51
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Novel inhibitors of VEGF receptors-1 and -2 based on azole-5-carboxamide templates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3550-7. [PMID: 17481893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Revised: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a series of novel potent 1-(2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-1H-azole-5-carboxamides active against kinases VEGFR-2 and -1. Both specific and dual ATP-competitive inhibitors of VEGFR-2 were identified. Kinase selectivity could be controlled by varying the 5-carboxamide substituent at the azole ring. The most specific molecules displayed >10-fold selectivity for VEGFR-2 over VEGFR-1. Compound activities in vitro and in cell-based assays (IC(50)<100 nM) were similar to those of reported clinical and development candidates, including PTK787 (Vatalanib(trade)) and ZD6474 (Vandetanib(trade mark)). High permeability of active compounds across the Caco-2 cell monolayer (>40 x 10(-5)cm/min) is indicative of their potential for intestinal absorption upon oral administration.
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52
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Kiselyov AS, Semenova M, Semenov VV, Piatnitski EL. 1-(Azolyl)-4-(aryl)-phthalazines: novel potent inhibitors of VEGF receptors I and II. Chem Biol Drug Des 2007; 68:250-5. [PMID: 17177884 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2006.00445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Novel potent derivatives of phthalazine are described as an adenosine triphosphate-competitive inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors I and II. A number of compounds display vascular endothelial growth factor receptor II inhibitory activity reaching that of Vatalanib A (IC(50): < 50 nm) in an homogenous time-resolved fluorescence enzymatic assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Kiselyov
- Chemical Diversity, Inc., 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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53
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Hodous BL, Geuns-Meyer SD, Hughes PE, Albrecht BK, Bellon S, Bready J, Caenepeel S, Cee VJ, Chaffee SC, Coxon A, Emery M, Fretland J, Gallant P, Gu Y, Hoffman D, Johnson RE, Kendall R, Kim JL, Long AM, Morrison M, Olivieri PR, Patel VF, Polverino A, Rose P, Tempest P, Wang L, Whittington DA, Zhao H. Evolution of a Highly Selective and Potent 2-(Pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine Tie-2 Kinase Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2007; 50:611-26. [PMID: 17253678 DOI: 10.1021/jm061107l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of angiogenesis is a promising and clinically validated approach for limiting tumor growth and survival. The receptor tyrosine kinase Tie-2 is expressed almost exclusively in the vascular endothelium and is required for developmental angiogenesis and vessel maturation. However, the significance of Tie-2 signaling in tumor angiogenesis is not well understood. In order to evaluate the therapeutic utility of inhibiting Tie-2 signaling, we developed a series of potent and orally bioavailable small molecule Tie-2 kinase inhibitors with selectivity over other kinases, especially those that are believed to be important for tumor angiogenesis. Our earlier work provided pyridinyl pyrimidine 6 as a potent, nonselective Tie-2 inhibitor that was designed on the basis of X-ray cocrystal structures of KDR inhibitors 34 (triazine) and 35 (nicotinamide). Lead optimization resulted in pyridinyl triazine 63, which exhibited >30-fold selectivity over a panel of kinases, good oral exposure, and in vivo inhibition of Tie-2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Hodous
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Inc., One Kendall Square, Building 1000, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-1581, USA.
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54
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Kiselyov A, Balakin KV, Tkachenko SE. VEGF/VEGFR signalling as a target for inhibiting angiogenesis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007; 16:83-107. [PMID: 17155856 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.16.1.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
VEGFs and a respective family of tyrosine kinases receptors (VEGFRs) are key proteins modulating angiogenesis, the formation of new vasculature from an existing vascular network. There has been considerable evidence in vivo, including clinical observations, that abnormal angiogenesis is implicated in a number of disease conditions, which include rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation, cancer, psoriasis, degenerative eye conditions and others. Antiangiogenic therapies based on inhibition of VEGF/VEGFR signalling were reported to be powerful clinical strategies in oncology and ophthalmology. Current efforts have yielded promising clinical data for several antiangiogenic therapeutics. In this review, the authors elucidate key aspects of VEGFR signalling, as well as clinically relevant strategies for the inhibition of VEGF-induced angiogenesis, with an emphasis on small-molecule VEGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kiselyov
- ChemDiv, Inc., 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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55
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Kiselyov AS, Piatnitski EL, Samet AV, Kisliy VP, Semenov VV. ortho-Substituted azoles as selective and dual inhibitors of VEGF receptors 1 and 2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 17:1369-75. [PMID: 17188873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Revised: 11/18/2006] [Accepted: 11/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a series of novel potent ortho-substituted azole derivatives active against kinases VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. Both specific and dual ATP-competitive inhibitors of VEGFR-2 were identified. Kinase activity and selectivity could be controlled by varying the arylamido substituents at the azole ring. The most specific molecule (17) displayed > 10-fold selectivity for VEGFR-2 over VEGFR-1. Compound activities in enzymatic and cell-based assays were in the range of activities for reported clinical and development candidates (IC50 < 100 nM), including Novartis' PTK787 (Vatalanib). High permeability of active compounds across the Caco-2 cell monolayer (> 30x10(-5) cm/min) is indicative of their potential for intestinal absorption upon oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Kiselyov
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Chemical Diversity, Inc., 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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56
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Nakamura H, Sasaki Y, Uno M, Yoshikawa T, Asano T, Ban HS, Fukazawa H, Shibuya M, Uehara Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of benzamides and benzamidines as selective inhibitors of VEGFR tyrosine kinases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5127-31. [PMID: 16893647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2006] [Revised: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of benzamidines and benzamides was synthesized as selective inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinases, and tested for inhibitory activity toward autophosphorylation by the enzyme assay. Selective inhibition of VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase was observed in the salicylic amide 4e and the anthranilic amidine 5a, and their percent inhibitions of VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase were 44-60% at a 10 microM concentration of compounds. The salicylic amide 4a showed inhibition of both VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinases at a 10 microM concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan.
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57
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Kiselyov AS, Semenova M, Semenov VV, Milligan D. Inhibitors of VEGF receptors-1 and -2 based on the 2-((pyridin-4-yl)ethyl)pyridine template. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:1913-9. [PMID: 16460936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2005] [Revised: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a series of novel potent ((pyridin-4-yl)ethyl)pyridine derivatives active against kinases VEGFR-1 and -2. Both specific and dual ATP-competitive inhibitors of VEGFR-2 were identified. Kinase selectivity could be controlled by varying the arylamino substituent at the 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring. The most specific molecules displayed >10-fold selectivity for VEGFR-2 over VEGFR-1. Compound activities in vitro and in cell-based assays (IC(50)<100nM) were similar to those of reported clinical and development candidates, including PTK787 (Vatalanibtrade mark). High permeability of active compounds across the Caco-2 cell monolayer (>30x10(-5)cm/min) is indicative of their potential for intestinal absorption upon oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Kiselyov
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Chemical Diversity, Inc, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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58
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59
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Kiselyov AS, Semenova M, Semenov VV, Piatnitski E, Ouyang S. Hetaryl imidazoles: A novel dual inhibitors of VEGF receptors I and II. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:1440-4. [PMID: 16321531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2005] [Revised: 11/09/2005] [Accepted: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel potent derivatives of hetaryl imidazoles were described as inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor II (VEGFR-2). Several compounds display VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity reaching IC(50)<100 nM in both enzymatic and cellular assays. The compounds also inhibit the related tyrosine kinase, VEGFR-1. By controlling the substitution pattern on the 5-carboxamido functionality, both dual and specific VEGFR-2 thiazoles were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Kiselyov
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Chemical Diversity, Inc., 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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60
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Kiselyov AS, Piatnitski E, Semenova M, Semenov VV. N-(Aryl)-4-(azolylethyl)thiazole-5-carboxamides: Novel potent inhibitors of VEGF receptors I and II. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:602-6. [PMID: 16275072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2005] [Accepted: 10/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel potent derivatives of N-(aryl)-4-(azolylethyl)thiazole-5-carboxamides are described as inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor II (VEGFR-2). Several compounds display VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity reaching IC(50)<100 nM in both enzymatic and cellular assays. The compounds also inhibit the related tyrosine kinase, VEGFR-1. By controlling the substitution pattern on the 5-carboxamido pharmacophore, both dual and specific VEGFR-2 thiazoles were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Kiselyov
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Chemical Diversity, Inc., 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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61
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El-Araby M, Guo H, Pottorf RS, Player MR. Solid-phase synthesis of an alkylaminobenzanilide library. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 6:789-95. [PMID: 15360215 DOI: 10.1021/cc0499284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a library of 2- and 3-substituted benzanilides has been achieved on solid phase. Attachment of anilines to formyldimethoxyphenyl (FDMP) resin via reductive amination was optimized to allow a wide range of anilines to be used. Acylation of this resin-bound aniline was accomplished with 2- or 3-nitrobenzoyl chloride to yield nitrobenzanilides. Following reduction of the nitro group, the resulting amine was alkylated using aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes in the presence of NaBH(OAc)(3) under controlled conditions. Finally, the products were cleaved from the resin using trifluoroacetic acid to produce a 10 800-member library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa El-Araby
- 3-Dimensional Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 8 Clarke Drive, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, USA
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62
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Kiselyov AS, Semenova M, Semenov VV, Piatnitski E. 2-((1H-Azol-1-yl)methyl)-N-arylbenzamides: novel dual inhibitors of VEGFR-1/2 kinases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 16:1726-30. [PMID: 16364640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.11.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2005] [Revised: 11/29/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Novel potent derivatives of (azol-1-yl)methyl-N-arylbenzamides with improved solubility (>3mM) are described as ATP-competitive inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). Many compounds display VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity reaching IC(50)<100 nM in the enzymatic assay. The compounds also inhibit the related tyrosine kinase, VEGFR-1, with similar potencies. Several compounds containing bulky lipophilic substituents at the benzamide pharmacophore yielded 10- to 17-fold selectivity for the VEGFR-2 versus VEGFR-1 kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Kiselyov
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Chemical Diversity Inc., 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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63
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Congiu C, Cocco MT, Lilliu V, Onnis V. New Potential Anticancer Agents Based on the Anthranilic Acid Scaffold. Synthesis and Evaluation of Biological Activity. J Med Chem 2005; 48:8245-52. [PMID: 16366606 DOI: 10.1021/jm050711d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and anticancer activity of new compounds designed on the anthranilic acid scaffold are reported. The antiproliferative activity was assayed by the National Cancer Institute in established in vitro and in vivo anticancer experimental models. Structural variations based on the flufenamic acid motif afforded a series of (hetero)aryl esters of N-(2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl)anthranilic acid, which showed in vitro growth inhibitory properties against human tumor cell lines in nanomolar to low micromolar concentrations. The pyridinyl ester 25 exhibited very potent in vitro antiproliferative efficacy, with a chemosensitive profile showing a number of GI(50) values at concentrations lower than 10(-7) M in the full panel of human tumor cell lines. Compound 25 was also tested in vivo as a potential anticancer agent in the hollow fiber assay and in human tumor xenografts, showing moderate inhibitory properties. Analysis of biological activities and the COMPARE procedure was utilized to support putative biochemical mechanisms implicated with the antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenzo Congiu
- Dipartimento di Tossicologia, Università di Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, Cagliari, I-09124, Italy.
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64
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Sridhar J, Akula N, Sivanesan D, Narasimhan M, Rathinavelu A, Pattabiraman N. Identification of novel angiogenesis inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4125-9. [PMID: 15993586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2005] [Revised: 05/31/2005] [Accepted: 06/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key stimulant of angiogenesis, which is the process of generating new capillary blood vessels. Inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) kinase is known to result in blockage of angiogenesis. A pharmacophore was developed based on the binding of ATP to the hinge region of the kinase domain of VEGFR and a database search of 18,000 compounds was conducted. Selected hits were assessed for their ability to limit the induction of web-like network of capillary tubes by the human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. Two compounds (1 and 4) showed good inhibitory ability to prevent sprouting and closed polygon formation of the tubular networks, promising them to be lead compounds. Compound 4 showed 60% inhibition at 0.05 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayalakshmi Sridhar
- Laboratory for In-silico Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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65
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Borzilleri RM, Zheng X, Qian L, Ellis C, Cai ZW, Wautlet BS, Mortillo S, Jeyaseelan R, Kukral DW, Fura A, Kamath A, Vyas V, Tokarski JS, Barrish JC, Hunt JT, Lombardo LJ, Fargnoli J, Bhide RS. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of orally active 4-(2,4-difluoro-5-(methoxycarbamoyl)phenylamino)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazines as dual vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 inhibitors. J Med Chem 2005; 48:3991-4008. [PMID: 15943473 DOI: 10.1021/jm0501275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of substituted 4-(2,4-difluoro-5-(methoxycarbamoyl)phenylamino)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazines was identified as potent and selective inhibitors of the tyrosine kinase activity of the growth factor receptors VEGFR-2 (Flk-1, KDR) and FGFR-1. The enzyme kinetics associated with the VEGFR-2 inhibition of compound 50 (K(i) = 52 +/- 3 nM) confirmed that the pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine analogues are competitive with ATP. Several analogues demonstrated low-nanomolar inhibition of VEGF- and FGF-dependent human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation. Replacement of the C6-ester substituent of the pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine core with heterocyclic bioisosteres, such as substituted 1,3,5-oxadiazoles, afforded compounds with excellent oral bioavailability in mice (i.e., 50 F(po) = 79%). Significant antitumor efficacy was observed with compounds 44, 49, and 50 against established L2987 human lung carcinoma xenografts implanted in athymic mice. A full account of the synthesis, structure-activity relationships, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetic properties of analogues within the series is presented.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Biological Availability
- Blood Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Design
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Humans
- Hydroxamic Acids/chemical synthesis
- Hydroxamic Acids/chemistry
- Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Microsomes, Liver/metabolism
- Models, Molecular
- Oxadiazoles/chemical synthesis
- Oxadiazoles/chemistry
- Oxadiazoles/pharmacology
- Protein Binding
- Pyrroles/chemical synthesis
- Pyrroles/chemistry
- Pyrroles/pharmacology
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/chemistry
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Triazines/chemical synthesis
- Triazines/chemistry
- Triazines/pharmacology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/chemistry
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Borzilleri
- Department of Oncology Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, USA.
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66
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Dumas J, Dixon JA. VEGF receptor kinase inhibitors: phthalazines, anthranilamides and related structures. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005; 15:647-58. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.15.6.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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67
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Mastyugin V, McWhinnie E, Labow M, Buxton F. A quantitative high-throughput endothelial cell migration assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 9:712-8. [PMID: 15634798 DOI: 10.1177/1087057104269495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
By combining the use of BD Biosciences FluoroBlok membrane-based Boyden chambers with the Cellomics HCS ArrayScan, a more sensitive method for measuring cell migration has been developed. This assay is based on counting nuclei of migrated cells on the bottom of the filter rather than conventional approaches, which use measurement of total well fluorescence. This cell migration assay provides approximately 10-fold increased signal/background compared to conventional approaches and can be used to assess the effects of growth factors on endothelial cell migration and to screen chemical compounds for inhibitory effects on growth factor-mediated endothelial cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Mastyugin
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
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68
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Synthetic studies on 3-arylquinazolin-4-ones: intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction of 2-carboxamido-3-arylquinazolin-4-ones and its application to the synthesis of secondary aryl amines. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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69
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Mazitschek R, Giannis A. Inhibitors of angiogenesis and cancer-related receptor tyrosine kinases. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2005; 8:432-41. [PMID: 15288254 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2004.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis is an attractive target in cancer therapy. In this context, receptor tyrosine kinases play a pivotal role. Extensive efforts have been made to identify and develop small-molecule inhibitors of these central signaling proteins. Some of these compounds have already passed or are currently in clinical trials to investigate their applicability as anti-cancer drugs. However, the high expectations that are set in antiangiogenic therapy have not yet been accomplished. But there are also new and exciting opportunities for cancer treatment by combining antiangiogenic molecules with newly emerging therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Mazitschek
- Institute for Chemistry and Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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70
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Cocco MT, Congiu C, Lilliu V, Onnis V. Synthesis of new N-(2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl)anthranilic acid derivatives and their evaluation as anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:5787-91. [PMID: 15501041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2004] [Revised: 09/09/2004] [Accepted: 09/17/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The N-(2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl)anthranilic acid 6 and a series of its ester and amide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells. Ester derivatives 13 and 18 exhibited potent growth inhibitory activity with GI(50) values at nanomolar concentrations. Among amide derivatives, N-anthraniloylglycinate 19 shown moderate inhibitory activity in the full panel cancer cell line screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Cocco
- Dipartimento di Tossicologia, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, Cagliari I-09124, Italy
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71
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Asano T, Yoshikawa T, Usui T, Yamamoto H, Yamamoto Y, Uehara Y, Nakamura H. Benzamides and benzamidines as specific inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor and v-Src protein tyrosine kinases. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:3529-42. [PMID: 15186837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2004] [Revised: 04/26/2004] [Accepted: 04/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The benzamides 1 and the benzamidines 2 as well as the cyclic benzamidines 3 were designed and synthesized as the mimics of 4-anilinoquinazolines for an inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase. The specific inhibitions of EGFR tyrosine kinase were observed in the benzamides 1c and 1d, and the benzamidine 2a, whereas the specific inhibitions of v-Src kinase were observed in the benzamide 1j and the benzamidine 2d at a 10microg/mL concentration of compounds. The cyclic benzamidines 3a and 3b showed potent kinase inhibition of EGFR at a 1.0microg/mL concentration. According to the docking simulation using the X-ray structure of EGFR kinase domain in complex with erlotinib, the LigScore2 scoring function value of erlotinib was calculated as 5.61, whereas that of the benzamide 1c was 5.05. In a similar manner, the LigScore2 value of the cyclic benzamidine 3a was calculated as 5.10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Asano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8588, Japan
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72
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Emanuel S, Gruninger RH, Fuentes-Pesquera A, Connolly PJ, Seamon JA, Hazel S, Tominovich R, Hollister B, Napier C, D'Andrea MR, Reuman M, Bignan G, Tuman R, Johnson D, Moffatt D, Batchelor M, Foley A, O'Connell J, Allen R, Perry M, Jolliffe L, Middleton SA. A Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 Kinase Inhibitor Potentiates the Activity of the Conventional Chemotherapeutic Agents Paclitaxel and Doxorubicin in Tumor Xenograft Models. Mol Pharmacol 2004; 66:635-47. [PMID: 15322256 DOI: 10.1124/mol.104.000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of angiogenesis may have wide use in the treatment of cancer; however, this approach alone will not cause tumor regression but may only slow the growth of solid tumors. The clinical potential of antiangiogenic agents may be increased by combining them with conventional chemotherapeutics. 4-[4-(1-Amino-1-methylethyl)phenyl]-2-[4-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl)phenylamino]pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (JNJ-17029259) represents a novel structural class of 5-cyanopyrimidines that are orally available, selective, nanomolar inhibitors of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGF-R2) and other tyrosine kinases involved in angiogenesis, such as platelet-derived growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor, VEGF-R1, and VEGF-R3, but have little activity on other kinase families. At nanomolar levels, JNJ-17029259 blocks VEGF-stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, proliferation/migration, and VEGF-R2 phosphorylation in human endothelial cells; inhibits the formation of vascular sprouting in the rat aortic ring model of angiogenesis; and interferes with the development of new veins and arteries in the chorioallantoic membrane assay. At higher concentrations of 1 to 3 microM, this compound shows antiproliferative activity on cells that may contribute to its antitumor effects. JNJ-17029259 delays the growth of a wide range of human tumor xenografts in nude mice when administered orally as single-agent therapy. Histological examination revealed that the tumors have evidence of reduced vascularity after treatment. In addition, JNJ-17029259 enhances the effects of the conventional chemotherapeutic drugs doxorubicin and paclitaxel in xenograft models when administered orally in combination therapy. An orally available angiogenesis inhibitor that can be used in conjunction with standard chemotherapeutic agents to augment their activity may have therapeutic benefit in stopping the progression of cancer and preventing metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Emanuel
- Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 1000 Route 202, Raritan, NJ 08869, USA.
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73
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Manley PW, Bold G, Brüggen J, Fendrich G, Furet P, Mestan J, Schnell C, Stolz B, Meyer T, Meyhack B, Stark W, Strauss A, Wood J. Advances in the structural biology, design and clinical development of VEGF-R kinase inhibitors for the treatment of angiogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2004; 1697:17-27. [PMID: 15023347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2003.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2003] [Accepted: 11/12/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Initial studies with angiogenesis inhibitors showed little clinical benefit. However, recently reported clinical studies in colorectal cancer have shown that bevacizumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monoclonal antibody, in combination with cytotoxic therapy has positive effects on patient survival. Furthermore, the VEGF receptor kinase (VEGF-R) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, vatalanib, has also shown encouraging results in colorectal cancer, with molecular resonance imaging providing evidence that the anti-tumor efficacy was indeed the result of anti-angiogenic activity. Both of these agents are progressing in phase III trials. This proof of concept has stimulated the desire for second-generation VEGF-R inhibitors having an improved profile. Structural biology insight regarding the binding mode of protein kinase inhibitors is valuable for the design of molecules possessing superior selectivity, efficacy and tolerability. Towards this goal, we have developed a new series of VEGF-R2 kinase inhibitors, based upon an anthranilic acid amide scaffold. An X-ray crystal structure of a representative compound, AAL993 (ZK260253), in complex with the catalytic domain of diphosphorylated VEGF-R2 has revealed that this molecule binds to an inactive conformation of the protein. This binding mode, similar to that observed for the anti-leukemia drug, imatinib in complex with c-Abl kinase, may be responsible for the high selectivity of AAL993 and provides valuable insight for the design of further compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul William Manley
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, WKL-136-4-86, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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74
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Vieth M, Higgs RE, Robertson DH, Shapiro M, Gragg EA, Hemmerle H. Kinomics-structural biology and chemogenomics of kinase inhibitors and targets. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2004; 1697:243-57. [PMID: 15023365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2003.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2003] [Accepted: 11/12/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Classifying kinases based entirely on small molecule selectivity data is a new approach to drug discovery that allows scientists to understand relationships between targets. This approach combines the understanding of small molecules and targets, and thereby assists the researcher in finding new targets for existing molecules or understanding selectivity and polypharmacology of molecules in related targets. Currently, structural information is available for relatively few of the protein kinases encoded in the human genome (7% of the estimated 518); however, even the current knowledge base, when paired with structure-based design techniques, can assist in the identification and optimization of novel kinase inhibitors across the entire protein class. Chemogenomics attempts to combine genomic data, structural biological data, classical dendrograms, and selectivity data to explore, define, and classify the medicinally relevant kinase space. Exploitation of this information in the discovery of kinase inhibitors defines practical kinase chemogenomics (kinomics). In this paper, we review the available information on kinase targets and their inhibitors, and present the relationships between the various classification schema for kinase space. In particular, we present the first dendrogram of kinases based entirely on small molecule selectivity data. We find that the selectivity dendrogram differs from sequence-based clustering mostly in the higher-level groupings of the smaller clusters, and remains very comparable for closely homologous targets. Highly homologous kinases are, on average, inhibited comparably by small molecules. This observation, although intuitive, is very important to the process of target selection, as one would expect difficulty in achieving inhibitor selectivity for kinases that share high sequence identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Vieth
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, DC 1513, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
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75
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Asano T, Yoshikawa T, Nakamura H, Uehara Y, Yamamoto Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of benzamides and benzamidines: structural requirement of a pyrimidine ring for inhibition of EGFR tyrosine kinase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:2299-302. [PMID: 15081028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2003] [Revised: 01/30/2004] [Accepted: 01/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The benzamides 1 and the benzamidines 2-3 were synthesized as the mimics of 4-anilinoquinazolines, which possess inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, and tested for cytotoxicity toward A431 and inhibitory activity toward autophosphorylation by the enzyme assay. High cell growth inhibition was observed in a series of the cyclic benzamides 3: the IC(50) values are 0.09-0.32 mM. The benzamidines 3a and 3b exhibited high inhibition of EGFR tyrosine kinase at a 1.0 microM concentration, although the benzamides 1 and the benzamidines 2 did not show significant kinase inhibition at a 10 microM concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Asano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8588, Japan
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76
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Zhu JS, Shen B, Chen JL, Chen GQ, Yu XH, Yu HF, Zhu ZM. Molecule action mechanisms of NM-3 on human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells in vivo or in vitro. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:2366-9. [PMID: 14562415 PMCID: PMC4656500 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i10.2366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the molecule action mechanisms of NM-3 on the growth of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells in vivo or in vitro.
METHODS: SGC-7901 from human non-differentiated gastric cancer cell line was cultured with NM-3 at 100 mg/mL for 24 h. We observed its inhibitory rate and the density of micro-vascular growth in grafted mice with human gastric cancer SGC-7901. The apoptosis of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 was revealed in NM-3 treatment group by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxy-uridine triphosphate-fluorescene nick end labeling (TUNEL) method and flow cytometry analysis.
RESULTS: The growth of SGC-7901 cells was markedly inhibited compared with control growp, which was smaller than that in normal saline control group (4.17 g ± 0.22 g vs 9.45 g ± 1.38 g, P < 0.01). The level of apoptosis of human gastric cell line SGC-7901 was obviously increased in NM-3 treatment group at 1 mg.L-1 for 24 h. NM-3 inducing apoptotic index in NM-3 plus carboplatin group was 3.5 times that of carboplatin control group (TUNEL: 27.98% ± 6.12% vs 12.94% ± 2.12%, FACScan: 26.86% ± 5.69% vs 11.86% ± 1.09%, P < 0.01). Western blot analysis showed that the apoptotic index of human gastric cancer was elevated for 12, 24 and 36 h with an evident time-effect relationship in groups at 100 mg.L-1. NM-3 enhanced the inhibitive effects and sensitivity of chemotherapy for human gastric cancer in nude mice. These results suggested that NM-3 played a key inhibitive role in the growth of grafted human gastric cancer in nude mice.
CONCLUSION: NM-3 can inhibit the growth of human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901, and enhance the sensitivity of carboplatin on SGC-7901 and induced its apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Shui Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
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77
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Furet P, Bold G, Hofmann F, Manley P, Meyer T, Altmann KH. Identification of a new chemical class of potent angiogenesis inhibitors based on conformational considerations and database searching. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:2967-71. [PMID: 12941313 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) tyrosine kinase receptors KDR and Flt-1 are targets of current interest in anticancer drug research. PTK787/ZK222584 is a potent inhibitor of these enzymes in clinical evaluation as an antiangiogenic agent. The development of a hypothesis concerning the bioactive conformation of this compound has led to the discovery of a new class of potent inhibitors of KDR and Flt-1, the anthranilamides. This could be achieved with a limited experimental effort, which only involved the testing of one archive compound and the synthesis and testing of one appropriate analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Furet
- Oncology Research, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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78
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Westwell AD. Novel antitumour molecules. Drug Discov Today 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(03)02622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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