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Ro KS, Novak JM, Johnson MG, Szogi AA, Libra JA, Spokas KA, Bae S. Leachate water quality of soils amended with different swine manure-based amendments. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 142:92-99. [PMID: 26025669 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the face of the rising level of manure production from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs), management options are being sought that can provide nutrient recycling for plant growth and improved soil conditions with minimal environmental impacts. Alternatives to direct manure application are composting and thermochemical conversion which can destroy pathogens and improve handling and storage. The effect of four forms of swine manure-based soil amendments (raw, compost, hydrochar, and pyrochar) on soil fertility and leachate water quality characteristics of a sandy soil were investigated in soil incubation experiments. All four amendments significantly increased soil carbon, cation exchange capacity and available nutrient contents of the soil. However, hydrochar amended soil leached lower amounts of N, P, and K compared to the other amendments including the control. On the other hand, pyrochar amended soil leached higher concentrations of P and K. Subsequent tests on the hydrochar for K and N adsorption isotherms and surface analysis via XPS suggested that these nutrients were not sorbed directly to the hydrochar surface. Although it is still not clear how these nutrients were retained in the soil amended with hydrochar, it suggests a great potential for hydrochar as an alternative manure management option as the hydrochar can be soil applied while minimizing potential environmental issues from the leaching of high nutrient concentrations to water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Ro
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Coastal Plains Soil, Water & Plant Research Center, Florence, SC 29501, United States
| | - J M Novak
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Coastal Plains Soil, Water & Plant Research Center, Florence, SC 29501, United States
| | - M G Johnson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States
| | - A A Szogi
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Coastal Plains Soil, Water & Plant Research Center, Florence, SC 29501, United States
| | - J A Libra
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Potsdam-Bornim, Germany
| | - K A Spokas
- USDA-ARS, Soil and Water Management Research, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - S Bae
- Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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52
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Hao SW, Hsu CH, Liu YG, Chang BK. Activated carbon derived from hydrothermal treatment of sucrose and its air filtration application. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23958g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Design of an all biodegradable filter paper was achieved with activated carbon derived from sucrose. Full characterization of sucrose hydrochar and activated carbon are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Hao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- National Central University
- Taoyuan
- Republic of China
| | - Chia-Hao Hsu
- Green Energy & Environmental Laboratories
- Industrial Technology Research Institute
- Hsinchu
- Republic of China
| | - Yang-Guang Liu
- Green Energy & Environmental Laboratories
- Industrial Technology Research Institute
- Hsinchu
- Republic of China
| | - Bor Kae Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- National Central University
- Taoyuan
- Republic of China
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53
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Pham TPT, Kaushik R, Parshetti GK, Mahmood R, Balasubramanian R. Food waste-to-energy conversion technologies: current status and future directions. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 38:399-408. [PMID: 25555663 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Food waste represents a significantly fraction of municipal solid waste. Proper management and recycling of huge volumes of food waste are required to reduce its environmental burdens and to minimize risks to human health. Food waste is indeed an untapped resource with great potential for energy production. Utilization of food waste for energy conversion currently represents a challenge due to various reasons. These include its inherent heterogeneously variable compositions, high moisture contents and low calorific value, which constitute an impediment for the development of robust, large scale, and efficient industrial processes. Although a considerable amount of research has been carried out on the conversion of food waste to renewable energy, there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic reviews of the published literature. The present review synthesizes the current knowledge available in the use of technologies for food-waste-to-energy conversion involving biological (e.g. anaerobic digestion and fermentation), thermal and thermochemical technologies (e.g. incineration, pyrolysis, gasification and hydrothermal oxidation). The competitive advantages of these technologies as well as the challenges associated with them are discussed. In addition, the future directions for more effective utilization of food waste for renewable energy generation are suggested from an interdisciplinary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Phuong Thuy Pham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Republic of Singapore
| | - Rajni Kaushik
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ganesh K Parshetti
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Republic of Singapore
| | - Russell Mahmood
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Republic of Singapore
| | - Rajasekhar Balasubramanian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Republic of Singapore.
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54
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Titirici MM, White RJ, Brun N, Budarin VL, Su DS, del Monte F, Clark JH, MacLachlan MJ. Sustainable carbon materials. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:250-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00232f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 860] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based structures are the most versatile materials used in the modern nanotechnology. Therefore there is a need to develop increasingly more sustainable variants of carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin J. White
- Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies
- D-14467 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Nicolas Brun
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier
- UMR 5253
- CNRS-ENSCM-UM2-UM1
- Université Montpellier 2
- 34095 Montpellier
| | - Vitaliy L. Budarin
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence
- University of York
- Department of Chemistry
- York
- UK
| | - Dang Sheng Su
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | | | - James H. Clark
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence
- University of York
- Department of Chemistry
- York
- UK
| | - Mark J. MacLachlan
- The University of British Columbia
- Department of Chemistry
- Vancouver
- Canada
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55
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Zhu X, Qian F, Liu Y, Zhang S, Chen J. Environmental performances of hydrochar-derived magnetic carbon composite affected by its carbonaceous precursor. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07339a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong linear correlations were obtained between hydrochar properties and the environmental performances of its derived magnetic carbon composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3)
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Feng Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3)
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3)
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3)
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3)
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
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Li L, Hale M, Olsen P, Berge ND. Using liquid waste streams as the moisture source during the hydrothermal carbonization of municipal solid wastes. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 34:2185-2195. [PMID: 25074717 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a thermal conversion process that can be an environmentally beneficial approach for the conversion of municipal solid wastes to value-added products. The influence of using activated sludge and landfill leachate as initial moisture sources during the carbonization of paper, food waste and yard waste over time at 250°C was evaluated. Results from batch experiments indicate that the use of activated sludge and landfill leachate are acceptable alternative supplemental liquid sources, ultimately imparting minimal impact on carbonization product characteristics and yields. Regression results indicate that the initial carbon content of the feedstock is more influential than any of the characteristics of the initial liquid source and is statistically significant when describing the relationship associated with all evaluated carbonization products. Initial liquid-phase characteristics are only statistically significant when describing the solids energy content and the mass of carbon in the gas-phase. The use of these alternative liquid sources has the potential to greatly increase the sustainability of the carbonization process. A life cycle assessment is required to quantify the benefits associated with using these alternative liquid sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, 300 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - McKenzie Hale
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, 300 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Petra Olsen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, 300 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Nicole D Berge
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, 300 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.
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Budai A, Wang L, Gronli M, Strand LT, Antal MJ, Abiven S, Dieguez-Alonso A, Anca-Couce A, Rasse DP. Surface properties and chemical composition of corncob and miscanthus biochars: effects of production temperature and method. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3791-3799. [PMID: 24720814 DOI: 10.1021/jf501139f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biochar properties vary, and characterization of biochars is necessary for assessing their potential to sequester carbon and improve soil functions. This study aimed at assessing key surface properties of agronomic relevance for products from slow pyrolysis at 250-800 °C, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), and flash carbonization. The study further aimed at relating surface properties to current characterization indicators. The results suggest that biochar chemical composition can be inferred from volatile matter (VM) and is consistent for corncob and miscanthus feedstocks and for the three tested production methods. High surface area was reached within a narrow temperature range around 600 °C, whereas cation exchange capacity (CEC) peaked at lower temperatures. CEC and pH values of HTC chars differed from those of slow pyrolysis biochars. Neither CEC nor surface area correlated well with VM or atomic ratios. These results suggest that VM and atomic ratios H/C and O/C are good indicators of the degree of carbonization but poor predictors of the agronomic properties of biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Budai
- Soil and Environment Division, Bioforsk - Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research , Frederik A. Dahl vei 20, 1430 Ås, Norway
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