51
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Chalkley MJ, Drover MW, Peters JC. Catalytic N 2-to-NH 3 (or -N 2H 4) Conversion by Well-Defined Molecular Coordination Complexes. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5582-5636. [PMID: 32352271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation, the six-electron/six-proton reduction of N2, to give NH3, is one of the most challenging and important chemical transformations. Notwithstanding the barriers associated with this reaction, significant progress has been made in developing molecular complexes that reduce N2 into its bioavailable form, NH3. This progress is driven by the dual aims of better understanding biological nitrogenases and improving upon industrial nitrogen fixation. In this review, we highlight both mechanistic understanding of nitrogen fixation that has been developed, as well as advances in yields, efficiencies, and rates that make molecular alternatives to nitrogen fixation increasingly appealing. We begin with a historical discussion of N2 functionalization chemistry that traverses a timeline of events leading up to the discovery of the first bona fide molecular catalyst system and follow with a comprehensive overview of d-block compounds that have been targeted as catalysts up to and including 2019. We end with a summary of lessons learned from this significant research effort and last offer a discussion of key remaining challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Chalkley
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Marcus W Drover
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jonas C Peters
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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52
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Arnett CH, Agapie T. Activation of an Open Shell, Carbyne-Bridged Diiron Complex Toward Binding of Dinitrogen. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10059-10068. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles H. Arnett
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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53
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Nickel (II) and cobalt (II) complexes with bidentate nitrogen-sulfur donor pyrazole derivative ligands: Syntheses, characterization, X-ray structure, electrochemical studies, and antibacterial activity. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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54
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Mo Z, Shima T, Hou Z. Synthesis and Diverse Transformations of a Dinitrogen Dititanium Hydride Complex Bearing Rigid Acridane‐Based PNP‐Pincer Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8635-8644. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Mo
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Takanori Shima
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
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55
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Mo Z, Shima T, Hou Z. Synthesis and Diverse Transformations of a Dinitrogen Dititanium Hydride Complex Bearing Rigid Acridane‐Based PNP‐Pincer Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Mo
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Takanori Shima
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
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56
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Seefeldt LC, Yang ZY, Lukoyanov DA, Harris DF, Dean DR, Raugei S, Hoffman BM. Reduction of Substrates by Nitrogenases. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5082-5106. [PMID: 32176472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogenase is the enzyme that catalyzes biological N2 reduction to NH3. This enzyme achieves an impressive rate enhancement over the uncatalyzed reaction. Given the high demand for N2 fixation to support food and chemical production and the heavy reliance of the industrial Haber-Bosch nitrogen fixation reaction on fossil fuels, there is a strong need to elucidate how nitrogenase achieves this difficult reaction under benign conditions as a means of informing the design of next generation synthetic catalysts. This Review summarizes recent progress in addressing how nitrogenase catalyzes the reduction of an array of substrates. New insights into the mechanism of N2 and proton reduction are first considered. This is followed by a summary of recent gains in understanding the reduction of a number of other nitrogenous compounds not considered to be physiological substrates. Progress in understanding the reduction of a wide range of C-based substrates, including CO and CO2, is also discussed, and remaining challenges in understanding nitrogenase substrate reduction are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance C Seefeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Zhi-Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Dmitriy A Lukoyanov
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Derek F Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Dennis R Dean
- Biochemistry Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Simone Raugei
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Brian M Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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57
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Su L, Yang D, Wang B, Qu J. Catalytic disproportionation of hydrazine by thiolate-bridged diiron complexes. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.107735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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58
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Li J, Liu P, Tang Y, Huang H, Cui H, Mei D, Zhong C. Single-Atom Pt–N3 Sites on the Stable Covalent Triazine Framework Nanosheets for Photocatalytic N2 Fixation. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhe Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, P. R. China
| | - Donghai Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Chongli Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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59
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Shupp JP, Rose MJ. Facile hydrogen atom abstraction and sulfide formation in a methyl-thiolate capped iron–sulfur–carbonyl cluster. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:23-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04098f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SAM mediated methyl transfer and subsequent hydrogen atom abstraction are key steps in the biogenesis of nitrogenase. A model system was utilized to demonstrate facile C–H abstraction from a methyl-thiolate containing iron–sulfur cluster with TEMPO.
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60
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Nagelski AL, Fataftah MS, Bollmeyer MM, McWilliams SF, MacMillan SN, Mercado BQ, Lancaster KM, Holland PL. The influences of carbon donor ligands on biomimetic multi-iron complexes for N 2 reduction. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12710-12720. [PMID: 34094466 PMCID: PMC8163302 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03447a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The active site clusters of nitrogenase enzymes possess the only examples of carbides in biology. These are the only biological FeS clusters that are capable of reducing N2 to NH4+, implicating the central carbon and its interaction with Fe as important in the mechanism of N2 reduction. This biological question motivates study of the influence of carbon donors on the electronic structure and reactivity of unsaturated, high-spin iron centers. Here, we present functional and structural models that test the impacts of carbon donors and sulfide donors in simpler iron compounds. We report the first example of a diiron complex that is bridged by an alkylidene and a sulfide, which serves as a high-fidelity structural and spectroscopic model of a two-iron portion of the active-site cluster (FeMoco) in the resting state of Mo-nitrogenase. The model complexes have antiferromagnetically coupled pairs of high-spin iron centers, and sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy shows comparable covalency of the sulfide for C and S bridged species. The sulfur-bridged compound does not interact with N2 even upon reduction, but upon removal of the sulfide it becomes capable of reducing N2 to NH4+ with the addition of protons and electrons. This provides synthetic support for sulfide extrusion in the activation of nitrogenase cofactors. High-spin diiron alkylidenes give insight into the electronic structure and functional relevance of carbon in the FeMoco active site of nitrogenase.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melissa M. Bollmeyer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Baker Laboratory
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | | | - Samantha N. MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Baker Laboratory
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | | | - Kyle M. Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Baker Laboratory
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
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61
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Castellano-Varona B, Harb M, Araña J, Cavallo L, Azofra LM. In silico design of novel NRR electrocatalysts: cobalt–molybdenum alloys. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13343-13346. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05921h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt-molybdenum alloys can stabilise the elusive N2H as the first reduced intermediate species in nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Castellano-Varona
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT)
- Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC)
- Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
- Spain
| | - Moussab Harb
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Javier Araña
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT)
- Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC)
- Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
- Spain
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Luis Miguel Azofra
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT)
- Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC)
- Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
- Spain
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62
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Tong L, Duan L, Zhou A, Thummel RP. First-row transition metal polypyridine complexes that catalyze proton to hydrogen reduction. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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63
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Lohrey TD, Bergman RG, Arnold J. Controlling dinitrogen functionalization at rhenium through alkali metal ion pairing. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:17936-17944. [PMID: 31793591 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04489b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rhenium(i) salt Na[Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)] can be cooled in solution under a dinitrogen atmosphere to selectively access complexes containing rhenium(iii) centers bound to direduced, doubly-bonded N2 (i.e. diazenide) fragments. We demonstrate this reactivity is critically dependent on ion pairing involving the Na+ ion in the starting material, as N2 binding by Na[Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)] proved to be much less favorable when the Na+ was sequestered by benzo-12-crown-4. The analogous chemistry of Na[Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)] with carbon monoxide (CO) and 2,6-xylylisocyanide (XylNC) was also investigated, which provided structural and spectroscopic bases for determining the impact of ion pairing on π-acid activation in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor D Lohrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Robert G Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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64
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Hatanaka T, Kusunose H, Kawaguchi H, Funahashi Y. Dinitrogen Activation by a Heterometallic VFe Complex Derived from 1,1'‐Bis(arylamido)vanadocene. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Hatanaka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1–1 Machikaneyama 560–0043 Toyonaka Osaka Japan
| | - Hinano Kusunose
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1–1 Machikaneyama 560–0043 Toyonaka Osaka Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawaguchi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tokyo Institute of Technology 2–12–1 Ookayama, Meguro‐ku 152–8551 Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Funahashi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1–1 Machikaneyama 560–0043 Toyonaka Osaka Japan
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65
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Aghazada S, Miehlich M, Messelberger J, Heinemann FW, Munz D, Meyer K. A Terminal Iron Nitrilimine Complex: Accessing the Terminal Nitride through Diazo N-N Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18547-18551. [PMID: 31529583 PMCID: PMC6916540 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for the N-N bond cleavage of trimethylsilyl diazomethane is reported for the synthesis of terminal nitride complexes. The lithium salt of trimethylsilyl diazomethane was used to generate a rare terminal nitrilimine transition metal complex with partially occupied d-orbitals. This iron complex 2 was characterized by CHN combustion analysis, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, SQUID magnetometry, 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, and computational analysis. The combined results suggest a high-spin d 6 (S=2) electronic configuration and an allenic structure of the nitrilimine ligand. Reduction of 2 results in release of the nitrilimine ligand and formation of the iron(I) complex 3, which was characterized by CHN combustion analysis, 1 H NMR spectroscopic analysis, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Treatment of 2 with fluoride salts quantitatively yields the diamagnetic FeIV nitride complex 4, with concomitant formation of cyanide and trimethylsilyl fluoride through N-N bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadig Aghazada
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, General and Inorganic ChemistryEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Matthias Miehlich
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, General and Inorganic ChemistryEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Julian Messelberger
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, General and Inorganic ChemistryEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Frank W. Heinemann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, General and Inorganic ChemistryEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Dominik Munz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, General and Inorganic ChemistryEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, General and Inorganic ChemistryEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
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66
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Cook BJ, Chen CH, Pink M, Caulton KG. Gross rearrangement of Fe(II) aggregate structure by replacement of two H+ by two Li+: Visualizing altered structure of acid versus conjugate base. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.114152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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67
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Sugiarto, Kawamoto K, Hayashi Y. Artificial bioinorganic clusters of dinuclear 3d-transition metal ions coordinated by an inorganic coordination ligand. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 201:110821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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68
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Bruch QJ, Connor GP, Chen CH, Holland PL, Mayer JM, Hasanayn F, Miller AJM. Dinitrogen Reduction to Ammonium at Rhenium Utilizing Light and Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:20198-20208. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quinton J. Bruch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gannon P. Connor
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Patrick L. Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - James M. Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Faraj Hasanayn
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Alexander J. M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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69
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Aghazada S, Miehlich M, Messelberger J, Heinemann FW, Munz D, Meyer K. Ein terminaler Nitriliminkomplex des Eisens: Zugang zum terminalen Nitrid durch Spaltung einer Diazo‐N‐N‐Bindung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadig Aghazada
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Department für Chemie und Pharmazie, Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Matthias Miehlich
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Department für Chemie und Pharmazie, Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Julian Messelberger
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Department für Chemie und Pharmazie, Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Frank W. Heinemann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Department für Chemie und Pharmazie, Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Dominik Munz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Department für Chemie und Pharmazie, Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Department für Chemie und Pharmazie, Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
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70
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Lydon BR, Lee CC, Tanifuji K, Sickerman NS, Newcomb MP, Hu Y, Ribbe MW, Yang JY. Electrochemical Characterization of Isolated Nitrogenase Cofactors from Azotobacter vinelandii. Chembiochem 2019; 21:1773-1778. [PMID: 31392810 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The nitrogenase cofactors are structurally and functionally unique in biological chemistry. Despite a substantial amount of spectroscopic characterization of protein-bound and isolated nitrogenase cofactors, electrochemical characterization of these cofactors and their related species is far from complete. Herein we present voltammetric studies of three isolated nitrogenase cofactor species: the iron-molybdenum cofactor (M-cluster), iron-vanadium cofactor (V-cluster), and a homologue to the iron-iron cofactor (L-cluster). We observe two reductive events in the redox profiles of all three cofactors. Of the three, the V-cluster is the most reducing. The reduction potentials of the isolated cofactors are significantly more negative than previously measured values within the molybdenum-iron and vanadium-iron proteins. The outcome of this study provides insight into the importance of the heterometal identity, the overall ligation of the cluster, and the impact of the protein scaffolds on the overall electronic structures of the cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Lydon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Chi Chung Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Kazuki Tanifuji
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Nathaniel S Sickerman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Megan P Newcomb
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Yilin Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Markus W Ribbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Jenny Y Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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71
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Xu G, Zhou J, Wang Z, Holm RH, Chen XD. Controlled Incorporation of Nitrides into W-Fe-S Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16469-16473. [PMID: 31489739 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of monatomic 2p ligands into the core of iron-sulfur clusters has been researched since the discovery of interstitial carbide in the FeMo cofactor of Mo-dependent nitrogenase, but has proven to be a synthetic challenge. Herein, two distinct synthetic pathways are rationalized to install nitride ligands into targeted positions of W-Fe-S clusters, generating unprecedented nitride-ligated iron-sulfur clusters, namely [(Tp*)2 W2 Fe6 (μ4 -N)2 S6 L4 ]2- (Tp*=tris(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl)hydroborate(1-), L=Cl- or Br- ). 57 Fe Mössbauer study discloses metal oxidation states of WIV 2 FeII 4 FeIII 2 with localized electron distribution, which is analogous to the mid-valent iron centres of FeMo cofactor at resting state. Good agreement of Mössbauer data with the empirical linear relationship for Fe-S clusters indicates similar ligand behaviour of nitride and sulfide in such clusters, providing useful reference for reduced nitrogen in a nitrogenase-like environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Richard H Holm
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Xu-Dong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
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72
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Xu G, Zhou J, Wang Z, Holm RH, Chen X. Controlled Incorporation of Nitrides into W‐Fe‐S Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gan Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power BatteriesSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNanjing Normal University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power BatteriesSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNanjing Normal University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power BatteriesSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNanjing Normal University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Richard H. Holm
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyHarvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Xu‐Dong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power BatteriesSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNanjing Normal University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
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73
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Ng WM, Guo X, Cheung WM, So YM, Chong MC, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Lin Z, Leung WH. 4-Coordinated, 14-electron ruthenium(ii) chalcogenolate complexes: synthesis, electronic structure and reactions with PhICl 2 and organic azides. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:13315-13325. [PMID: 31429838 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02457c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The 4-coordinated RuII chalcogenolate complexes [Ru(STipp)2(PPh3)2] (Tipp = 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl, 1) and [Ru(SeMes)2(PPh3)2] (Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 2) have been synthesized, and their reactions with PhICl2 and organic azides have been studied. Complex 2 synthesized from [RuII(PPh3)3Cl2] and NaSeMes displays a seesaw structure with P-Ru-P and Se-Ru-Se bond angles of 103.43(13) and 145.26(6)°, respectively. Natural bond order analyses revealed that in each of 1 and 2, there are two n →σ* (donor-acceptor) π interactions between the chalcogen lone pairs and the Ru-P antibonding molecular orbitals. The calculated second-order perturbation interaction energies of the two interactions for 1 (20.5 and 18.3 kcal mol-1) are stronger than those of 2 (13.6 and 11.0 kcal mol-1), suggesting the thiolate ligand (TippS-) is a stronger π-donor than the selenolate ligand (MesSe-) with respect to RuII. Chlorination of 1 with PhICl2 afforded the dichloride complex [Ru(STipp)2Cl2(PPh3)] (3), which was hydrolyzed to the hydroxo complex [Ru(STipp)2(OH)Cl(PPh3)] (4) after column chromatography on silica in air. Treatment of 4 with HCl and methyl triflate gave 3 and [Ru(STipp)2(OH)(OTf)(PPh3)] (OTf = triflate, 5), respectively. Reactions of 1 and 2 with p-tolyl azide (p-tolN3) afforded the tetrazene complexes [Ru{N4(p-tol)2}(ER)2(PPh3)] (ER = STipp (6), SeMes (7)), whereas that with tosyl azide (TsN3) gave the imido complexes [Ru(κ2-NTs)(STipp)2(PPh3)] (ER = STipp (8), SeMes (10)). The short Ru-Nimido distances in 8 [1.883(3) Å] and 10 [1.892(2) Å] are indicative of multiple bond character. Treatment of 8 with TsN3 afforded the tetrazene complex [Ru(N4Ts2)(STipp)2(PPh3)] (9), but no cycloaddition was found between 10 and TsN3. Nucleophilic attack of the imido ligand in 10 with methyl triflate yielded the amido complex [Ru(κ2-NMeTs)(SeMes)2(PPh3)](OTf) (11). The crystal structures of 2, 4, 6, and 8-11 have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Ming Ng
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Xueying Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Wai-Man Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Yat-Ming So
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Man-Chun Chong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Herman H-Y Sung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Ian D Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Wa-Hung Leung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
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74
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Speelman AL, Čorić I, Van Stappen C, DeBeer S, Mercado BQ, Holland PL. Nitrogenase-Relevant Reactivity of a Synthetic Iron-Sulfur-Carbon Site. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13148-13157. [PMID: 31403298 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple synthetic compounds with only S and C donors offer a ligation environment similar to the active site of nitrogenase (FeMoco) and thus demonstrate reasonable mechanisms and geometries for N2 binding and reduction in nature. We recently reported the first example of N2 binding at a mononuclear iron site supported by only S and C donors. In this work, we report experiments that examine the mechanism of N2 binding in this system. The reduction of an iron(II) tris(thiolate) complex with 1 equiv of KC8 leads to a thermally unstable intermediate, and a combination of Mössbauer, EPR, and X-ray absorption spectroscopies identifies it as a high-spin (S = 3/2) iron(I) species that maintains coordination of all three sulfur atoms. DFT calculations suggest that this iron(I) intermediate has a pseudotetrahedral geometry that resembles the S3C iron coordination environment of the belt iron sites in the resting state of the FeMoco. Further reduction to the iron(0) oxidation level under argon causes the dissociation of one of the thiolate donors and gives an η6-arene species which reacts with N2. Thus, in this system the loss of thiolate and binding of N2 require reduction beyond the iron(I) level to the iron(0) level. Further reduction of the iron(0)-N2 complex gives a reactive, formally iron(-I) species. Treatment of the putative iron(-I) complex with weak acids gives low yields of ammonia and hydrazine, demonstrating that these nitrogenase products can be generated from N2 at a synthetic Fe-S-C site. Catalytic N2 reduction is not observed, which is attributed to protonation of the supporting ligand and degradation of the complex via ligand dissociation. Identification of the challenges in this system gives insight into the design features needed for functional biomimetic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Speelman
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect Street , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Ilija Čorić
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect Street , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Casey Van Stappen
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstraße 34-36 , D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstraße 34-36 , D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect Street , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Patrick L Holland
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect Street , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
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75
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Aldrich KE, Fales BS, Singh AK, Staples RJ, Levine BG, McCracken J, Smith MR, Odom AL. Electronic and Structural Comparisons between Iron(II/III) and Ruthenium(II/III) Imide Analogs. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:11699-11715. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E. Aldrich
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - B. Scott Fales
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Amrendra K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Richard J. Staples
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Benjamin G. Levine
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - John McCracken
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Milton R. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Aaron L. Odom
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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76
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You Q, Yang D, Xu S, Wang B, Qu J. Synthesis, characterization and structure of thiolate-bridged diruthenium and iron-ruthenium complexes with isocyanide ligands. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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77
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Zhao Y, Cui JT, Wang M, Valdivielso DY, Fielicke A, Hu LR, Cheng X, Liu QY, Li ZY, He SG, Ma JB. Dinitrogen Fixation and Reduction by Ta3N3H0,1– Cluster Anions at Room Temperature: Hydrogen-Assisted Enhancement of Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12592-12600. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Tong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - David Yubero Valdivielso
- Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 and Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - André Fielicke
- Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 and Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lian-Rui Hu
- School of Science, Xihua University, 610039 Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Bi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
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78
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Yogendra S, Weyhermüller T, Hahn AW, DeBeer S. From Ylides to Doubly Yldiide-Bridged Iron(II) High Spin Dimers via Self-Protolysis. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:9358-9367. [PMID: 31260277 PMCID: PMC6750861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic strategy for the preparation of novel doubly yldiide bridged iron(II) high spin dimers ([(μ2-C)FeL]2, L = N(SiMe3)2, Mesityl) has been developed. This includes the synthesis of ylide-iron(II) monomers [(Ylide)FeL2] via adduct formation. Subsequent self-protolysis at elevated temperatures by in situ deprotonation of the ylide ligands results in a dimerization reaction forming the desired bridging μ2-C yldiide ligands in [(μ2-C)FeL]2. The comprehensive structural and electronic analysis of dimers [(μ2-C)FeL]2, including NMR, Mössbauer, and X-ray spectroscopy, as well as X-ray crystallography, SQUID, and DFT calculations, confirm their high-spin FeII configurations. Interestingly, the Fe2C2 cores display very acute Fe-C-Fe angles (averaged: 78.6(2)°) resulting in short Fe···Fe distances (averaged: 2.588(2) Å). A remarkably strong antiferromagnetic coupling between the Fe centers has been identified. Strongly polarized Fe-C bonds are observed where the negative charge is mostly centered at the μ2-C yldiide ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivathmeehan Yogendra
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy
Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Thomas Weyhermüller
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy
Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Anselm W. Hahn
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy
Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy
Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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79
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Abstract
Described is the preparation of the first iron carbide-sulfides. The cluster [Fe6C(CO)15(SO2)]2- ([2]2-), which is generated quantitatively from [Fe6C(CO)16]2- ([1]2-), was O-methylated to give the sulfinite [2Me]-. Demethoxylation of [2Me]- with BF3 gave the face-capped octahedral cluster Fe6C(CO)15(SO) (3). In solution, 3 spontaneously converted to the sulfide Fe6C(CO)16(S) (4), an edge-fused double cluster with Fe5C and Fe3S subunits. Although 4 undergoes 1e- reduction reversibly, 2e- reduction (or base hydrolysis) of 4 gives closo-[Fe6C(CO)14(S)]2- ([5]2-). The synthetic entries into the Fe6CS x manifold may underpin the preparation of active-site analogues of the FeMoco and FeVco cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Illinois , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Thomas B Rauchfuss
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Illinois , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Toby J Woods
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Illinois , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
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80
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Bhutto SM, Holland PL. Dinitrogen Activation and Functionalization using β-Diketiminate Iron Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019; 2019:1861-1869. [PMID: 31213945 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Iron catalysts are adept at breaking the N-N bond of N2, as exemplified by the iron-catalyzed Haber-Bosch process and the iron-containing clusters at the active sites of nitrogenase enzymes. This Minireview summarizes recent work that has identified a well-characterized set of multi-iron complexes that are capable of breaking and functionalizing N2, and are amenable to detailed mechanistic studies. We discuss the redox balancing, the potential intermediates during N2 activation, the variation of alkali metal reductant, the reversibility of N2 cleavage, and the formation of N-H and N-C bonds from N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Bhutto
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Patrick L Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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81
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Reinholdt A, Majer SH, Gelardi RM, MacMillan SN, Hill AF, Wendt OF, Lancaster KM, Bendix J. An Approach to Carbide-Centered Cluster Complexes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:4812-4819. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Reinholdt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sean H. Majer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Rikke M. Gelardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samantha N. MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Anthony F. Hill
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Ola F. Wendt
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kyle M. Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jesper Bendix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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82
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Yin J, Li J, Wang GX, Yin ZB, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Dinitrogen Functionalization Affording Chromium Hydrazido Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4241-4247. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiapeng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gao-Xiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhu-Bao Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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83
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A theoretical study of electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis on single metal atom/MXene. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(18)63197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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84
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Li J, Yin J, Wang GX, Yin ZB, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Synthesis and reactivity of asymmetric Cr(i) dinitrogen complexes supported by cyclopentadienyl–phosphine ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9641-9644. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02960e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Trinuclear and dinuclear Cr(i) dinitrogen complexes and mixed-valence dinuclear Cr–N2 complex, with novel asymmetric N2 coordination modes, are realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Jianhao Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Gao-Xiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Zhu-Bao Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
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85
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Yang D, Xu S, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li Y, Wang B, Qu J. Reactivity toward Unsaturated Small Molecules of Thiolate-Bridged Diiron Hydride Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:15198-15204. [PMID: 30485081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of 1 equiv of tBuNC, the homolytic cleavage of the FeIII-H bond in the diiron terminal hydride complex [Cp*Fe( t-H)(μ-η2:η4-bdt)FeCp*][BF4] (1[BF4]) smoothly took place to release 1/2 H2, followed by binding of a tBuNC group to the unsaturated FeII center. Interestingly, upon exposure of 1[BF4] to 1 atm of acetylene, the isomerization process of the hydride ligand from the terminal to bridging coordination site was unaffected. Upon treatment of the diiron hydride bridged complex 2[BF4] with acetylene at 30 °C, two FeIII-H bonds were broken, and then an acetylene molecule was coordinated to the diiron centers in a novel μ-η2:η2 side-on fashion. In the above reaction system, the hydride ligands whether terminal or bridging all play a role as the electron donor for the reduction of the diiron centers from FeIIIFeIII to FeIIIFeII. These reaction patterns are reminiscent of the vital E4 state responsible for N2 binding and H2 liberation in the catalytic cycle of nitrogenase, which contains two {Fe-H-Fe} motifs as electron reservoirs for the reduction of the iron centers. Differently, when treating 1[BF4] with TMSN3, the terminal hydride ligand was inserted into the azide group to give a diiron amide complex 4[BF4] in moderate yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , People's Republic of China
| | - Sunlin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , People's Republic of China
| | - Baomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , People's Republic of China
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86
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Su L, Yang D, Zhang Y, Wang B, Qu J. Methylene insertion into an Fe 2S 2 cluster: formation of a thiolate-bridged diiron complex containing an Fe-CH 2-S moiety. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13119-13122. [PMID: 30398494 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07418f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of a thiolate-bridged FeIIFeIII complex leads to the cleavage of an Fe-S bond by the insertion of the methylene unit from CH2Cl2 to give a neutral FeIIFeIII complex with a novel Fe-CH2-S fragment. The structural and electrochemical differences of the alkylated and the non-alkylated Fe2S2 complexes are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
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87
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Zhang Y, Yang D, Li Y, Zhao X, Wang B, Qu J. Sulfur-Centered Reactivity of Oxidized Iron-Thiolate Complex toward Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Addition. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Baomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jingping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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88
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Chen JG, Crooks RM, Seefeldt LC, Bren KL, Bullock RM, Darensbourg MY, Holland PL, Hoffman B, Janik MJ, Jones AK, Kanatzidis MG, King P, Lancaster KM, Lymar SV, Pfromm P, Schneider WF, Schrock RR. Beyond fossil fuel-driven nitrogen transformations. Science 2018; 360:360/6391/eaar6611. [PMID: 29798857 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar6611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 769] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is fundamental to all of life and many industrial processes. The interchange of nitrogen oxidation states in the industrial production of ammonia, nitric acid, and other commodity chemicals is largely powered by fossil fuels. A key goal of contemporary research in the field of nitrogen chemistry is to minimize the use of fossil fuels by developing more efficient heterogeneous, homogeneous, photo-, and electrocatalytic processes or by adapting the enzymatic processes underlying the natural nitrogen cycle. These approaches, as well as the challenges involved, are discussed in this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingguang G Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. .,Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Richard M Crooks
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Lance C Seefeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84332, USA.
| | - Kara L Bren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | | | | | | | - Brian Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Michael J Janik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Anne K Jones
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA
| | | | - Paul King
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sergei V Lymar
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Peter Pfromm
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6515, USA
| | - William F Schneider
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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89
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Foster SL, Bakovic SIP, Duda RD, Maheshwari S, Milton RD, Minteer SD, Janik MJ, Renner JN, Greenlee LF. Catalysts for nitrogen reduction to ammonia. Nat Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-018-0092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 676] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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90
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Pelmenschikov V, Gee LB, Wang H, MacLeod KC, McWilliams SF, Skubi KL, Cramer SP, Holland PL. High-Frequency Fe-H Vibrations in a Bridging Hydride Complex Characterized by NRVS and DFT. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9367-9371. [PMID: 29847703 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
High-spin iron species with bridging hydrides have been detected in species trapped during nitrogenase catalysis, but there are few general methods of evaluating Fe-H bonds in high-spin multinuclear iron systems. An 57 Fe nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) study on an Fe(μ-H)2 Fe model complex reveals Fe-H stretching vibrations for bridging hydrides at frequencies greater than 1200 cm-1 . These isotope-sensitive vibrational bands are not evident in infrared (IR) spectra, showing the power of NRVS for identifying hydrides in this high-spin iron system. Complementary density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate the normal modes of the rhomboidal iron hydride core.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leland B Gee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Current Address: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - K Cory MacLeod
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | | | - Kazimer L Skubi
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Stephen P Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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91
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Pelmenschikov V, Gee LB, Wang H, MacLeod KC, McWilliams SF, Skubi KL, Cramer SP, Holland PL. High-Frequency Fe-H Vibrations in a Bridging Hydride Complex Characterized by NRVS and DFT. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leland B. Gee
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
- Current Address: Department of Chemistry; Stanford University; Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - K. Cory MacLeod
- Department of Chemistry; Yale University; New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | | | - Kazimer L. Skubi
- Department of Chemistry; Yale University; New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Stephen P. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
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92
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Skubi KL, Holland PL. So Close, yet Sulfur Away: Opening the Nitrogenase Cofactor Structure Creates a Binding Site. Biochemistry 2018; 57:3540-3541. [PMID: 29927241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazimer L Skubi
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06518 , United States
| | - Patrick L Holland
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06518 , United States
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93
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Incorporating light atoms into synthetic analogues of FeMoco. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:5054-5056. [PMID: 29712851 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1805700115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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94
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Lu JB, Ma XL, Wang JQ, Liu JC, Xiao H, Li J. Efficient Nitrogen Fixation via a Redox-Flexible Single-Iron Site with Reverse-Dative Iron → Boron σ Bonding. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4530-4537. [PMID: 29648830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Model systems of the FeMo cofactor of nitrogenase have been explored extensively in catalysis to gain insights into their ability for nitrogen fixation that is of vital importance to the human society. Here we investigate the trigonal pyramidal borane-ligand Fe complex by first-principles calculations, and find that the variation of oxidation state of Fe along the reaction path correlates with that of the reverse-dative Fe → B bonding. The redox-flexibility of the reverse-dative Fe → B bonding helps to provide an electron reservoir that buffers and stabilizes the evolution of Fe oxidation state, which is essential for forming the key intermediates of N2 activation. Our work provides insights for understanding and optimizing homogeneous and surface single-atom catalysts with reverse-dative donating ligands for efficient dinitrogen fixation. The extension of this kind of molecular catalytic active center to heterogeneous catalysts with surface single-clusters is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Xue-Lu Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Jin-Cheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Hai Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China.,Institute for Interfacial Catalysis and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999 , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
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95
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Gu NX, Oyala PH, Peters JC. An S = 1/ 2 Iron Complex Featuring N 2, Thiolate, and Hydride Ligands: Reductive Elimination of H 2 and Relevant Thermochemical Fe-H Parameters. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6374-6382. [PMID: 29684269 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Believed to accumulate on the Fe sites of the FeMo-cofactor (FeMoco) of MoFe-nitrogenase under turnover, strongly donating hydrides have been proposed to facilitate N2 binding to Fe and may also participate in the hydrogen evolution process concomitant to nitrogen fixation. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of a thiolate-coordinated FeIII(H)(N2) complex, which releases H2 upon warming to yield an FeII-N2-FeII complex. Bimolecular reductive elimination of H2 from metal hydrides is pertinent to the hydrogen evolution processes of both enzymes and electrocatalysts, but well-defined examples are uncommon and usually observed from diamagnetic second- and third-row transition metals. Kinetic data obtained on the HER of this ferric hydride species are consistent with a bimolecular reductive elimination pathway, arising from cleavage of the Fe-H bond with a computationally determined BDFE of 55.6 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina X Gu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Paul H Oyala
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Jonas C Peters
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
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96
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Liu JC, Ma XL, Li Y, Wang YG, Xiao H, Li J. Heterogeneous Fe 3 single-cluster catalyst for ammonia synthesis via an associative mechanism. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1610. [PMID: 29686395 PMCID: PMC5913218 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current industrial ammonia synthesis relies on Haber–Bosch process that is initiated by the dissociative mechanism, in which the adsorbed N2 dissociates directly, and thus is limited by Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi (BEP) relation. Here we propose a new strategy that an anchored Fe3 cluster on the θ-Al2O3(010) surface as a heterogeneous catalyst for ammonia synthesis from first-principles theoretical study and microkinetic analysis. We have studied the whole catalytic mechanism for conversion of N2 to NH3 on Fe3/θ-Al2O3(010), and find that an associative mechanism, in which the adsorbed N2 is first hydrogenated to NNH, dominates over the dissociative mechanism, which we attribute to the large spin polarization, low oxidation state of iron, and multi-step redox capability of Fe3 cluster. The associative mechanism liberates the turnover frequency (TOF) for ammonia production from the limitation due to the BEP relation, and the calculated TOF on Fe3/θ-Al2O3(010) is comparable to Ru B5 site. The current industrial ammonia synthesis relies on the Haber-Bosch process that is limited by the Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi relation. Here, the authors propose a new strategy that an anchored Fe3 on θ-Al2O3(010) surface serves as a heterogeneous single cluster catalyst for ammonia synthesis from first-principles calculations and microkinetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xue-Lu Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yang-Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hai Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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97
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Sekiguchi Y, Arashiba K, Tanaka H, Eizawa A, Nakajima K, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Catalytic Reduction of Molecular Dinitrogen to Ammonia and Hydrazine Using Vanadium Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9064-9068. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Sekiguchi
- Department of Systems Innovation; School of Engineering; University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku; Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kazuya Arashiba
- Department of Systems Innovation; School of Engineering; University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku; Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Aya Eizawa
- Department of Systems Innovation; School of Engineering; University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku; Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kazunari Nakajima
- Department of Systems Innovation; School of Engineering; University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku; Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Systems Innovation; School of Engineering; University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku; Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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98
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Sekiguchi Y, Arashiba K, Tanaka H, Eizawa A, Nakajima K, Yoshizawa K, Nishibayashi Y. Catalytic Reduction of Molecular Dinitrogen to Ammonia and Hydrazine Using Vanadium Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Sekiguchi
- Department of Systems Innovation; School of Engineering; University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku; Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kazuya Arashiba
- Department of Systems Innovation; School of Engineering; University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku; Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Aya Eizawa
- Department of Systems Innovation; School of Engineering; University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku; Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kazunari Nakajima
- Department of Systems Innovation; School of Engineering; University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku; Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Systems Innovation; School of Engineering; University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku; Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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99
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Shupp JP, Rose AR, Rose MJ. Synthesis and interconversions of reduced, alkali-metal supported iron-sulfur-carbonyl complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:9163-9171. [PMID: 28675227 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01506b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, interconversions and X-ray structures of a set of [mFe-nS]-type carbonyl clusters (where S = S2-, S22- or RS-; m = 2-3; n = 1-2). All of the clusters have been identified and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR and 13C NMR. Reduction of the parent neutral dimer [μ2-(SPh)2Fe2(CO)6] (1) with KC8 affords an easily separable ∼1 : 1 mixture of the anionic, dimeric thiolate dimer K[Fe2(SPh)(CO)6(μ-CO)] (2) and the dianionic, sulfido trimer [K(benzo-15-crown-5)2]2[Fe3(μ3-S)(CO)9] (3). Oxidation of 2 with diphenyl-disulfide (Ph2S2) cleanly returns the starting material 1. The Ph-S bond in 1 can be cleaved to form sulfide trimer 3. Oxidation of sulfido trimer 3 with [Fc](PF6) in the presence of S8 cleanly affords the all-inorganic persulfide dimer [μ2-(S)2Fe2(CO)6] (4), a thermodynamically stable product. The inverse reactions to form 3 (dianion) from 4 (neutral) were not successful, and other products were obtained. For example, reduction of 4 with KC8 afforded the mixed valence Fe(i)/Fe(ii) species [((FeS2)(CO)6)2FeII]2- (5), in which the two {Fe2S2(CO)6}2- units serve as bidendate ligands to a Fe(ii) center. Another isolated product (THF insoluble portion) was recrystallized in MeCN to afford [K(benzo-15-crown-5)2]2[((Fe2S)(CO)6)2(μ-S)2] (6), in which a persulfide dianion bridges two {2Fe-S} moieties (dimer of dimers). Finally, to close the interconversion loop, we converted the persulfide dimer 4 into the thiolate dimer 1 by reduction with KC8 followed by reaction with the diphenyl iodonium salt [Ph2I](PF6), in modest yield. These reactions underscore the thermodynamic stability of the dimers 1 and 4, as well as the synthetic and crystallization versatility of using the crown/K+ counterion system for obtaining structural information on highly reduced iron-sulfur-carbonyl clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Patrick Shupp
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, USA.
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100
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Reed CJ, Agapie T. Tetranuclear Fe Clusters with a Varied Interstitial Ligand: Effects on the Structure, Redox Properties, and Nitric Oxide Activation. Inorg Chem 2018; 56:13360-13367. [PMID: 29052979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A new series of tetranuclear Fe clusters displaying an interstitial μ4-F ligand was prepared for a comparison to previously reported μ4-O analogues. With a single nitric oxide (NO) coordinated as a reporter of small-molecule activation, the μ4-F clusters were characterized in five redox states, from FeII3{FeNO}8 to FeIII3{FeNO}7, with NO stretching frequencies ranging from 1680 to 1855 cm-1, respectively. Despite accessing more reduced states with an F- bridge, a two-electron reduction of the distal Fe centers is necessary for the μ4-F clusters to activate NO to the same degree as the μ4-O system; consequently, NO reactivity is observed at more positive potentials with μ4-O than μ4-F. Moreover, the μ4-O ligand better translates redox changes of remote metal centers to diatomic ligand activation. The implication for biological active sites is that the higher-charge bridging ligand is more effective in tuning cluster properties, including the involvement of remote metal centers, for small-molecule activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Reed
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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