51
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Lerman L, Cempuh Klonkay A, Elenkov I. Collision-induced dissociation of a series of coumarins studied by positive- and negative-ion electrospray triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2004; 10:523-539. [PMID: 15302977 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Aryl-substituted 4-hydroxycoumarins (1-57) were investigated by electrospray ionisation (ESI) mass spectrometry. Their fragmentation in the ion source or in the collision cell of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was investigated. The effect of the substituents in the aromatic ring on the fragmentation of the 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives is shown. The influence of the tautomerism on the formation of quasimolecular ions and mass spectral fragmentation was explained. Mass spectral studies on some deuterated compounds proved some of the proposed fragmentation pathways. Results obtained are very useful in the process of detection and characterisation of 4-hydroxycoumarins, as well as for structural elucidation of their more complex derivatives.
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52
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Ludwig W, Schäfer HJ. Total Synthesis ofrac-Salutaridine and Sinoacutine ((−)-salutaridine)-A Novel Route to the Morphine Skeleton. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.198610251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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53
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Tadic D, Linders JT, Flippen-Anderson JL, Jacobson AE, Rice KC. Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. Part 31: Synthesis of rac-(3R,6aS,11aS)-2-methyl-1,3,4,5,6,11a-hexahydro-2H-3,6a-methanobenzofuro[2,3-c]azocine-10-ol, and azocine-8-ol, the ortho-c and the para-c oxide-bridged phenylmorphan isomers. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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54
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Abstract
A new synthetic strategy for the synthesis of the opiate and amaryllidaceae alkaloids emerges employing a Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation to set the stereochemistry. The pivotal tricyclic intermediate is available in six steps from 2-bromovanillin and the monoester of methyl 6-hydroxycyclohexene-1-carboxylate, the latter available from glutaraldehyde and the Emmons-Wadsworth-Horner phosphate reagent. This intermediate requires only two steps to convert to (-)-galanthamine. Using a Heck vinylation, we found that the fourth ring of codeine/morphine is formed. The final ring formation involves a novel visible light-promoted hydroamination. Thus, six steps are required to convert the pivotal tricyclic intermediate into codeine, which has been demethylated in high yield to morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA.
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55
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Abstract
The preparation of the diastereomerically pure beta-tetralone ketal 4 is reported. Intramolecular alkylidene C-H insertion followed by hydrolysis of 4 proceeded to give the enantiomerically pure cyclopentene 15. The key step in this synthesis was the bis-intramolecular cyclization of keto aldehyde 2 to give the tetracyclic intermediate 20. Enone 20 was converted over several steps to (-)-morphine 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglass F Taber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
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56
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Janssen GM, Thijssen JBA, Verluyten WLM. Synthesis of3H-,14C-, and stable-isotope-labelled galantamine. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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57
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White JD, Hrnciar P, Stappenbeck F. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)-Codeine via Intramolecular Carbenoid Insertion. J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jo990905z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James D. White
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003
| | - Peter Hrnciar
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003
| | - Frank Stappenbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003
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58
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59
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Coop A, Janetka JW, Lewis JW, Rice KC. L-Selectride as a General Reagent for the O-Demethylation and N-Decarbomethoxylation of Opium Alkaloids and Derivatives1. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9801972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Coop
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Building 8, Room B1-23, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0815, and School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - James W. Janetka
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Building 8, Room B1-23, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0815, and School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - John W. Lewis
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Building 8, Room B1-23, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0815, and School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Kenner C. Rice
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Building 8, Room B1-23, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0815, and School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
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60
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Kubota H, Rothman RB, Dersch C, McCullough K, Pinto J, Rice KC. Synthesis and biological activity of 3-substituted 3-desoxynaltrindole derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:799-804. [PMID: 9871544 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The 3-unsubstituted and substituted analogs of naltrindole (NTI) were synthesized using palladium-catalyzed transformations, and their binding affinity to opioid receptors was determined. Although the 3-desoxy analog showed comparable delta selectivity with that of NTI, all of the novel compounds possessed low affinity for delta receptors indicating the important role of the 3-oxygen atom of NTI for interaction with delta-opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kubota
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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61
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Schmidhammer H. Opioid Receptor Antagonists**This review is dedicated to the memory of the late Drs. Sidney Archer and Hans W. Kosterlitz. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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62
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Chapter 3 Biological Activity of Unnatural Alkaloid Enantiomers**This paper is dedicated to Professor Dr. Vladimir Prelog from the Laboratorium for Org. Chemie. ETH-Zentrum, Zürich. Switzerland, on the occasion of his 90th birthday. THE ALKALOIDS: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(08)60041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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63
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White JD, Hrnciar P, Stappenbeck F. Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)-Morphine. The Phenanthrene Route Revisited. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9710994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James D. White
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003
| | - Peter Hrnciar
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003
| | - Frank Stappenbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003
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64
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Nan Y, Xu W, Zaw K, Hughes KE, Huang LF, Dunn WJ, Bauer L, Bhargava HN. Synthesis of 2′-amino-17-cyclopropylmethyl-6,7-dehydro-3,14-dihydroxy-4,5α-epoxy-6,7:4′,5′-thiazolomorphinan from naltrexone. J Heterocycl Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570340417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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65
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66
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Hudlicky T, Butora G, Fearnley SP, Gum AG, Stabile MR. A Historical Perspective of Morphine Syntheses. STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS (PART K) 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(96)80025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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67
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Hosztafi S, Makleit S. Synthesis of New Morphine Derivatives Containing Halogen in the Aromatic Ring. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919408011316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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68
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Szántay C, Dörnyei G, Blaskó G. Chapter 2 The Morphine Alkaloids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0099-9598(08)60277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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69
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Chemical and pharmacological characterization of galanthamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and its derivatives. A potential application in Alzheimer's disease? Eur J Med Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0223-5234(92)90087-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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70
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Hosztafi S, Simon C, Makleit S. Synthesis of N-Demethyl-N-Substituted-14-Hydroxycodeine and Morphine Derivatives+. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1992. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919208021649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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71
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Andre JD, Dormoy JR, Heymes A. O-Demethylation of Opioid Derivatives with Methane Sulfonic Acid/ Methionine: Application to the Synthesis of Naloxone and Analogues. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1992. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919208019086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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72
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73
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Opioid Receptors and their Ligands: Recent Developments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-013318-5.50008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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74
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Abstract
O-Demethylation of pyrilamine with l-propanethiol and potassium tert-butoxide gave hydroxytripelennamine, one of the major metabolites of tripelennamine. The reaction of pyrilamine with other demethylating agents has been explored and the products formed have been characterized. The reaction of pyrilamine with 48% hydrobromic acid yielded 2-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)aminopyridine. When a mild, neutral demethylating agent, Me3Sil, was used, 2,3-dihydroimidazopyridinium iodide was the sole product formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Hsu
- U.S. Army Chemical Research, Development and Engineering Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5423
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75
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Lorenz T, Legge R, Moo-Young M. Production of morphine alkaloids: (S)-norlaudanosoline, a key intermediate. Enzyme Microb Technol 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(88)90070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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76
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Synthesis of dihydromorphinones from dihydrocodeinones. Russ Chem Bull 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00957463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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77
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Labidalle S, Min ZY, Reynet A, Moskowitz H, Vierfond JM, Miocque M, Bucourt R, Thal C. Analogues morphiniques derives des tetra- et hexahydrodibenzofurannes. Tetrahedron 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)85896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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78
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Bedford KR, Nolan SL, Onrust R, Siegers JD. The illicit preparation of morphine and heroin from pharmaceutical products containing codeine: 'homebake' laboratories in New Zealand. Forensic Sci Int 1987; 34:197-204. [PMID: 3666623 DOI: 10.1016/0379-0738(87)90074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Since 1983 a large number of small-scale illicit laboratories producing morphine and heroin from commercially available, codeine-based pharmaceutical products have been encountered in New Zealand. The codeine demethylation procedure is based on the use of pyridine hydrochloride. Very simple laboratory equipment and reagents are required and these can be utilised by people with little or no chemical background, following a recipe-like procedure. The process yields a characteristic product known as 'homebake'. This process is fully described.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Bedford
- Chemistry Division, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Auckland, New Zealand
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79
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Ludwig W, Schäfer HJ. Totalsysnthese vonrac-Salutaridin und Sinoacutin ((–)-Salutaridin), ein neuer Weg zum Morphingerüst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19860981132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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80
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The Development of a Practical Total Synthesis of Natural and Unnatural Codeine, Morphine and Thebaine. PROCEEDINGS IN LIFE SCIENCES 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-70128-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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81
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Abstract
Platinum-oxide hydrogenation of 5-m-methoxyphenyl-2-methyl-9-oxomorphan (I) gave the 9 alpha-hydroxy racemate (II) whose phenolic analogue (III) is a strong antinociceptive agent, fully supportive of morphine dependence in rhesus monkeys. The di-O-acetyl derivative (VI) of III was similar to III in its profile of activity. The diastereoisomer of III (VII), obtained by hydrogenation of the methobromide of I (IV), extrusion of methyl bromide, and O-demethylation of the resultant free base (VIII), was almost inactive antinociceptively and did not suppress withdrawal symptoms in morphine-dependent monkeys. The orientation of the C-9 hydroxyl groups was deduced from spectral data and by analogy.
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82
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Fleischhacker W, Richter B. Claisen-Reaktionen an Codeinen. 8-Alkyl-8, 14-dihydro-6-desmethoxythebaine und -oripavine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19801131218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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83
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Szántay C, Blaskó G, Bárczai-Beke M, Péchy P, Dörnyei G. Studies aiming at the synthesis of morphine II. Tetrahedron Lett 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)78728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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84
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85
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White MW. Determination of morphine and its major metabolite, morphine-3-glucuronide, in blood by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr A 1979; 178:229-40. [PMID: 528652 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)89711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The construction of an electrochemical detector flow cell for high-performance liquid chromatography from stainless steel, which also serves as the auxiliary electrode, is described. Glassy carbon is used for the working electrode in a novel configuration based on a hybrid of the wall-jet and thin-layer arrangements. Application of the detector to the determination of morphine in small blood samples is described. The metabolite, morphine-3-glucuronide, is also determined by hydrolysis with beta-glucoronidase prior to extraction. The detector is capable of detecting less than 1 ng of morphine injected.
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86
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Casy AF. Analgesics and their antagonists: recent developments. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 1978; 22:149-227. [PMID: 360283 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7102-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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87
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Jacquet YF, Klee WA, Rice KC, Iijima I, Minamikawa J. Stereospecific and nonstereospecific effects of (+)- and (-)-morphine: evidence for a new class of receptors? Science 1977; 198:842-5. [PMID: 199942 DOI: 10.1126/science.199942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The unnatural (+) enantiomer of morphine had minimal activity in three opiate assays in vitro: the rat brain homogenate binding assay, the electrically stimulated guinea pig ileum assay, and the inhibition of adenylate cyclase in neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cell homogenates. When (+)-morphine was microinfected into the periaqueductal gray (a site known to mediate morphine analgesia) of drug-naive rats, there was only minimal analgesia, but the hyperresponsivity usually observed after microinfection of (-)-morphine occurred. Also, when (+)-morphine was microinfected into the midbrain reticular formation of drug-naive rats, rotation similar to that following microinjection of (-)-morphine occurred. These behaviors were not blocked by naloxone. Significantly, they typically occur in precipitated abstinence in morphine-dependent rats. These observations suggest that there are at least two classes of receptors, one stereospecific and blocked by naloxone and the other only weakly stereospecific and not blocked by naloxone, and that precipitated abstinence may be due, in part, to a selective blockade of receptors of the former class but not of the latter.
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