51
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Construction of C–O bond via cross-dehydrogenative coupling of sp [ ] C–H bond with phenols catalyzed by copper porphyrin. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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52
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Steck V, Carminati DM, Johnson NR, Fasan R. Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Amines via Biocatalytic Carbene N-H Insertion. ACS Catal 2020; 10:10967-10977. [PMID: 34484852 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Optically active amines represent highly valuable building blocks for the synthesis of advanced pharmaceutical intermediates, drug molecules, and biologically active natural products. Hemoproteins have recently emerged as promising biocatalysts for the formation of C-N bonds via carbene transfer, but asymmetric N-H carbene insertion reactions using these or other enzymes have so far been elusive. Here, we report the successful development of a biocatalytic strategy for the asymmetric N-H carbene insertion of aromatic amines with 2-diazopropanoate esters using engineered variants of myoglobin. High activity and stereoinduction in this reaction could be achieved by tuning the chiral environment around the heme cofactor in the metalloprotein in combination with catalyst-matching and tailoring of the diazo reagent. Using this approach, an efficient biocatalytic protocol for the synthesis of a broad range of substituted aryl amines with up to 82% ee was obtained. In addition, a stereocomplementary catalyst useful for accessing the mirror-image form of the N-H insertion products was identified. This work paves the way to asymmetric amine synthesis via biocatalytic carbene transfer, and the present strategy based on the synergistic combination of protein and diazo reagent engineering is expected to prove useful in the context of these as well as other challenging asymmetric carbene transfer reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Steck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 14627 Rochester, New York United States
| | - Daniela M. Carminati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 14627 Rochester, New York United States
| | - Nathan R. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 14627 Rochester, New York United States
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 14627 Rochester, New York United States
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53
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Carminati DM, Moore EJ, Fasan R. Strategies for the expression and characterization of artificial myoglobin-based carbene transferases. Methods Enzymol 2020; 644:35-61. [PMID: 32943150 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Myoglobin has recently emerged as a versatile metalloprotein scaffold for the design of efficient and selective biocatalysts for abiological carbene transfer reactions, including asymmetric cyclopropanation reactions. Over the past few years, our group has explored several strategies to modulate the carbene transfer reactivity of myoglobin-based catalysts, including the substitution of the native heme cofactor and conserved histidine axial ligand with non-native porphynoid ligands and alternative natural and unnatural amino acids as the metal-coordinating ligands, respectively. Herein, we report protocols for the generation and reconstitution in vitro and in vivo of myoglobin-based artificial carbene transferases incorporating non-native iron-porphynoid cofactors, also in combination with unnatural amino acids as the proximal ligand. These strategies are effective for imparting these myoglobin-based cyclopropanation biocatalysts with altered and improved function, including tolerance to aerobic conditions and improved reactivity toward electrondeficient olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Carminati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Eric J Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States.
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54
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco F. Batista
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana C. G. A. Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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55
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van Leest NP, Tepaske MA, Venderbosch B, Oudsen JPH, Tromp M, van der Vlugt JI, de Bruin B. Electronically Asynchronous Transition States for C–N Bond Formation by Electrophilic [CoIII(TAML)]-Nitrene Radical Complexes Involving Substrate-to-Ligand Single-Electron Transfer and a Cobalt-Centered Spin Shuttle. ACS Catal 2020; 10:7449-7463. [PMID: 35912398 PMCID: PMC9333348 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
oxidation state of the redox noninnocent tetra-amido macrocyclic
ligand (TAML) scaffold was recently shown to affect the formation
of nitrene radical species on cobalt(III) upon reaction with PhI=NNs
[van
LeestN. P.; 2020, 142, 552−56331846578]. For the neutral [CoIII(TAMLsq)] complex, this
leads to the doublet (S = 1/2) mono-nitrene radical species [CoIII(TAMLq)(N•Ns)(Y)] (bearing an unidentified
sixth ligand Y in at least the frozen state), while a triplet (S = 1) bis-nitrene radical species [CoIII(TAMLq)(N•Ns)2]– is generated from the anionic [CoIII(TAMLred)]– complex. The one-electron-reduced
Fischer-type nitrene radicals (N•Ns–) are formed through single (mono-nitrene) or double (bis-nitrene)
ligand-to-substrate single-electron transfer (SET). In this work,
we describe the reactivity and mechanisms of these nitrene radical
complexes in catalytic aziridination. We report that [CoIII(TAMLsq)] and [CoIII(TAMLred)]– are both effective catalysts for chemoselective (C=C
versus C–H bonds) and diastereoselective aziridination of styrene
derivatives, cyclohexane, and 1-hexene under mild and even aerobic
(for [CoIII(TAMLred)]–) conditions.
Experimental (Hammett plots; [CoIII(TAML)]-nitrene radical formation and quantification
under catalytic conditions; single-turnover experiments; and tests
regarding catalyst decomposition, radical inhibition, and radical
trapping) in combination with computational (density functional theory
(DFT), N-electron valence state perturbation theory corrected complete
active space self-consistent field (NEVPT2-CASSCF)) studies reveal
that [CoIII(TAMLq)(N•Ns)(Y)], [CoIII(TAMLq)(N•Ns)2]–, and [CoIII(TAMLsq)(N•Ns)]– are key electrophilic intermediates
in aziridination reactions. Surprisingly, the electrophilic one-electron-reduced
Fischer-type nitrene radicals do not react as would be expected for
nitrene radicals (i.e., via radical addition and radical rebound).
Instead, nitrene transfer proceeds through unusual electronically
asynchronous transition states, in which the (partial) styrene substrate
to TAML ligand (single-) electron transfer precedes C–N coupling.
The actual C–N bond formation processes are best described
as involving a nucleophilic attack of the nitrene (radical) lone pair
at the thus (partially) formed styrene radical cation. These processes
are coupled to TAML-to-cobalt and cobalt-to-nitrene single-electron
transfer, effectively leading to the formation of an amido-γ-benzyl
radical (NsN––CH2–•CH–Ph) bound to an intermediate spin (S = 1) cobalt(III) center. Hence, the TAML moiety can be
regarded to act as a transient electron acceptor, the cobalt center
behaves as a spin shuttle, and the nitrene radical acts as a nucleophile.
Such a mechanism was hitherto unknown for cobalt-catalyzed hypovalent
group transfer and the more general transition-metal-catalyzed nitrene
transfer to alkenes but is now shown to complement the known concerted
and stepwise mechanisms for N-group transfer.
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56
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Stenner R, Anderson JLR. Chemoselective N−H insertion catalyzed by ade novocarbene transferase. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67:527-535. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Stenner
- School of Biochemistry University of Bristol Bristol UK
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - John Leslie Ross Anderson
- School of Biochemistry University of Bristol Bristol UK
- BrisSynBio Synthetic Biology Research Centre University of Bristol Bristol UK
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57
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Hao J, Miao W, Cheng Y, Lu S, Jia G, Li C. Enantioselective Olefin Cyclopropanation with G-Quadruplex DNA-Based Biocatalysts. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenhui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengmei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guoqing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China
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58
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Cho YH, Kim JH, An H, Ahn K, Kang EJ. Cycloaddition Reactions of Alkene Radical Cations using Iron(III)‐Phenanthroline Complex. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hyun Cho
- Department of Applied ChemistryKyung Hee University Yongin 17104 Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Kim
- Department of Applied ChemistryKyung Hee University Yongin 17104 Korea
| | - Hyeju An
- Department of Applied ChemistryKyung Hee University Yongin 17104 Korea
| | - Kwang‐Hyun Ahn
- Department of Applied ChemistryKyung Hee University Yongin 17104 Korea
| | - Eun Joo Kang
- Department of Applied ChemistryKyung Hee University Yongin 17104 Korea
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59
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Chen K, Arnold FH. Engineering Cytochrome P450s for Enantioselective Cyclopropenation of Internal Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6891-6895. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Frances H. Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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60
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Wang HX, Wan Q, Low KH, Zhou CY, Huang JS, Zhang JL, Che CM. Stable group 8 metal porphyrin mono- and bis(dialkylcarbene) complexes: synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2243-2259. [PMID: 32180931 PMCID: PMC7047983 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05432d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkyl-substituted carbene (CHR or CR2, R = alkyl) complexes have been extensively studied for alkylcarbene (CHR) ligands coordinated with high-valent early transition metal ions (a.k.a. Schrock carbenes or alkylidenes), yet dialkylcarbene (CR2) complexes remain less developed with bis(dialkylcarbene) species being little (if at all) explored. Herein, several group 8 metal porphyrin dialkylcarbene complexes, including Fe- and Ru-mono(dialkylcarbene) complexes [M(Por)(Ad)] (1a,b, M = Fe, Por = porphyrinato dianion, Ad = 2-adamantylidene; 2a,b, M = Ru) and Os-bis(dialkylcarbene) complexes [Os(Por)(Ad)2] (3a-c), are synthesized and crystallographically characterized. Detailed investigations into their electronic structures reveal that these complexes are formally low-valent M(ii)-carbene in nature. These complexes display remarkable thermal stability and chemical inertness, which are rationalized by a synergistic effect of strong metal-carbene covalency, hyperconjugation, and a rigid diamondoid carbene skeleton. Various spectroscopic techniques and DFT calculations suggest that the dialkylcarbene Ad ligand is unique compared to other common carbene ligands as it acts as both a potent σ-donor and π-acceptor; its unique electronic and structural features, together with the steric effect of the porphyrin macrocycle, make its Fe porphyrin complex 1a an active and robust catalyst for intermolecular diarylcarbene transfer reactions including cyclopropanation (up to 90% yield) and X-H (X = S, N, O, C) insertion (up to 99% yield) reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , China .
| | - Qingyun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , China .
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , China .
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , China .
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jie-Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , China .
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , China .
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation , Shenzhen , China
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61
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Steck V, Sreenilayam G, Fasan R. Selective Functionalization of Aliphatic Amines via Myoglobin-catalyzed Carbene N-H Insertion. Synlett 2020; 31:224-229. [PMID: 32255925 PMCID: PMC7108785 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1690007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Engineered myoglobins have recently gained attention for their ability to catalyze a variety of abiological carbene transfer reactions including the functionalization of amines via carbene insertion into N-H bonds. However, the scope of myoglobin and other hemoprotein-based biocatalysts in the context of this transformation has been largely limited to aniline derivatives as the amine substrates and ethyl diazoacetate as the carbene donor reagent. In this report, we describe the development of an engineered myoglobin-based catalyst useful for promoting carbene N-H insertion reactions across a broad range of substituted benzylamines and α-diazo acetates with high efficiency (82-99% conversion), elevated catalytic turnovers (up to 7,000), and excellent chemoselectivity for the desired single insertion product (up to 99%). The scope of this transformation could be extended to cyclic aliphatic amines. These studies expand the biocatalytic toolbox available for the selective formation of C-N bonds, which are ubiquitous in many natural and synthetic bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Steck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester. 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY 14627, United States
| | - Gopeekrishnan Sreenilayam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester. 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY 14627, United States
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester. 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY 14627, United States
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62
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DeJesus JF, Jenkins DM. A Chiral Macrocyclic Tetra-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Yields an "All Carbene" Iron Alkylidene Complex. Chemistry 2020; 26:1429-1435. [PMID: 31788868 PMCID: PMC7024548 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The first chiral macrocyclic tetra-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand has been synthesized. The macrocycle, prepared in high yield and large scale, was ligated onto palladium and iron to give divalent C2 -symmetric square planar complexes. Multinuclear NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction demonstrated that there are two distinct NHCs on each ligand, due to the bridging chiral cyclohexane. Oxidation of the iron(II) complex with trimethylamine N-oxide yielded a bridging oxo complex. Diazodiphenylmethane reacted with the iron(II) complex at room temperature to give a paramagnetic diazoalkane complex; the same reaction yielded the "all carbene" complex at elevated temperature. Electrochemical measurements support the assignment of the "all carbene" complex being an alkylidene. Notably, the diazoalkane complex can be directly transformed into the alkylidene complex, which had not been previously demonstrated on iron. Finally, a test catalytic reaction with a diazoalkane on the iron(II) complex does not yield the expected cyclopropane, but actually the azine compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F DeJesus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
| | - David M Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
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63
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Green S, Wheelhouse KM, Payne AD, Hallett JP, Miller PW, Bull JA. Thermal Stability and Explosive Hazard Assessment of Diazo Compounds and Diazo Transfer Reagents. Org Process Res Dev 2020; 24:67-84. [PMID: 31983869 PMCID: PMC6972035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite their wide use in academia as metal-carbene precursors, diazo compounds are often avoided in industry owing to concerns over their instability, exothermic decomposition, and potential explosive behavior. The stability of sulfonyl azides and other diazo transfer reagents is relatively well understood, but there is little reliable data available for diazo compounds. This work first collates available sensitivity and thermal analysis data for diazo transfer reagents and diazo compounds to act as an accessible reference resource. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) data for the model donor/acceptor diazo compound ethyl (phenyl)diazoacetate are presented. We also present a rigorous DSC dataset with 43 other diazo compounds, enabling direct comparison to other energetic materials to provide a clear reference work to the academic and industrial chemistry communities. Interestingly, there is a wide range of onset temperatures (T onset) for this series of compounds, which varied between 75 and 160 °C. The thermal stability variation depends on the electronic effect of substituents and the amount of charge delocalization. A statistical model is demonstrated to predict the thermal stability of differently substituted phenyl diazoacetates. A maximum recommended process temperature (T D24) to avoid decomposition is estimated for selected diazo compounds. The average enthalpy of decomposition (ΔH D) for diazo compounds without other energetic functional groups is -102 kJ mol-1. Several diazo transfer reagents are analyzed using the same DSC protocol and found to have higher thermal stability, which is in general agreement with the reported values. For sulfonyl azide reagents, an average ΔH D of -201 kJ mol-1 is observed. High-quality thermal data from ARC experiments shows the initiation of decomposition for ethyl (phenyl)diazoacetate to be 60 °C, compared to that of 100 °C for the common diazo transfer reagent p-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl azide (p-ABSA). The Yoshida correlation is applied to DSC data for each diazo compound to provide an indication of both their impact sensitivity (IS) and explosivity. As a neat substance, none of the diazo compounds tested are predicted to be explosive, but many (particularly donor/acceptor diazo compounds) are predicted to be impact-sensitive. It is therefore recommended that manipulation, agitation, and other processing of neat diazo compounds are conducted with due care to avoid impacts, particularly in large quantities. The full dataset is presented to inform chemists of the nature and magnitude of hazards when using diazo compounds and diazo transfer reagents. Given the demonstrated potential for rapid heat generation and gas evolution, adequate temperature control and cautious addition of reagents that begin a reaction are strongly recommended when conducting reactions with diazo compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian
P. Green
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Katherine M. Wheelhouse
- API Chemistry, Product Development & Supply and Process Safety,
Pilot Plant Operations, GlaxoSmithKline,
GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K.
| | - Andrew D. Payne
- API Chemistry, Product Development & Supply and Process Safety,
Pilot Plant Operations, GlaxoSmithKline,
GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K.
| | - Jason P. Hallett
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Philip W. Miller
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - James A. Bull
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
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64
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Abstract
While the bottom-up design of enzymes appears to be an intractably complex problem, a minimal approach that combines elementary, de novo-designed proteins with intrinsically reactive cofactors offers a simple means to rapidly access sophisticated catalytic mechanisms. Not only is this method proven in the reproduction of powerful oxidative chemistry of the natural peroxidase enzymes, but we show here that it extends to the efficient, abiological—and often asymmetric—formation of strained cyclopropane rings, nitrogen–carbon and carbon–carbon bonds, and the ring expansion of a simple cyclic molecule to form a precursor for NAD+, a fundamentally important biological cofactor. That the enzyme also functions in vivo paves the way for its incorporation into engineered biosynthetic pathways within living organisms. By constructing an in vivo-assembled, catalytically proficient peroxidase, C45, we have recently demonstrated the catalytic potential of simple, de novo-designed heme proteins. Here, we show that C45’s enzymatic activity extends to the efficient and stereoselective intermolecular transfer of carbenes to olefins, heterocycles, aldehydes, and amines. Not only is this a report of carbene transferase activity in a completely de novo protein, but also of enzyme-catalyzed ring expansion of aromatic heterocycles via carbene transfer by any enzyme.
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65
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Damiano C, Sonzini P, Gallo E. Iron catalysts with N-ligands for carbene transfer of diazo reagents. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4867-4905. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00221f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the catalytic activity of iron complexes of nitrogen ligands in driving carbene transfers towards CC, C–H and X–H bonds. The reactivity of diazo reagents is discussed as well as the proposed reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Sonzini
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milan
- Italy
| | - Emma Gallo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milan
- Italy
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66
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Liu Y, You T, Wang HX, Tang Z, Zhou CY, Che CM. Iron- and cobalt-catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions and their application in organic synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5310-5358. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the developments in iron and cobalt catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions with emphasis on their applications in organic synthesis, i.e. natural products and pharmaceuticals synthesis and/or modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Tingjie You
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Hai-Xu Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Zhou Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
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67
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Cailler LP, Clémancey M, Barilone J, Maldivi P, Latour JM, Sorokin AB. Comparative Study of the Electronic Structures of μ-Oxo, μ-Nitrido, and μ-Carbido Diiron Octapropylporphyrazine Complexes and Their Catalytic Activity in Cyclopropanation of Olefins. Inorg Chem 2019; 59:1104-1116. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie P. Cailler
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l’Environnement de Lyon IRCELYON, UMR 5256, CNRS - Université Lyon 1, 2 avenue A. Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Martin Clémancey
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Jessica Barilone
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, CBM, Grenoble 38000, France
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Pascale Maldivi
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, CBM, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Jean-Marc Latour
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Alexander B. Sorokin
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l’Environnement de Lyon IRCELYON, UMR 5256, CNRS - Université Lyon 1, 2 avenue A. Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne cedex, France
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68
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Wang X, Zheng Z, Xie J, Gu X, Mu Q, Yin G, Ye F, Xu Z, Xu L. Controllable Si−C Bond Activation Enables Stereocontrol in the Palladium‐Catalyzed [4+2] Annulation of Cyclopropenes with Benzosilacyclobutanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing‐Ben Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of the Ministry of EducationHangzhou Normal University No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Zhan‐Jiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of the Ministry of EducationHangzhou Normal University No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Le Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of the Ministry of EducationHangzhou Normal University No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Xing‐Wei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of the Ministry of EducationHangzhou Normal University No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Qiu‐Chao Mu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of the Ministry of EducationHangzhou Normal University No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Guan‐Wu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of the Ministry of EducationHangzhou Normal University No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Fei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of the Ministry of EducationHangzhou Normal University No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of the Ministry of EducationHangzhou Normal University No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Li‐Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of the Ministry of EducationHangzhou Normal University No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
- Suzhou Research Institute and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective OxidationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences P. R. China
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69
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Wang XB, Zheng ZJ, Xie JL, Gu XW, Mu QC, Yin GW, Ye F, Xu Z, Xu LW. Controllable Si-C Bond Activation Enables Stereocontrol in the Palladium-Catalyzed [4+2] Annulation of Cyclopropenes with Benzosilacyclobutanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:790-797. [PMID: 31829499 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel and unusual palladium-catalyzed [4+2] annulation of cyclopropenes with benzosilacyclobutanes is reported. This reaction occurred through chemoselective Si-C(sp2 ) bond activation in synergy with ring expansion/insertion of cyclopropenes to form new C(sp2 )-C(sp3 ) and Si-C(sp3 ) bonds. An array of previously elusive bicyclic skeleton with high strain, silabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanes, were formed in good yields with excellent diastereoselectivity under mild conditions. An asymmetric version of the reaction with a chiral phosphoramidite ligand furnished a variety of chiral bicyclic silaheterocycle derivatives with good enantioselectivity (up to 95.5:4.5 er). Owing to the mild reaction conditions, the good stereoselectivity profile, and the ready availability of the functionalized precursors, this process constitutes a useful and straightforward strategy for the synthesis of densely functionalized silacycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Ben Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of the Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Jiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of the Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Le Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of the Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Wei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of the Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Chao Mu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of the Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Wu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of the Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Fei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of the Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of the Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of the Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China.,Suzhou Research Institute and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. R. China
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70
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2018. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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71
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Zhu H, Liu S, He C, Zhang J, Wang L. Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Cyclopropanes via Inorganic Base‐Mediated Cycloaddition Reactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineJilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 P. R. China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 P. R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 P. R. China
| | - Chunnian He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineJilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 P. R. China
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72
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Abstract
On the occasion of Professor Frances H. Arnold's recent acceptance of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, we honor her numerous contributions to the fields of directed evolution and biocatalysis. Arnold pioneered the development of directed evolution methods for engineering enzymes as biocatalysts. Her highly interdisciplinary research has provided a ground not only for understanding the mechanisms of enzyme evolution but also for developing commercially viable enzyme biocatalysts and biocatalytic processes. In this Account, we highlight some of her notable contributions in the past three decades in the development of foundational directed evolution methods and their applications in the design and engineering of enzymes with desired functions for biocatalysis. Her work has created a paradigm shift in the broad catalysis field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - S. B. Jennifer Kan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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73
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Carminati DM, Fasan R. Stereoselective Cyclopropanation of Electron-Deficient Olefins with a Cofactor Redesigned Carbene Transferase Featuring Radical Reactivity. ACS Catal 2019; 9:9683-9697. [PMID: 32257582 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Engineered myoglobins and other hemoproteins have recently emerged as promising catalysts for asymmetric olefin cyclopropanation reactions via carbene transfer chemistry. Despite this progress, the transformation of electron-poor alkenes has proven very challenging using these systems. Here, we describe the design of a myoglobin-based carbene transferase incorporating a non-native iron-porphyrin cofactor and axial ligand, as an efficient catalyst for the asymmetric cyclopropanation of electron-deficient alkenes. Using this metalloenzyme, a broad range of both electron-rich and electron-deficient alkenes are cyclopropanated with high efficiency and high diastereo- and enantioselectivity (up to >99% de and ee). Mechanistic studies revealed that the expanded reaction scope of this carbene transferase is dependent upon the acquisition of metallocarbene radical reactivity as a result of the reconfigured coordination environment around the metal center. The radical-based reactivity of this system diverges from the electrophilic reactivity of myoglobin and most of known organometallic carbene transfer catalysts. This work showcases the value of cofactor redesign toward tuning and expanding the reactivity of metalloproteins in abiological reactions and it provides a biocatalytic solution to the asymmetric cyclopropanation of electrodeficient alkenes. The metallocarbene radical reactivity exhibited by this biocatalyst is anticipated to prove useful in the context of a variety of other synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M. Carminati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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74
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Ibrahim H, Mulyk P, Sen D. DNA G-Quadruplexes Activate Heme for Robust Catalysis of Carbene Transfer Reactions. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15280-15288. [PMID: 31552375 PMCID: PMC6751727 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Guanine-rich single-stranded DNAs and RNAs that fold into G-quadruplexes (GQs) are known to complex tightly with FeII-heme and FeIII-heme (hemin), ubiquitous cellular cofactors. Heme-GQ (DNA) complexes, known as heme·DNAzymes, are able to utilize hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant to vigorously catalyze a variety of one-electron (peroxidase) and two-electron (peroxygenase) oxidation reactions. Herein, we show that complexes of FeII-heme with GQs also robustly catalyze a mechanistically distinct reaction, carbene transfer to an alkene substrate. Significant enhancements were seen in both reaction kinetics and product turnover (∼180) relative to disaggregated FeII-heme in the absence of DNA or in the presence of other DNA folds, such as single-stranded or double-stranded DNA. Heme binds to GQs by end-stacking. Simple, intramolecularly folded GQs are unable to provide a complexly structured "distal side" environment to the bound heme; therefore, such DNAzymes do not display significant product stereoselectivity. However, intermolecular GQs with multiple pendant nucleotides show increasing stereoselectivity in addition to their enhanced catalytic rates. These results recapitulate the unique functional synergy and highlight the surprising catalytic versatility of complexes formed between heme and DNA/RNA GQs. Our findings suggest that heme·DNAzymes and heme·ribozymes may prove to be useful reagents for carbon-carbon bond forming "green" reactions carried out in vitro and likely within living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanadi Ibrahim
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
- E-mail: (H.I.)
| | - Paul Mulyk
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Dipankar Sen
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
- E-mail: (D.S.)
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75
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Zhang Y. Computational Investigations of Heme Carbenes and Heme Carbene Transfer Reactions. Chemistry 2019; 25:13231-13247. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Stevens Institute of Technology 1 Castle Point on Hudson Hoboken NJ 07030 USA
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76
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Davethu PA, de Visser SP. CO2 Reduction on an Iron-Porphyrin Center: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:6527-6535. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Davethu
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, the University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Sam P. de Visser
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, the University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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77
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Khade RL, Chandgude AL, Fasan R, Zhang Y. Mechanistic Investigation of Biocatalytic Heme Carbenoid Si-H Insertions. ChemCatChem 2019; 11:3101-3108. [PMID: 31428208 PMCID: PMC6699785 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies reported the development of biocatalytic heme carbenoid Si-H insertions for the selective formation of carbon-silicon bonds, but many mechanistic questions remain unaddressed. To this end, a DFT mechanistic investigation was performed which reveals an FeII-based concerted hydride transfer mechanism with early transition state feature. The results from these computational analyses are consistent with experimental data of radical trapping, kinetic isotope effects, and structure-reactivity data using engineered variants of hemoproteins. Detailed geometric and electronic profiles along the heme catalyzed Si-H insertion pathways were provided to help understand the origin of experimental reactivity trends. Quantitative relationships between reaction barriers and some properties such as charge transfer from substrate to heme carbene and Si-H bond length change from reactant to transition state were found. Results suggest catalyst modifications to facilitate the charge transfer from the silane substrate to the carbene, which was determined to be a major electronic driving force of this reaction, should enable the development of improved biocatalysts for Si-H carbene insertion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul L Khade
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030 (USA)
| | - Ajay L Chandgude
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY 14627 (USA)
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY 14627 (USA)
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030 (USA)
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78
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Wang HX, Wan Q, Wu K, Low KH, Yang C, Zhou CY, Huang JS, Che CM. Ruthenium(II) Porphyrin Quinoid Carbene Complexes: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Reactivity toward Carbene Transfer and Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9027-9046. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qingyun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation, Shenzhen, China
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79
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Chen K, Huang X, Zhang SQ, Zhou AZ, Kan SBJ, Hong X, Arnold FH. Engineered Cytochrome c-Catalyzed Lactone-Carbene B-H Insertion. Synlett 2019; 30:378-382. [PMID: 30930550 PMCID: PMC6436545 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1611662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has demonstrated that variants of a heme protein, Rhodothermus marinus cytochrome c (Rma cyt c), catalyze abiological carbene boron-hydrogen (B-H) bond insertion with high efficiency and selectivity. Here we investigated this carbon-boron bondforming chemistry with cyclic, lactone-based carbenes. Using directed evolution, we obtained a Rma cyt c variant BOR LAC that shows high selectivity and efficiency for B-H insertion of 5- and 6-membered lactone carbenes (up to 24,500 total turnovers and 97.1:2.9 enantiomeric ratio). The enzyme shows low activity with a 7-membered lactone carbene. Computational studies revealed a highly twisted geometry of the 7membered lactone carbene intermediate relative to 5- and 6-membered ones. Directed evolution of cytochrome c together with computational characterization of key iron-carbene intermediates has allowed us to expand the scope of enzymatic carbene B-H insertion to produce new lactone-based organoborons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Xiongyi Huang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Shuo-Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 31007, P. R. of China
| | - Andrew Z Zhou
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - S B Jennifer Kan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 31007, P. R. of China
| | - Frances H Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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80
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Tinoco A, Wei Y, Bacik JP, Carminati DM, Moore EJ, Ando N, Zhang Y, Fasan R. Origin of high stereocontrol in olefin cyclopropanation catalyzed by an engineered carbene transferase. ACS Catal 2019; 9:1514-1524. [PMID: 31134138 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in metalloprotein engineering have led to the development of a myoglobin-based catalyst, Mb(H64V,V68A), capable of promoting the cyclopropanation of vinylarenes with high efficiency and high diastereo- and enantioselectivity. Whereas many enzymes evolved in nature often exhibit catalytic proficiency and exquisite stereoselectivity, how these features are achieved for a non-natural reaction has remained unclear. In this work, the structural determinants responsible for chiral induction and high stereocontrol in Mb(H64V,V68A)-catalyzed cyclopropanation were investigated via a combination of crystallographic, computational (DFT), and structure-activity analyses. Our results show the importance of steric complementarity and non-covalent interactions involving first-sphere active site residues, heme-carbene, and the olefin substrate, in dictating the stereochemical outcome of the cyclopropanation reaction. High stereocontrol is achieved through two major mechanisms. First, by enforcing a specific conformation of the heme-bound carbene within the active site. Second, by controlling the geometry of attack of the olefin on the carbene via steric occlusion, attractive van der Waals forces and protein-mediated π-π interactions with the olefin substrate. These insights could be leveraged to expand the substrate scope of the myoglobin-based cyclopropanation catalyst toward non-activated olefins and to increase its cyclopropanation activity in the presence of a bulky α-diazo-ester. This work sheds first light into the origin of enzyme-catalyzed enantioselective cyclopropanation, furnishing a mechanistic framework for both understanding the reactivity of current systems and guiding the future development of biological catalysts for this class of synthetically important, abiotic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Yang Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - John-Paul Bacik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Daniela M. Carminati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Eric J. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Nozomi Ando
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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81
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Shimizu T, Lengalova A, Martínek V, Martínková M. Heme: emergent roles of heme in signal transduction, functional regulation and as catalytic centres. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:5624-5657. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00268e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms of unprecedented functions of exchangeable/labile heme and heme proteins including transcription, DNA binding, protein kinase activity, K+ channel functions, cis–trans isomerization, N–N bond formation, and other functions are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Shimizu
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Lengalova
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Václav Martínek
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Martínková
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University
- Prague 2
- Czech Republic
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82
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Yum JH, Park S, Sugiyama H. G-quadruplexes as versatile scaffolds for catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:9547-9561. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01876j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the beginning, progress, and prospects of non-canonical DNA-based hybrid catalysts focusing on G-quadruplexes as versatile scaffolds for catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Yum
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8502
- Japan
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8502
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8502
- Japan
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83
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Keipour H, Jalba A, Tanbouza N, Carreras V, Ollevier T. α-Thiocarbonyl synthesisviathe FeII-catalyzed insertion reaction of α-diazocarbonyls into S–H bonds. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3098-3102. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00261h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fe(OTf)2was used to catalyze the insertion reaction of α-diazocarbonyls into S–H bonds at 40 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Keipour
- Département de chimie
- Université Laval
- Québec
- Canada
| | - Angela Jalba
- Département de chimie
- Université Laval
- Québec
- Canada
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84
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Abstract
Enzymes are complex biological catalysts and are critical to life. Most oxidations of chemicals are catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) enzymes, which generally utilize mixed-function oxidase stoichiometry, utilizing pyridine nucleotides as electron donors: NAD(P)H + O2 + R → NAD(P)+ + RO + H2O (where R is a carbon substrate and RO is an oxidized product). The catalysis of oxidations is largely understood in the context of the heme iron-oxygen complex generally referred to as Compound I, formally FeO3+, whose basis was in peroxidase chemistry. Many X-ray crystal structures of P450s are now available (≥ 822 structures from ≥146 different P450s) and have helped in understanding catalytic specificity. In addition to hydroxylations, P450s catalyze more complex oxidations, including C-C bond formation and cleavage. Enzymes derived from P450s by directed evolution can even catalyze more unusual reactions, e.g. cyclopropanation. Current P450 questions under investigation include the potential role of the intermediate Compound 0 (formally FeIII-O2 -) in catalysis of some reactions, the roles of high- and low-spin forms of Compound I, the mechanism of desaturation, the roles of open and closed structures of P450s in catalysis, the extent of processivity in multi-step oxidations, and the role of the accessory protein cytochrome b 5. More global questions include exactly how structure drives function, prediction of catalysis, and roles of multiple protein conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
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85
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Chandgude AL, Fasan R. Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Nitrile-Substituted Cyclopropanes by Myoglobin-Mediated Carbene Transfer Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15852-15856. [PMID: 30300955 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A chemobiocatalytic strategy for the highly stereoselective synthesis of nitrile-substituted cyclopropanes is reported. The present approach relies on an asymmetric olefin cyclopropanation reaction catalyzed by an engineered myoglobin in the presence of ex situ generated diazoacetonitrile within a compartmentalized reaction system. This method enabled the efficient transformation of a broad range of olefin substrates at a preparative scale with up to 99.9 % de and ee and up to 5600 turnovers. The enzymatic product could be further elaborated to afford a variety of functionalized chiral cyclopropanes. This work expands the range of synthetically valuable, abiotic transformations accessible through biocatalysis and paves the way to the practical and safe exploitation of diazoacetonitrile in biocatalytic carbene transfer reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay L Chandgude
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
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86
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Chandgude AL, Fasan R. Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Nitrile‐Substituted Cyclopropanes by Myoglobin‐Mediated Carbene Transfer Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay L. Chandgude
- Department of Chemistry University of Rochester 120 Trustee Road Rochester NY 14627 USA
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry University of Rochester 120 Trustee Road Rochester NY 14627 USA
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87
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Chen K, Zhang SQ, Brandenberg OF, Hong X, Arnold FH. Alternate Heme Ligation Steers Activity and Selectivity in Engineered Cytochrome P450-Catalyzed Carbene-Transfer Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16402-16407. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Shuo-Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Oliver F. Brandenberg
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Frances H. Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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88
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Torrent-Sucarrat M, Arrastia I, Arrieta A, Cossío FP. Stereoselectivity, Different Oxidation States, and Multiple Spin States in the Cyclopropanation of Olefins Catalyzed by Fe–Porphyrin Complexes. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Torrent-Sucarrat
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 3, 20018 San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4, 20018 San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo, 36-5 Plaza Bizkaia, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iosune Arrastia
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 3, 20018 San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4, 20018 San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain
| | - Ana Arrieta
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 3, 20018 San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain
| | - Fernando P. Cossío
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 3, 20018 San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4, 20018 San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain
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89
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Su H, Ma G, Liu Y. Theoretical Insights into the Mechanism and Stereoselectivity of Olefin Cyclopropanation Catalyzed by Two Engineered Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:11738-11745. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Su
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Guangcai Ma
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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90
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Vargas DA, Tinoco A, Tyagi V, Fasan R. Myoglobin-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization of Unprotected Indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9911-9915. [PMID: 29905974 PMCID: PMC6376986 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized indoles are recurrent motifs in bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. While transition metal-catalyzed carbene transfer has provided an attractive route to afford C3-functionalized indoles, these protocols are viable only in the presence of N-protected indoles, owing to competition from the more facile N-H insertion reaction. Herein, a biocatalytic strategy for enabling the direct C-H functionalization of unprotected indoles is reported. Engineered variants of myoglobin provide efficient biocatalysts for this reaction, which has no precedents in the biological world, enabling the transformation of a broad range of indoles in the presence of ethyl α-diazoacetate to give the corresponding C3-functionalized derivatives in high conversion yields and excellent chemoselectivity. This strategy could be exploited to develop a concise chemoenzymatic route to afford the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Vargas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Antonio Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Vikas Tyagi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
- Current address: School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Punjab, India
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
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91
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Wang EH, Ping YJ, Li ZR, Qin H, Xu ZJ, Che CM. Iron Porphyrin Catalyzed Insertion Reaction of N-Tosylhydrazone-Derived Carbenes into X–H (X = Si, Sn, Ge) Bonds. Org Lett 2018; 20:4641-4644. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- En-Hui Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Ji Ping
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 354 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Rui Li
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 354 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Hongling Qin
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 354 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Jiang Xu
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 354 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 354 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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92
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Lewis RD, Garcia-Borràs M, Chalkley MJ, Buller AR, Houk KN, Kan SBJ, Arnold FH. Catalytic iron-carbene intermediate revealed in a cytochrome c carbene transferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:7308-7313. [PMID: 29946033 PMCID: PMC6048479 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807027115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, heme proteins have been discovered and engineered by directed evolution to catalyze chemical transformations that are biochemically unprecedented. Many of these nonnatural enzyme-catalyzed reactions are assumed to proceed through a catalytic iron porphyrin carbene (IPC) intermediate, although this intermediate has never been observed in a protein. Using crystallographic, spectroscopic, and computational methods, we have captured and studied a catalytic IPC intermediate in the active site of an enzyme derived from thermostable Rhodothermus marinus (Rma) cytochrome c High-resolution crystal structures and computational methods reveal how directed evolution created an active site for carbene transfer in an electron transfer protein and how the laboratory-evolved enzyme achieves perfect carbene transfer stereoselectivity by holding the catalytic IPC in a single orientation. We also discovered that the IPC in Rma cytochrome c has a singlet ground electronic state and that the protein environment uses geometrical constraints and noncovalent interactions to influence different IPC electronic states. This information helps us to understand the impressive reactivity and selectivity of carbene transfer enzymes and offers insights that will guide and inspire future engineering efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell D Lewis
- Division of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Marc Garcia-Borràs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Matthew J Chalkley
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Andrew R Buller
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
| | - S B Jennifer Kan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Frances H Arnold
- Division of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125;
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
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93
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Moore EJ, Steck V, Bajaj P, Fasan R. Chemoselective Cyclopropanation over Carbene Y-H Insertion Catalyzed by an Engineered Carbene Transferase. J Org Chem 2018; 83:7480-7490. [PMID: 29905476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hemoproteins have recently emerged as promising biocatalysts for promoting a variety of carbene transfer reactions including cyclopropanation and Y-H insertion (Y = N, S, Si, B). For these and synthetic carbene transfer catalysts alike, achieving high chemoselectivity toward cyclopropanation in olefin substrates bearing unprotected Y-H groups has proven remarkably challenging due to competition from the more facile carbene Y-H insertion reaction. In this report, we describe the development of a novel artificial metalloenzyme based on an engineered myoglobin incorporating a serine-ligated Co-porphyrin cofactor that is capable of offering high selectivity toward olefin cyclopropanation over N-H and Si-H insertion. Intramolecular competition experiments revealed a distinct and dramatically altered chemoselectivity of the Mb(H64V,V68A,H93S)[Co(ppIX)] variant in carbene transfer reactions compared to myoglobin-based variants containing the native histidine-ligated heme cofactor or other metal/proximal ligand substitutions. These studies highlight the functional plasticity of myoglobin as a "carbene transferase" and illustrate how modulation of the cofactor environment within this metalloprotein scaffold represents a valuable strategy for accessing carbene transfer reactivity not exhibited by naturally occurring hemoproteins or transition metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Moore
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , United States
| | - Viktoria Steck
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , United States
| | - Priyanka Bajaj
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , United States
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , United States
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94
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Vargas DA, Tinoco A, Tyagi V, Fasan R. Myoglobin‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalization of Unprotected Indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Vargas
- Department of Chemistry University of Rochester 120 Trustee Road Rochester NY 14627 USA
| | - Antonio Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry University of Rochester 120 Trustee Road Rochester NY 14627 USA
| | - Vikas Tyagi
- Department of Chemistry University of Rochester 120 Trustee Road Rochester NY 14627 USA
- Current address: School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab India
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry University of Rochester 120 Trustee Road Rochester NY 14627 USA
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95
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Lv Y, Ogunlana AA, Li H, Gao D, Wang C, Bao X. Understanding the chemoselectivities between carbonyl and hydroxyl groups in the Rh(ii)–azavinyl carbene involved reactions. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy00899j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Computational studies were carried out to understand the chemoselectivities between carbonyl and hydroxyl groups in the Rh(ii)–AVC involved reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Lv
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Abosede Adejoke Ogunlana
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Hongli Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Dafang Gao
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Chenli Wang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
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