual advancement of the GUM is identification of the duet and octet rules on the basis of the "big data" of 70+ reported ligand-protected gold nanoclusters. According to the two empirical rules, the cores of the gold nanoclusters can be regarded as being composed of two kinds of elementary blocks (namely, triangle Au3 and tetrahedron Au4), each having 2 e closed-shell valence electrons (referred as Au3(2 e) and Au4(2 e)), as well as the secondary block (icosahedron Au13) with 8 e closed-shell valence electrons (referred as Au13(8 e)). The two elementary blocks (Au3(2 e) and Au4(2 e)) and the secondary block (Au13(8 e)), from electron counting point of view, can be regarded as an analogy of the highly stable noble-gas atoms of He and Ne, respectively. In each elementary block, the Au atoms exhibit three different valence-electron states (i.e., 1 e, 0.5 e, and 0 e), depending on the type of ligands bonded with these Au atoms. Such three valence-electron states are coined as three "flavors" of gold (namely, bottom, middle, and top "flavor"), a term borrowed from the quark model in the particle physics. Upon application of the duet and octet rules with accounting the three valence states of gold atoms, the Au3(2 e), Au4(2 e), and Au13(8 e) blocks can exhibit 10 (denoted as Δ1-Δ10), 15 (denoted as T1-T15), and 91 (denoted as I1-I91) variants of valence states, respectively. When packing these blocks (with distinct electronic states) together, it forms the gold core of ligand-protected gold nanocluster. As such, the special stabilities of the ligand-protected gold nanoclusters are explained based on the local stability of each block. With GUM, rich and complex structures of ligand-protected gold nanoclusters have been analyzed through structure anatomy. Moreover, the growth of these clusters can be simply viewed as sequential addition of the blocks, rather than as addition of the gold atoms. Another useful application of the GUM is to analyze the structural isomerism. The three types of isomerism for the gold nanoclusters, i.e., core, staple, and complex isomerism, can be considered as an analogy of chain, point, and functional isomerism (known in organic chemistry), respectively. GUM can be applied to predict new clusters, thereby guiding experimental synthesis. Indeed, a number of ligand-protected gold nanoclusters with high stabilities were rationally designed based on the GUM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wu Xu
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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97
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Synthesis and characterization of size-controlled atomically precise gold clusters. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2017-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIn this article, synthetic strategies and characterization methodologies of atomically precise gold clusters have been summarized. The typical and effective synthetic strategies including a systematic “size-focusing” methodology has been developed for attaining atomically precise gold clusters with size control. Another universal synthetic methodology is ligand exchange-induced size/structure transformation (LEIST) based on from one stable size to another. These two methodologies have largely expanded the “universe” of atomically precise gold clusters. Elite of typical synthetic case studies of ligand protected gold clusters are presented. Important characterization techniques of these atomically precise gold clusters also are included. The identification and characterization of gold clusters have been achieved in terms of nuclearity (size), molecular formulation, and geometrical structures by the combination of these techniques. The determination of gold cluster structure based on single crystals is of paramount importance in understanding the relationship of structure–property. The criterion and selection of these typical gold clusters are all “strictly” atomically precise that all have been determined ubiquitously by single crystal diffraction. These related crystallographic data are retrieved from Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC) up to 30th November 2017. Meanwhile, the cutting edge and other important characterization methodologies including electron diffraction (ED), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXFAS), and synchrotron sources are briefly reviewed. The new techniques hold the promise of pushing the limits of crystallization of gold clusters. This article is not just an exhaustive and up to date review, generally summarized synthetic strategies, but also a practical guide regarding gold cluster synthesis. We called it a “Cookbook” of ligand protected gold clusters, including synthetic recipes and characterization details.Graphical Abstract:
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98
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Chiriki S, Jindal S, Singh P, Bulusu SS. Correlation of structure with UV-visible spectra by varying SH composition in Au-SH nanoclusters. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:074307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5031478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Siva Chiriki
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Shweta Jindal
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Priya Singh
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Satya S. Bulusu
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
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99
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Sakthivel NA, Dass A. Aromatic Thiolate-Protected Series of Gold Nanomolecules and a Contrary Structural Trend in Size Evolution. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1774-1783. [PMID: 30027733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thiolate-protected gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are a special class of nanomaterials that form atomically precise NPs with distinct numbers of Au atoms ( n) and thiolate (-SR, R = hydrocarbon tail) ligands ( m) with molecular formula [Au n(SR) m]. These are generally termed Au nanomolecules (AuNMs), nanoclusters, and nanocrystals. AuNMs offer atomic precision in size, which is desired to underpin the rules governing the nanoscale regime and factors affecting the unique properties conferred by quantum confinement. Research since the 1990s has established the molecular nature of these compounds and investigated their unique size-dependent optical and electrochemical properties. Pioneering work in X-ray crystallography of Au102(SC6H4COOH)44 and Au25(SC2H4Ph)18- revolutionized the field by providing significant insight into the structural assembly of AuNMs and surface protection modes. Recent discoveries involving bulky and rigid ligands to favor crystal growth as a solution to the nanostructure problem have led to crystal structure determinations of several AuNMs ( n = 18 to 279). However, there are several open questions, such as the following: How does the structure evolve with size? Does the atomic structure determine the properties? What determines the atomic structure? What factors govern the stability: geometry or electronic properties or ligands? Where does the molecule-to-metal transition occur? Answering these questions requires the elucidation of governing rules in the nanoscale regime. In this Account, we discuss patterns and trends observed in structures, growth, and surface protection modes of 4- tert-butylbenzenethiolate (TBBT)-protected AuNMs and others to answer some of the important open questions. The TBBT series of AuNMs comprises Au28(SR)20, Au36(SR)24, Au44(SR)28, Au52(SR)32, Au92(SR)44, Au133(SR)52, and Au279(SR)84, where Au28 to Au133 are molecule-like with discrete electronic structures and Au279 exhibits metal-like properties with a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at 510 nm. The TBBT series of AuNMs have dihedral symmetry, except for Au133(SR)52, which has no symmetry. We synthesize the scaling law and the rules of surface assembly, one-, two-, and three-dimensional growth patterns, the structural evolution trend, and an overarching trend for diverse types of thiolate-protected AuNMs. This Account sheds light on a new perspective in structural evolution for the TBBT series based on observations, namely, face-centered cubic (FCC) to decahedral to icosahedral to FCC, which contrasts with the contemporary understanding of the structural evolution of naked metal clusters (NMCs) from icosahedral to decahedral to FCC. We also hope that this Account will be of pedagogical value and spur further experimental and computational studies on this wide range of structures to delineate the underlying stability factors in the magic series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Arjun Sakthivel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Amala Dass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
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100
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Zeng CJ, Zhou M, Gayathri C, Gil RR, Sfeir MY, Jin R. Au10(TBBT)10: The beginning and the end of Aun(TBBT)m nanoclusters. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/31/cjcp1806141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-jie Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Chakicherla Gayathri
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Roberto R. Gil
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Matthew Y. Sfeir
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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