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Guha S, Cao M, Kane RM, Savino AM, Zou S, Dong Y. The longevity effect of cranberry extract in Caenorhabditis elegans is modulated by daf-16 and osr-1. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1559-74. [PMID: 22864793 PMCID: PMC3776105 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are known to have numerous health and disease preventing properties. Recent studies suggest that extracts containing cranberry may have anti-aging benefits. However, little is known about whether and how cranberry by itself promotes longevity and healthspan in any organism. Here we examined the effect of a cranberry only extract on lifespan and healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Supplementation of the diet with cranberry extract (CBE) increased the lifespan in C. elegans in a concentration-dependent manner. Cranberry also increased tolerance of C. elegans to heat shock, but not to oxidative stress or ultraviolet irradiation. In addition, we tested the effect of cranberry on brood size and motility and found that cranberry did not influence these behaviors. Our mechanistic studies indicated that lifespan extension induced by CBE requires the insulin/IGF signaling pathway and DAF-16. We also found that cranberry promotes longevity through osmotic stress resistant-1 (OSR-1) and one of its downstream effectors, UNC-43, but not through SEK-1, a component of the p38 MAP kinase pathway. However, SIR-2.1 and JNK signaling pathways are not required for cranberry to promote longevity. Our findings suggest that cranberry supplementation confers increased longevity and stress resistance in C. elegans through pathways modulated by daf-16 and osr-1. This study reveals the anti-aging property of widely consumed cranberry and elucidates the underpinning mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujay Guha
- />Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Min Cao
- />Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
- />Institute for Engaged Aging, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Ryan M. Kane
- />Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Anthony M. Savino
- />Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Sige Zou
- />Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Yuqing Dong
- />Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
- />Institute for Engaged Aging, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
- />Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
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Jara-Palacios MJ, González-Manzano S, Escudero-Gilete ML, Hernanz D, Dueñas M, González-Paramás AM, Heredia FJ, Santos-Buelga C. Study of zalema grape pomace: phenolic composition and biological effects in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:5114-5121. [PMID: 23639176 DOI: 10.1021/jf400795s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The phenolic composition of the extractable fraction of Zalema grape pomace has been analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MS and consisted of mainly flavanols and flavonols (122.75 and 23.11 mg/100 g dry pomace, respectively). The antioxidant activity has been determined by in vitro FRAP, ABTS, and ORAC assays (11.7, 34.9, and 63.6 mmol of Trolox equivalents (TE) per 100 g of dry pomace, respectively) and in vivo using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans . Cultivation of C. elegans in media containing 100 μg/mL dry pomace extract increased the survival of worms submitted to thermally induced oxidative stress, whereas a decrease in the rate of worm survival was found for 300 μg/mL extract. Interestingly, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly decreased in stressed worms treated with the pomace extract at the two concentration levels. Further studies are required to explain this unexpected behavior, as well as to determine the compounds and mechanisms involved in the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M José Jara-Palacios
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Martorell P, Bataller E, Llopis S, Gonzalez N, Álvarez B, Montón F, Ortiz P, Ramón D, Genovés S. A cocoa peptide protects Caenorhabditis elegans from oxidative stress and β-amyloid peptide toxicity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63283. [PMID: 23675471 PMCID: PMC3652819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cocoa and cocoa-based products contain different compounds with beneficial properties for human health. Polyphenols are the most frequently studied, and display antioxidant properties. Moreover, protein content is a very interesting source of antioxidant bioactive peptides, which can be used therapeutically for the prevention of age-related diseases. Methodology/Principal Findings A bioactive peptide, 13L (DNYDNSAGKWWVT), was obtained from a hydrolyzed cocoa by-product by chromatography. The in vitro inhibition of prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) was used as screening method to select the suitable fraction for peptide identification. Functional analysis of 13L peptide was achieved using the transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strain CL4176 expressing the human Aβ1–42 peptide as a pre-clinical in vivo model for Alzheimer's disease. Among the peptides isolated, peptide 13L (1 µg/mL) showed the highest antioxidant activity (P≤0.001) in the wild-type strain (N2). Furthermore, 13L produced a significant delay in body paralysis in strain CL4176, especially in the 24–47 h period after Aβ1–42 peptide induction (P≤0.0001). This observation is in accordance with the reduction of Aβ deposits in CL4176 by western blot. Finally, transcriptomic analysis in wild-type nematodes treated with 13L revealed modulation of the proteosomal and synaptic functions as the main metabolic targets of the peptide. Conclusions/Significance These findings suggest that the cocoa 13L peptide has antioxidant activity and may reduce Aβ deposition in a C. elegans model of Alzheimer's disease; and therefore has a putative therapeutic potential for prevention of age-related diseases. Further studies in murine models and humans will be essential to analyze the effectiveness of the 13L peptide in higher animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Martorell
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Food Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Bataller
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Food Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Llopis
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Food Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Núria Gonzalez
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Food Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Álvarez
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Microbial Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Montón
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Food Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pepa Ortiz
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Food Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Ramón
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Food Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Genovés
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Food Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Pugliese AG, Tomas-Barberan FA, Truchado P, Genovese MI. Flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, vitamin C, and antioxidant activity of Theobroma grandiflorum (Cupuassu) pulp and seeds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:2720-2728. [PMID: 23431956 DOI: 10.1021/jf304349u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The ascorbic acid, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins content and in vitro antioxidant activity of fresh pulps and seeds of cupuassu, harvested at three different times of the year, and in commercial frozen pulps were evaluated. Lipids, total phenolics contents, and antioxidant activities were the highest in the seeds, followed by fresh and commercial frozen pulps, respectively. The latter also showed a lower content of ascorbic acid (9-13 mg/100 g DW) when compared to fresh pulps (96-111 mg/100 g DW). The 8-O-β-D-glucuronides and the corresponding 3″-sulfates of isoscutellarein (5,7,8,4'-tetrahydroxyflavone), hypolaetin (5,7,8,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone), and 8-hydroxychrysoeriol (5,7,8,4'-tetrahydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone), also known as hypoaletin 3'-methyl ether, were identified and quantified (31 mg/g DW) in cupuassu seeds. The same flavonoid profile was present in pulps although in much lower concentrations (0.5 to 2 mg/g DW). The two 8-hydroxychrysoeriol glycosides had not been previously reported in cupuasssu. The content of proanthocyanidin oligomers in seeds (23 mg/g DW), mainly of the epicatechin type, and the mean degree of polymerization (5.5) were calculated. No discernible effect of the harvesting period on the evaluated chemical aspects could be identified. Commercial frozen pulps contained a smaller amount of all these compounds than the fresh pulp, suggesting that these compounds were potentially degraded during processing/storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre G Pugliese
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 14, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Havermann S, Rohrig R, Chovolou Y, Humpf HU, Wätjen W. Molecular effects of baicalein in Hct116 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans : activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway and prolongation of lifespan. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:2158-2164. [PMID: 23339711 DOI: 10.1021/jf304553g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Baicalein is a major compound of extracts derived from Scutellaria baicalensis Lamiaceae, which are used as food supplements. Baicalein possesses a high radical scavenging activity and decreases intracellular reactive oxygen species in Hct116 human colon carcinoma cells and in Caenorhabditis elegans . It activates Nrf2, a key transcription factor that binds to the antioxidant responsive element (ARE): Baicalein causes a nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, increases ARE-dependent luciferase activity, and enhances the expression of heme oxygenase-1 in Hct116 cells. Additionally, accumulation of the Nrf2 homologue SKN-1 in nuclei of intestinal cells of C. elegans was observed. Lifespan analysis revealed that baicalein extends the mean, median, and maximum lifespans of the nematode by 45, 57 and 24%, respectively. Because SKN-1 activation is associated with prolongation of lifespan, the results suggest that baicalein increases the lifespan of C. elegans by activation of the Nrf2/SKN-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Havermann
- Institute of Toxicology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität , P.O. Box 101007, 40001 Düsseldorf, Germany
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56
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Orozco H, Matallana E, Aranda A. Genetic manipulation of longevity-related genes as a tool to regulate yeast life span and metabolite production during winemaking. Microb Cell Fact 2013; 12:1. [PMID: 23282100 PMCID: PMC3583744 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-12-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yeast viability and vitality are essential for different industrial processes where the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used as a biotechnological tool. Therefore, the decline of yeast biological functions during aging may compromise their successful biotechnological use. Life span is controlled by a variety of molecular mechanisms, many of which are connected to stress tolerance and genomic stability, although the metabolic status of a cell has proven a main factor affecting its longevity. Acetic acid and ethanol accumulation shorten chronological life span (CLS), while glycerol extends it. Results Different age-related gene classes have been modified by deletion or overexpression to test their role in longevity and metabolism. Overexpression of histone deacetylase SIR2 extends CLS and reduces acetate production, while overexpression of SIR2 homolog HST3 shortens CLS, increases the ethanol level, and reduces acetic acid production. HST3 overexpression also enhances ethanol tolerance. Increasing tolerance to oxidative stress by superoxide dismutase SOD2 overexpression has only a moderate positive effect on CLS. CLS during grape juice fermentation has also been studied for mutants on several mRNA binding proteins that are regulators of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level; we found that NGR1 and UTH4 deletions decrease CLS, while PUF3 and PUB1 deletions increase it. Besides, the pub1Δ mutation increases glycerol production and blocks stress granule formation during grape juice fermentation. Surprisingly, factors relating to apoptosis, such as caspase Yca1 or apoptosis-inducing factor Aif1, play a positive role in yeast longevity during winemaking as their deletions shorten CLS. Conclusions Manipulation of regulators of gene expression at both transcriptional (i.e., sirtuins) and posttranscriptional (i.e., mRNA binding protein Pub1) levels allows to modulate yeast life span during its biotechnological use. Due to links between aging and metabolism, it also influences the production profile of metabolites of industrial relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Orozco
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos-CSIC, Av, Agustín Escardino, 7, Paterna 46980, Spain
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Martorell P, Llopis S, González N, Montón F, Ortiz P, Genovés S, Ramón D. Caenorhabditis elegans as a model to study the effectiveness and metabolic targets of dietary supplements used for obesity treatment: the specific case of a conjugated linoleic acid mixture (Tonalin). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:11071-11079. [PMID: 23072574 DOI: 10.1021/jf3031138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The antiobesity effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has previously been described in different animal models. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a commercial mixture (Tonalin) on Caenorhabditis elegans to assess their potential use for functional ingredient screenings. Body-fat reduction with Tonalin was demonstrated in wild-type strain N2. The 1 μg/mL dose was the most effective, either alone or added to a food matrix, and also significantly decreased triglyceride content in nematodes fed on the CLA mixture. Furthermore, the antiobesity effect was related to the CLA isomer trans-10, cis-12. Finally, the transcriptional study showed C. elegans fed with Tonalin (1 μg/mL) underwent an upregulation of energy metabolism, reproduction, protein metabolism and oxidative stress processes. In conclusion, the results presented here clearly correlate well with other animal studies, demonstrating the value of C. elegans as a useful model to evaluate antiobesity compounds/ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Martorell
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Food Biotechnology Department, Biópolis SL, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
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58
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Cocoa polyphenols and their potential benefits for human health. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:906252. [PMID: 23150750 PMCID: PMC3488419 DOI: 10.1155/2012/906252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper compiles the beneficial effects of cocoa polyphenols on human health, especially with regard to cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer prevention. Their antioxidant properties may be responsible for many of their pharmacological effects, including the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the protection of LDL-cholesterol against oxidation, and increase resistance to oxidative stress. The phenolics from cocoa also modify the glycemic response and the lipid profile, decreasing platelet function and inflammation along with diastolic and systolic arterial pressures, which, taken together, may reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality. Cocoa polyphenols can also modulate intestinal inflammation through the reduction of neutrophil infiltration and expression of different transcription factors, which leads to decreases in the production of proinflammatory enzymes and cytokines. The phenolics from cocoa may thus protect against diseases in which oxidative stress is implicated as a causal or contributing factor, such as cancer. They also have antiproliferative, antimutagenic, and chemoprotective effects, in addition to their anticariogenic effects.
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59
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Vilaça R, Mendes V, Mendes MV, Carreto L, Amorim MA, de Freitas V, Moradas-Ferreira P, Mateus N, Costa V. Quercetin protects Saccharomyces cerevisiae against oxidative stress by inducing trehalose biosynthesis and the cell wall integrity pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45494. [PMID: 23029052 PMCID: PMC3445532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercetin is a naturally occurring flavonol with antioxidant, anticancer and anti-ageing properties. In this study we aimed to identify genes differentially expressed in yeast cells treated with quercetin and its role in oxidative stress protection. METHODS A microarray analysis was performed to characterize changes in the transcriptome and the expression of selected genes was validated by RT-qPCR. Biological processes significantly affected were identified by using the FUNSPEC software and their relevance in H(2)O(2) resistance induced by quercetin was assessed. RESULTS Genes associated with RNA metabolism and ribosome biogenesis were down regulated in cells treated with quercetin, whereas genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism, endocytosis and vacuolar proteolysis were up regulated. The induction of genes related to the metabolism of energy reserves, leading to the accumulation of the stress protectant disaccharide trehalose, and the activation of the cell wall integrity pathway play a key role in oxidative stress resistance induced by quercetin. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that quercetin may act as a modulator of cell signaling pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism and cell integrity to exert its protective effects against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Vilaça
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanda Mendes
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Química, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Vaz Mendes
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Carreto
- Departamento de Biologia e Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Amélia Amorim
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor de Freitas
- Centro de Investigação em Química, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moradas-Ferreira
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- Centro de Investigação em Química, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Costa
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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González-Manzano S, González-Paramás AM, Delgado L, Patianna S, Surco-Laos F, Dueñas M, Santos-Buelga C. Oxidative status of stressed Caenorhabditis elegans treated with epicatechin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8911-8916. [PMID: 22651237 DOI: 10.1021/jf3004256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to examine the mechanisms involved in the in vivo antioxidant effects of epicatechin (EC), a major flavonoid in the human diet. The influence of EC in different oxidative biomarkers (reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, intracellular glutathione, activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) was studied in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans . Under thermal stress condition, exposure of the worms (wild type N2 strains) to EC (200 μM) significantly reduced ROS levels (up to 28%) and enhanced the production of reduced glutathione (GSH). However, no significant changes were appreciated in the activities of GPx, CAT, and SOD, suggesting that further activation of these antioxidant enzymes was not required once the concentration of ROS in the EC-treated worms was restored to what could be considered physiological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana González-Manzano
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Nutraceutical interventions for promoting healthy aging in invertebrate models. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:718491. [PMID: 22991584 PMCID: PMC3444043 DOI: 10.1155/2012/718491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex and inevitable biological process that is associated with numerous chronically debilitating health effects. Development of effective interventions for promoting healthy aging is an active but challenging area of research. Mechanistic studies in various model organisms, noticeably two invertebrates, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, have identified many genes and pathways as well as dietary interventions that modulate lifespan and healthspan. These studies have shed light on some of the mechanisms involved in aging processes and provide valuable guidance for developing efficacious aging interventions. Nutraceuticals made from various plants contain a significant amount of phytochemicals with diverse biological activities. Phytochemicals can modulate many signaling pathways that exert numerous health benefits, such as reducing cancer incidence and inflammation, and promoting healthy aging. In this paper, we outline the current progress in aging intervention studies using nutraceuticals from an evolutionary perspective in invertebrate models.
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Wine yeast sirtuins and Gcn5p control aging and metabolism in a natural growth medium. Mech Ageing Dev 2012; 133:348-58. [PMID: 22738658 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Grape juice fermentation by wine yeast is an interesting model to understand aging under conditions closer to those in nature. Grape juice is rich in sugars and, unlike laboratory conditions, the limiting factor for yeast growth is nitrogen. We tested the effect of deleting sirtuins and several acetyltransferases to find that the role of many of these proteins during grape juice fermentation is the opposite to that under standard laboratory aging conditions using synthetic complete media. For instance, SIR2 deletion extends maximum chronological lifespan in wine yeasts grown under laboratory conditions, but shortens it in winemaking. Deletions of sirtuin HST2 and acetyltransferase GCN5 have the opposite effect to SIR2 mutation in both media. Acetic acid, a well known pro-aging compound in laboratory conditions, does not play a determinant role on aging during wine fermentation. We discovered that gcn5Δ mutant strain displays strongly increased aldehyde dehydrogenase Ald6p activity, caused by blocking of Ald6p degradation by autophagy under nitrogen limitation conditions, leading to acetic acid accumulation. We describe how nitrogen limitation and TOR inhibition extend the chronological lifespan under winemaking conditions and how the TOR-dependent control of aging partially depends on the Gcn5p function.
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