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Bourque JR, Burley RKM, Bearne SL. Intermediate analogue inhibitors of mandelate racemase: N-Hydroxyformanilide and cupferron. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:105-8. [PMID: 17055725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Revised: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mandelate racemase (MR) catalyzes the 1,1-proton transfer that interconverts the enantiomers of mandelate. The transition state/intermediate analogues N-hydroxyformanilide (K(i)=2.79+/-0.19 microM) and cupferron (K(i)=2.67+/-0.09 microM) are identified as potent competitive inhibitors of MR. The pH-pK(i) profile indicates that MR can bind either the protonated or deprotonated forms of N-hydroxyformanilide, with a 10-fold greater affinity for the latter form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Bourque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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52
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Abstract
The search for an MMP inhibitor with anticancer efficacy is a nearly three-decade endeavor. This inhibitor is yet to be found. The reasons for this failure include shortcomings in the chemistry of these compounds (including broad MMP sub-type selectivity, metabolic lability, and toxicity) as well as the emerging, and arguably extraordinary, complexity of MMP cell (and cancer) biology. Together these suggest that the successful anticancer inhibitor must possess MMP selectivity against the MMP subtype whose involvement is critical, yet highly temporally (with respect to metastatic progression) and mechanistically (with respect to matrix degradation) regulated. This review summarizes the progression of chemical structure and mechanistic thinking toward these objectives, with emphasis on the disappointment, the perseverance, and the resilient optimism that such an inhibitor is there to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed F Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670, USA
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53
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Tuccinardi T, Martinelli A, Nuti E, Carelli P, Balzano F, Uccello-Barretta G, Murphy G, Rossello A. Amber force field implementation, molecular modelling study, synthesis and MMP-1/MMP-2 inhibition profile of (R)- and (S)-N-hydroxy-2-(N-isopropoxybiphenyl-4-ylsulfonamido)-3-methylbutanamides. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:4260-76. [PMID: 16483784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Ab initio calculations (B3LYP/Lanl2DZ level of theory) were performed in this study to determine all the structural and catalytic zinc parameters required in order to study MMPs and their complexes with hydroxamate inhibitors by means of the AMBER force field. The parameters thus obtained were used in order to study the docking of some known MMPi (Batimastat, CGS 27023A and Prinomastat) and our previously described inhibitor a which had shown an inhibitory activity for MMP-1, and -2, with the aim of explaining the different selectivity. On this basis the two enantiomers (R)-b and (S)-b were designed and synthesized, as more potent MMP-2 inhibitors than our previously described inhibitor a. Between these two enantiomers the eutomer (R)-b proved to be 24.7 times and 15.3 times more potent than CGS 27023A and the parent compound a on MMP-2, maintaining a higher index of MMP-2/MMP-1 selectivity compared with CGS 27023A and the more potent inhibitor Prinomastat. The hydroxamate (R)-b can be considered as a progenitor of a new class of biphenylsulfonamido-based inhibitors that differ from compound a in the presence of an alkyl side chain on the C alpha atom, and show different potency and selectivity profiles on the two MMPs considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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54
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Velázquez F, Arasappan A, Chen K, Sannigrahi M, Venkatraman S, McPhail AT, Chan TM, Shih NY, Njoroge FG. Stereoselective Synthesis of β-Substituted β-Amino Sulfones and Sulfonamides via Addition of Sulfonyl Anions to Chiral N-Sulfinyl Imines. Org Lett 2006; 8:789-92. [PMID: 16468768 DOI: 10.1021/ol053132b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A highly stereoselective synthesis of beta-amino sulfones and sulfonamides via addition of sulfonyl anions to chiral N-sulfinyl imines is described. The addition reaction proceeds in good yield (75-99%) and stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Velázquez
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033-1300, USA.
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55
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Abstract
The advent of large-scale NMR-based screening has enabled new strategies for the design of novel, potent inhibitors of therapeutic targets. In particular, fragment-based strategies, in which molecular portions of the final high-affinity ligand are experimentally identified prior to chemical synthesis, have found widespread utility. This chapter will discuss some of the practical considerations for identifying and utilizing these fragment leads in drug design, with special emphasis on some of the lessons learned from more than a decade of industry experience.
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56
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Rossello A, Nuti E, Catalani MP, Carelli P, Orlandini E, Rapposelli S, Tuccinardi T, Atkinson SJ, Murphy G, Balsamo A. A new development of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors: twin hydroxamic acids as potent inhibitors of MMPs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:2311-4. [PMID: 15837315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2004] [Revised: 02/24/2005] [Accepted: 03/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Starting from the observation that the CbzNH(CH2)2 side chain of the potent MMP-2/MMP-14 inhibitor, benzyl-(3R)-4-(hydroxyamino)-3-[isopropoxy(1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl-sulfonyl)amino]-4-oxobutylcarbamate, (R)-1 lies in a hydrophobic region (S1) exposed to the solvent of the protease active site, we hypothesized that an aminoethylcarboxamido chain structurally related to that of (R)-1 might be an useful tool to bind another linker stretching out from the protein. This would be able to interact either with a enzyme region adjacent to the active site, or with other molecules of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), or other proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that may be involved in the enzyme activation. On these basis we describe new dimeric compounds of type 2, twin hydroxamic acids, obtained by the joint of two drug entities of (R)-1 linked in P1 by extendable semirigid linkers. Type 2 compounds are potentially able to undergo more complex inhibitor-enzyme interactions than those occurring with monomeric compounds of type 1, thus influencing positively the potency, selectivity and/or cytotoxicity of the new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Rossello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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57
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Rossello A, Nuti E, Carelli P, Orlandini E, Macchia M, Nencetti S, Zandomeneghi M, Balzano F, Uccello Barretta G, Albini A, Benelli R, Cercignani G, Murphy G, Balsamo A. N-i-Propoxy-N-biphenylsulfonylaminobutylhydroxamic acids as potent and selective inhibitors of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:1321-6. [PMID: 15713379 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2004] [Revised: 01/10/2005] [Accepted: 01/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Structural manipulation of the pharmacophoric model of type A selective MMP inhibitors (MMPi), obtained by the insertion of some alkyl substituents R2 possessing an appropriate geometry, steric bulkiness and lipophilicity, is able to improve potency, in the subnanomolar range on MMP-2, and to give a good MMP inhibition on MMP-14 (MT1-MMP) in the designed MMPi of type C, while maintaining a good MMP-1/MMP-2 selectivity profile. The simultaneous inhibition of these two enzymes yields type C compounds, which are potent antiangiogenic agents, able to block a chemoinvasion model on HUVEC cells in the micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Rossello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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58
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Sutton TA, Kelly KJ, Mang HE, Plotkin Z, Sandoval RM, Dagher PC. Minocycline reduces renal microvascular leakage in a rat model of ischemic renal injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2005; 288:F91-7. [PMID: 15353401 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00051.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetracyclines exhibit significant anti-inflammatory properties, inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and are protective in models of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Both inflammatory cascades and MMP activation have been demonstrated to modulate microvascular permeability. Because increased microvascular permeability occurs during IRI in a variety of organ systems including the kidney, we hypothesized that minocycline, a semisynthetic tetracycline, would diminish microvascular leakage during renal IRI. To test this hypothesis, we used intravital 2-photon microscopy to examine leakage of fluorescent dextrans from the vasculature in a rodent model of IRI. Minocycline significantly reduced the extent of dextran (500 kDa) leakage from the renal microvasculature 24 h after ischemia. Although minocycline diminished leukocyte accumulation in the kidney following ischemia, areas of leukocyte accumulation did not correlate with areas of microvascular permeability in either the saline- or minocycline-pretreated animals. Minocycline diminished the perivascular increase in MMP-2 and MMP-9, as well as the increase in MMP-2 activity 24 h after ischemia. ABT-518, a specific inhibitor of MMP-2 and MMP-9, also significantly reduced the extent of dextran (500 kDa) leakage from the renal microvasculature 24 h after ischemia. Our results indicate that minocycline mitigates the renal microvascular permeability defect following IRI. This effect is spatially distinct from the effect of minocycline on leukocyte accumulation and may be related to diminished activity of MMPs on the integrity of the perivascular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Sutton
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 W. Walnut, RII 202, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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59
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He H, Linder DP, Rodgers KR, Chakraborty I, Arif AM. A thiazole-containing tripodal ligand: synthesis, characterization, and interactions with metal ions and matrix metalloproteinases. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:2392-401. [PMID: 15046516 DOI: 10.1021/ic034811q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new tripodal ligand, tris[2-(((2-thiazolyl)methylidene)amino)ethyl]amine (Tatren), has been synthesized and characterized by NMR, IR, and UV-visible absorbance spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Tatren forms stable complexes with transition metal ions (Zn(2+), 1; Mn(2+), 2; Co(2+), 3) and the alkaline earth metal ions (Ca(2+), 4; Mg(2+), 5). Single-crystal X-ray structures of 1, 2, and 5 revealed six-coordinate chelate complexes with formula [M(Tatren)](ClO(4))(2) in which the metal centers are coordinated by three thiazolyl N atoms and three acyclic imine N atoms. Crystals of 1, 2, and 5 are monoclinic, P2(1)/c space group. Crystals of 4 are triclinic, P space group. The Ca(2+) complex is eight-coordinate with all N atoms of Tatren and one water molecule coordinated to the metal ion. Spectrophotometric titrations show that formation constants for the chelates of metal ions are >>1 in methanol. Free Tatren inhibits the catalytic domain of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13, collagenase-3) with K(i) = 3.5 +/- 0.6 microM. Molecular mechanics-based docking calculations suggest that one leg of Tatren coordinates to the catalytic Zn(2+) in MMPs-2, -9, and -13 with significant hydrogen bonding to backbone amide groups. High-level DFT calculations suggest that, in the absence of nonbonded interactions between Tatren and the enzyme, the most stable first coordination sphere of the catalytic Zn(2+) is achieved with three imidazolyl groups from His residues and two imine N atoms from one leg of Tatren. While complexes (1-3) do not inhibit MMP-13 to a significant extent, 4 does (K(i) = 30 +/- 10 microM). Hence, this study shows that tripodal chelating ligands of this class and their Ca(2+) complexes have potential as active-site inhibitors for MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshan He
- Department of Chemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105-5516, USA
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60
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Nishino N, Yoshikawa D, Watanabe LA, Kato T, Jose B, Komatsu Y, Sumida Y, Yoshida M. Synthesis and histone deacetylase inhibitory activity of cyclic tetrapeptides containing a retrohydroxamate as zinc ligand. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:2427-31. [PMID: 15109626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2004] [Revised: 03/06/2004] [Accepted: 03/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic tetrapeptide retrohydroxamic acids were prepared as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and evaluated the inhibitory activity and found that they have potential as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Nishino
- Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 808-8550, Japan.
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61
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Rossello A, Nuti E, Orlandini E, Carelli P, Rapposelli S, Macchia M, Minutolo F, Carbonaro L, Albini A, Benelli R, Cercignani G, Murphy G, Balsamo A. New N-arylsulfonyl-N-alkoxyaminoacetohydroxamic acids as selective inhibitors of gelatinase A (MMP-2). Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:2441-50. [PMID: 15080939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2003] [Accepted: 01/30/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
New N-arylsulfonyl-substituted alkoxyaminoaceto hydroxamic acid derivatives of types 8 and 10 designed as oxa-analogues of known sulfonamide-based MMPi of types 2 and 7 were synthesized and tested for their inhibitory activities on some matrix metalloproteinases. The combination of a biphenylsulfonamide group with oxyamino oxygen in the pharmacophoric central skeleton of sulfonamide-based MMPi obtained in the new sulfonamides 10 seems to be able to give selectivity for MMP-2 over MMP-1. The most potent derivative of this type, 10a, shows similar anti-invasive properties to the analogue reference drug CGS27023A, 2, in an in vitro model of invasion on matrigel, carried out on cellular lines of fibrosarcoma HT1080 (tumoural cells over-expressing MMP-2 and MMP-9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Rossello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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62
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Duan JJW, Lu Z, Xue CB, He X, Seng JL, Roderick JJ, Wasserman ZR, Liu RQ, Covington MB, Magolda RL, Newton RC, Trzaskos JM, Decicco CP. Discovery of N-hydroxy-2-(2-oxo-3-pyrrolidinyl)acetamides as potent and selective inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:2035-40. [PMID: 12781190 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) were discovered using an N-hydroxy-2-(2-oxo-3-pyrrolidinyl)acetamide scaffold. The series was found to be potent in a porcine TACE (pTACE) assay with IC(50)s typically below 5 nM. For most compounds, selectivity for pTACE relative to MMP-1,-2, and -9 is at least 300-fold. Compound 2o was potent in inhibition of TNFalpha production in a human whole blood assay (WBA) with an IC(50) of 0.42 micro M.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J-W Duan
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA.
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63
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Pomarnacka E, Kozlarska-Kedra I. Synthesis of 1-(6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-1,4,2-benzodithiazin-3-yl)semi-carbazides and their transformation into 4-chloro-2-mercapto-N-(4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzenesulfonamides as potential anticancer and anti-HIV agents. FARMACO (SOCIETA CHIMICA ITALIANA : 1989) 2003; 58:423-9. [PMID: 12767381 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(03)00071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a series of 1-(6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-1,4,2-benzodithiazin-3-yl)semicarbazides (6-16) and 4-chloro-2-mercapto-N-(4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzenesulfonamides (17-22) were reported. Compounds 7-9, 17, 19-22 were tested at the US National Cancer Institute for their in vitro anticancer and anti-HIV activities. Results of anticancer screening showed moderate activity of 21 and 22, while 19 was found to have encouraging anti-HIV activity at EC(50) = 28.8 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Pomarnacka
- Department of Chemical Drug Technology, Medical University of Gdañsk, 107 Gen. J. Hallera Str., 80-416 Gdañsk, Poland.
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64
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Pomarnacka E, Gdaniec M. Synthesis and anticancer activity of 2-amino-8-chloro-5,5-dioxo[1,2,4]triazolo[2,3-b][1,4,2]benzodithiazine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:1259-67. [PMID: 12628653 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 1-(6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-1,4,2-benzodithiazin-3-yl)-4-arylsemicarbazides (4-16) were obtained. Intramolecular ring closure in semicarbazides 4-16 upon treatment with phosphorus oxychloride resulted in the formation of 2-amino-8-chloro-5,5-dioxo[1,2,4]triazolo[2,3-b][1,4,2]benzodithiazines 17-29 with potential antitumor activity. The structures of these compounds were confirmed on the basis of elemental analysis, spectral data and X-ray analysis. Compounds 17-29 were screened at the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) for their activities against a panel of 59 tumor cell lines, and relationships between structure and antitumor activity in vitro are discussed. The benzodithiazines 18, 19, 23, 28 and 29 were inactive, whereas the other compounds exhibited reasonable activity against numerous human tumor cell lines. The prominent compound 17 showed significant activity against the leukemia SR cell line (log GI(50)=-7.67, log TGI=-6.90 and log LC(50)=-4.77).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Pomarnacka
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Gen.J.Hallera Str., 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Chang SJ, Fernando D, Fickes M, Gupta AK, Hill DR, McDermott T, Parekh S, Tian Z, Wittenberger SJ. The Development of a Large-Scale Synthesis of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor, ABT-518. Org Process Res Dev 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/op025525l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sou-Jen Chang
- Abbott Laboratories, Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Process R&D, 1401 Sheridan Road, D-R450, Building R-8, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-4000, U.S.A
| | - Dilinie Fernando
- Abbott Laboratories, Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Process R&D, 1401 Sheridan Road, D-R450, Building R-8, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-4000, U.S.A
| | - Michael Fickes
- Abbott Laboratories, Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Process R&D, 1401 Sheridan Road, D-R450, Building R-8, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-4000, U.S.A
| | - Ashok K. Gupta
- Abbott Laboratories, Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Process R&D, 1401 Sheridan Road, D-R450, Building R-8, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-4000, U.S.A
| | - David R. Hill
- Abbott Laboratories, Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Process R&D, 1401 Sheridan Road, D-R450, Building R-8, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-4000, U.S.A
| | - Todd McDermott
- Abbott Laboratories, Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Process R&D, 1401 Sheridan Road, D-R450, Building R-8, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-4000, U.S.A
| | - Shyamal Parekh
- Abbott Laboratories, Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Process R&D, 1401 Sheridan Road, D-R450, Building R-8, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-4000, U.S.A
| | - Zhenping Tian
- Abbott Laboratories, Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Process R&D, 1401 Sheridan Road, D-R450, Building R-8, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-4000, U.S.A
| | - Steven J. Wittenberger
- Abbott Laboratories, Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Process R&D, 1401 Sheridan Road, D-R450, Building R-8, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-4000, U.S.A
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