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Fichi G, Flamini G, Zaralli LJ, Perrucci S. Efficacy of an essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum against Psoroptes cuniculi. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 14:227-31. [PMID: 16487693 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo acaricidal effects of an essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicun leaves on Psoroptes cuniculi, a mange mite. In vitro, 2.5 ml of the essential oil diluted at different concentrations, from 10% to 0.03%, in paraffin oil were added to Petri dishes containing all motile stages of P. cuniculi. Mites mortality observed in these dishes was compared with that observed in untreated and treated (AcaCerulen R) control plates. In vivo, one group of six P. cuniculi infected rabbits was topically treated two times at seven days interval with two ml of the essential oil at the concentration of 2.5% in paraffin oil and compared with untreated and treated (AcaCerulen R) control groups of six rabbits each. After 24 h of contact, all concentrations of essential oil between 0.10 and 10% showed a good in vitro acaricidal efficacy if compared with the untreated controls (p<0.01), but only the concentrations between 0.16 and 10% turned out as active as the drug. In vivo, the treatment with the essential oil cured all infested rabbits and no statistical differences were observed with the treated control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fichi
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Profilassi ed Igiene degli Alimenti-Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Pisa University, Italy
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52
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Cheng SS, Chang HT, Wu CL, Chang ST. Anti-termitic activities of essential oils from coniferous trees against Coptotermes formosanus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2007; 98:456-9. [PMID: 16495050 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2005] [Revised: 01/03/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2006] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the anti-termitic activities of 11 essential oils from three species of coniferous tree against Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki were investigated using direct contact application. Results demonstrated that at the dosage of 10 mg/g, the heartwood and sapwood essential oils of Calocedrus macrolepis var. formosana and Cryptomeria japonica and the leaf essential oil of Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana had 100% mortality after 5 d of test. Among the tested essential oils, the heartwood essential oil of C. macrolepis var. formosana killed all termites after 1 d of test, with an LC(50) value of 2.6 mg/g, exhibiting the strongest termiticidal property. The termiticidal effect of heartwood essential oil was due to its toxicity and its repellent action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Sung Cheng
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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53
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Cheng SS, Liu JY, Hsui YR, Chang ST. Chemical polymorphism and antifungal activity of essential oils from leaves of different provenances of indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2006; 97:306-12. [PMID: 16171686 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2004] [Revised: 02/05/2005] [Accepted: 02/10/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The essential oils isolated from nine geographical provenances of indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh.) leaves were examined by GC-MS and their chemical constituents were compared. According to GC-MS and cluster analyses the leaf essential oils of the nine provenances and their relative contents were classified into six chemotypes-cinnamaldehyde type, cinnamaldehyde/cinnamyl acetate type, cinnamyl acetate type, linalool type, camphor type and mixed type. In addition, the antifungal activities of leaf essential oils and their constituents from six chemotypes of indigenous cinnamon were investigated in this study. Results from the antifungal tests demonstrated that the leaf essential oils of cinnamaldehyde type and cinnamaldehyde/cinnamyl acetate type had an excellent inhibitory effect against white-rot fungi, Trametes versicolor and Lenzites betulina and brown-rot fungus Laetiporus sulphureus. The antifungal indices of leaf essential oils from these two chemotypes at the level of 200 micro/ml against T. versicolor, L. betulina and L. sulphureus were all 100%. Among them, the IC(50) (50% of inhibitory concentrations) value of the essential oil of cinnamaldehyde type leaf against L. sulphureus was 52-59microg/ml. Cinnamaldehyde possessed the strongest antifungal activities in comparison with other constituents of the essential oils from cinnamaldehyde type leaf, at the level of 100microg/ml its antifungal indices against T. versicolor, L. betulina and L. sulphureus were 100%. The IC50 values of cinnamaldehyde against T. versicolor, L. betulina and L. sulphureus were 73, 74 and 73microg/ml, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Sung Cheng
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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54
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Chapter 2 Pesticides based on plant essential oils: from traditional practice to commercialization. ADVANCES IN PHYTOMEDICINE 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-557x(06)03002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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55
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Anthony JP, Fyfe L, Smith H. Plant active components - a resource for antiparasitic agents? Trends Parasitol 2005; 21:462-8. [PMID: 16099722 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2005.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2005] [Revised: 06/23/2005] [Accepted: 08/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant essential oils (and/or active components) can be used as alternatives or adjuncts to current antiparasitic therapies. Garlic oil has broad-spectrum activity against Trypanosoma, Plasmodium, Giardia and Leishmania, and Cochlospermum planchonii and Croton cajucara oils specifically inhibit Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania amazonensis, respectively. Some plant oils have immunomodulatory effects that could modify host-parasite immunobiology, and the lipid solubility of plant oils might offer alternative, transcutaneous delivery routes. The emergence of parasites resistant to current chemotherapies highlights the importance of plant essential oils as novel antiparasitic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Anthony
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Biological Sciences, Queen Margaret University College, Clerwood Terrace, Edinburgh, UK, EH12 8TS
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56
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Nájera C, Botella L. Chemoselective Heck arylation of acrolein diethyl acetal catalyzed by an oxime-derived palladacycle. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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57
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Chao LK, Hua KF, Hsu HY, Cheng SS, Liu JY, Chang ST. Study on the antiinflammatory activity of essential oil from leaves of Cinnamomum osmophloeum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:7274-8. [PMID: 16131142 DOI: 10.1021/jf051151u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The leaf essential oil from indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh.) was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and 21 compounds were identified. The major constituents of leaf essential oil were the monoterpenes 1,8-cineole (17.0%) and santolina triene (14.2%) and the sesquiterpenes spathulenol (15.7%) and caryophyllene oxide (11.2%). In the antiinflammatory activity assay, we demonstrated that the essential oil has a higher capacity to inhibit proIL-1beta protein expression induced by LPS-treated J774A.1 murine macrophage. At dosages of 60 microg/mL, essential oil clearly inhibited proIL-1beta protein expression. Furthermore, a dose of 60 microg/mL of essential oil was effectively inhibitory for IL-1beta and IL-6 production but not for TNF-alpha, suggesting that essential oil was bioactive in antiinflammation in vitro. This study is the first to report antiinflammatory activity of extracts obtained from the leaf essential oil of C. osmophloeum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Kuoping Chao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Chung Hwa College of Medical Technology, Tainan 717, Taiwan
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58
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Georgieva E, Handjieva N, Popov S, Evstatieva L. Comparative analysis of the volatiles from flowers and leaves of three Gentiana species. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2005.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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59
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Using experimental studies and theoretical calculations to analyze the molecular mechanism of coumarin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and cinnamic acid. J Mol Struct 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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60
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Wang SY, Chen PF, Chang ST. Antifungal activities of essential oils and their constituents from indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum) leaves against wood decay fungi. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2005; 96:813-818. [PMID: 15607195 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2004.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2003] [Revised: 07/12/2004] [Accepted: 07/16/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh is one of the hardwood species indigenous to Taiwan that possesses significant antifungal activity. To examine the antifungal activity of leaf essential oils and dominant constituents from C. osmophloeum, the essential oils of leaves from three clones (A, B, and C) collected from Haw-Lin experimental forest were extracted and their components analyzed by gas chromatography. Results from the antifungal tests demonstrated that the essential oils of both B and C leaves had strong inhibitory effects. The antifungal indices of these two leaf oils at 100 ppm against five strains of white rot fungi and four strains of brown rot fungi were all 100%. Cinnamaldehyde, the major compound in C. osmophloeum leaf essential oils, possessed the strongest antifungal activities compared with the other components. Its antifungal indices against both Coriolus versicolor and Laetiporus sulphureus were 100%. The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of cinnamaldehyde against C. versicolor and L. sulphureus was 50 and 75 ppm, respectively. In addition, comparisons of the antifungal indices of cinnamaldehyde's congeners proved that cinnamaldehyde exhibited the strongest antifungal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yang Wang
- Department of Forestry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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61
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Dighe VV, Gursale AA, Sane RT, Menon S, Patel PH. Quantitative Determination of Eugenol from Cinnamomum tamala Nees and Eberm. Leaf Powder and Polyherbal Formulation Using Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2005. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-005-0527-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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62
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Cheng SS, Wu CL, Chang HT, Kao YT, Chang ST. Antitermitic and antifungal activities of essential oil of Calocedrus formosana leaf and its composition. J Chem Ecol 2005; 30:1957-67. [PMID: 15609830 DOI: 10.1023/b:joec.0000045588.67710.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Calocedrus formosana Florin (Cupressaceae) is an endemic tree species in Taiwan; its timber is recognized for natural decay resistance. To examine the antitermitic and antifungal activities of leaf essential oil and its main constituents, C. formosana leaves were extracted and the essential oils analyzed by GC-MS. Bioactivity tests against the termite Coptotermes formosanus demonstrate that the LC50 value of leaf essential oil is 27.6 mg/g. Furthermore, exposure to T-muurolol caused 100% mortality at a dosage of 5 mg/g after 14 d. Leaf oil constituents displayed activity against four fungi, Lenzites betulina, Pycnoporus coccineus, Trametes versicolor, and Laetiporus sulphureus. Two compounds, alpha-cadinol and T-muurolol, exhibited the strongest antifungal activity. The LC50 values of alpha-cadinol against L. sulphureus, L. betulina, and T. versicolor are 9.9, 28.6, and 30.4 microg/ml, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Sung Cheng
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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63
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Fang SH, Rao YK, Tzeng YM. Inhibitory effects of flavonol glycosides from Cinnamomum osmophloeum on inflammatory mediators in LPS/IFN-γ-activated murine macrophages. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:2381-8. [PMID: 15755640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2004] [Accepted: 01/26/2005] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Four kaempferol glycosides were isolated from the leaves of Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh, a Taiwan endemic tree. These compounds namely, kaempferitrin (1), kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (2), kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), and kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-apiofuranosy-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (4). The structure of compound 2 was determined by spectroscopic analyses and acid hydrolysis. The isolates 1-4 were evaluated as inhibitors of some macrophage functions involved in the inflammatory process. These four compounds inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-gamma-induced nitric oxide (NO), and cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-12] in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration of 50% inhibition (IC(50)) of NO by compounds 1, 3, 4 were 40, 15, 20microM, respectively. In parallel, these concentrations were approximately in a similar manner to that observed for TNF-alpha and IL-12 production. However, compound 2 inhibited NO and cytokines production by 30% at 100microM concentration. On the other hand, compounds 3 and 4 showed no inhibitory effect on the production of NO from macrophages, when inducible NO synthase was already expressed by the stimulation with LPS and IFN-gamma. Taken together, our results provide evidence that isolates of C. osmophloeum possess an anti-inflammatory potential which constitutes a previously unrecognized biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hua Fang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 400, Taiwan, ROC
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64
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Cheng SS, Lin HY, Chang ST. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils from different tissues of Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:614-619. [PMID: 15686410 DOI: 10.1021/jf0484529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study antifungal activities of essential oils from different tissues of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) against four wood decay fungi and six tree pathogenic fungi were investigated. In addition, the yields of essential oils obtained by water distillation were compared and their constituents determined by GC-MS analyses. The yield of essential oils from four tissues of Japanese cedar is in the decreasing order of leaf (27.38 mL/kg) > bark (6.31 mL/kg) > heartwood (3.80 mL/kg) > sapwood (1.27 mL/kg). Results obtained from the antifungal tests demonstrate that the essential oil of Japanese cedar heartwood used against Laetiporus sulphureus and Trametes versicolor and sapwood essential oil used against L. sulphureus had strong antifungal activities at 500 mug/mL, with IC(50) values of 39, 91, and 94 microg/mL, respectively. Besides, the essential oils of Japanese cedar heartwood used against Rhizoctonia solani, Collectotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium solani, and Ganoderma australe had strong antifungal activities at 500 microg/mL, with IC(50) values of 65, 80, 80, and 110 microg/mL, respectively. GC-MS analyses showed that the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon compounds dominate in the essential oil from Japanese cedar heartwood, amounting to a total percentage of 82.56%, with the major compounds of delta-cadinene (18.60%), isoledene (12.41%), and gamma-muurolene (11.82%). It is proposed that the excellent antifungal activities of Japanese cedar heartwood essential oils might correlate with the presence of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Sung Cheng
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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65
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Cheng SS, Liu JY, Tsai KH, Chen WJ, Chang ST. Chemical composition and mosquito larvicidal activity of essential oils from leaves of different Cinnamomum osmophloeum provenances. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:4395-4400. [PMID: 15237942 DOI: 10.1021/jf0497152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chemical compositions of leaf essential oils from eight provenances of indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh.) were compared. According to GC-MS and cluster analyses, the leaf essential oils of the eight provenances and their relative contents were classified into five chemotypes-cinnamaldehyde type, linalool type, camphor type, cinnamaldehyde/cinnamyl acetate type, and mixed type. The larvicidal activities of leaf essential oils and their constituents from the five chemotypes of indigenous cinnamon trees were evaluated by mosquito larvicidal assay. Results of larvicidal tests demonstrated that the leaf essential oils of cinnamaldehyde type and cinnamaldehyde/cinnamyl acetate type had an excellent inhibitory effect against the fourth-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. The LC(50) values for cinnamaldehyde type and cinnamaldehyde/cinnamyl acetate type against A. aegypti larvae in 24 h were 36 ppm (LC(90) = 79 ppm) and 44 ppm (LC(90) = 85 ppm), respectively. Results of the 24-h mosquito larvicidal assays also showed that the effective constituents in leaf essential oils were cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, anethole, and cinnamyl acetate and that the LC(50) values of these constituents against A. aegypti larvae were <50 ppm. Cinnamaldehyde had the best mosquito larvicidal activity, with an LC(50) of 29 ppm (LC(90) = 48 ppm) against A. aegypti. Comparisons of mosquito larvicidal activity of cinnamaldehyde congeners revealed that cinnamaldehyde exhibited the strongest mosquito larvicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Sung Cheng
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation and Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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66
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Battistuzzi G, Cacchi S, Fabrizi G. An efficient palladium-catalyzed synthesis of cinnamaldehydes from acrolein diethyl acetal and aryl iodides and bromides. Org Lett 2003; 5:777-80. [PMID: 12605513 DOI: 10.1021/ol034071p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of aryl iodides and bromides with acrolein diethyl acetal in the presence of Pd(OAc)(2), (n)()Bu(4)NOAc, K(2)CO(3), KCl, and DMF, at 90 degrees C until the disappearance of the acetal followed by the addition of 2 N HCl to the crude reaction mixture, affords cinnamaldehydes in good to high yields. A variety of functional groups are tolerated in the aryl halides, including ether, aldehyde, ketone, ester, dialkylamino, nitrile, and nitro groups. The presence of substituents close to the oxidative addition site does not hamper the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Battistuzzi
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università degli Studi "La Sapienza", P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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67
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Current Awareness in Flavour and Fragrance. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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68
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Current Awareness in Flavour and Fragrance. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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