51
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Li Z, Pan Y, Zhong W, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Li L, Liu W, Zhou H, Yang C. Synthesis and evaluation of N-acyl-substituted 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one derivatives as caspase-3 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 22:6735-45. [PMID: 25468037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A small molecule library of N-acyl-substituted 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one derivatives has been synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of caspase-3 and -7, in which some of them showed nanomolar potency against caspase-3 and -7 in vitro. Meanwhile, in 10 lM concentration, both compounds 24 and 25 showed significant protection against apoptosis in camptothecin-induced Jurkat T cells system. The docking studies predicted the interactions and binding modes of the synthesized inhibitors in the caspase-3 active site.
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52
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TBAI-catalyzed synthesis of α-ketoamides via sp3 C–H radical/radical cross-coupling and domino aerobic oxidation. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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53
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Zou Y, Peng Z, Dong W, An D. CuI-Mediated α-Ketoacylation of Sulfoximines under Solvent-Free Conditions. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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54
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Mupparapu N, Vishwakarma RA, Ahmed QN. Iodine-DMSO promoted C–H (SP3) functionalization approach to α-ketoamides. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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55
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Padala AK, Mupparapu N, Singh D, Vishwakarma RA, Ahmed QN. α-Carbonylimine to α-Carbonylamide: An Efficient Oxidative Amidation Approach. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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56
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Zhang M, Xie P, Zhao W, Niu B, Wu W, Bian Z, Pittman CU, Zhou A. Cascade Couplings of N-Alkyl-N-methacryloyl Benzamides with Ethers and Benzenesulfonohydrazides To Generate Isoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-dione Derivatives. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4176-83. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Pharmacy
School, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu, China 212013
| | - Ping Xie
- Scientific
Information Research Institute, Jiangsu University (Library), Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu, China 212013
| | - Wannian Zhao
- Pharmacy
School, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu, China 212013
| | - Ben Niu
- Pharmacy
School, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu, China 212013
| | - Wei Wu
- Pharmacy
School, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu, China 212013
| | - Zhaogang Bian
- Pharmacy
School, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu, China 212013
| | - Charles U. Pittman
- Department
of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Aihua Zhou
- Pharmacy
School, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu, China 212013
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57
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Kumar M, Devari S, Kumar A, Sultan S, Ahmed QN, Rizvi M, Shah BA. Copper(II)-Triflate-Catalyzed Oxidative Amidation of Terminal Alkynes: A General Approach to α-Ketoamides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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58
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Deshidi R, Devari S, Shah BA. Iodine-Promoted Oxidative Amidation of Terminal Alkenes - Synthesis of α-Ketoamides, Benzothiazoles, and Quinazolines. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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59
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Ghalib RM, Chidan Kumar CS, Hashim R, Sulaiman O, Fun HK. Crystal structure of 2-(1,3-dioxoindan-2-yl)isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:o6-7. [PMID: 25705509 PMCID: PMC4331915 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989014025997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione derivative, C18H9NO5, the five-membered ring of the indane fragment adopts an envelope conformation with the nitrogen-substituted C atom being the flap. The planes of the indane benzene ring and the isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione ring make a dihedral angle of 82.06 (6)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked into chains extending along thebcplaneviaC—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions, enclosingR22(8) andR22(10) loops. The chains are further connected by π–π stacking interations, with centroid-to-centroid distances of 3.9050 (7) Å, forming layers parallel to thebaxis.
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60
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Shinde VV, Jeong YT. Molybdate sulfuric acid (MSA): an efficient solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of diversely functionalized fused imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines under solvent-free conditions. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00516g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines has been accomplished for the first time under solvent-free conditions using molybdate sulfuric acid (MSA) as a heterogeneous catalyst. The present protocol is operationally simple, green and offers several advantages over the existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Vilas Shinde
- Department of Image Science and Engineering
- Pukyong National University
- Busan 608-737
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Tae Jeong
- Department of Image Science and Engineering
- Pukyong National University
- Busan 608-737
- Republic of Korea
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61
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Fang T, Gao XH, Tang RY, Zhang XG, Deng CL. A novel Pd-catalyzed N-dealkylative carbonylation of tertiary amines for the preparation of amides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:14775-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07378a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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62
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Huang H, He G, Zhu X, Jin X, Qiu S, Zhu H. Iodine-Mediated Oxidation of Ynamides: A Facile Access toN-Monosubstituted α-Ketoamides and α-Ketoimides. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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63
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Guo Z, Yan Z, Zhou X, Wang Q, Lu M, Liu W, Zhou H, Yang C, McClain EJ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one-derived 1,2,3-triazoles as caspase-3 inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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64
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Biochemical Characterization of a Caspase-3 Far-red Fluorescent Probe for Non-invasive Optical Imaging of Neuronal Apoptosis. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 54:451-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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65
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Mupparapu N, Khan S, Battula S, Kushwaha M, Gupta AP, Ahmed QN, Vishwakarma RA. Metal-Free Oxidative Amidation of 2-Oxoaldehydes: A Facile Access to α-Ketoamides. Org Lett 2014; 16:1152-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Mupparapu
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, ‡Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), §Quality Control and Quality Assurance (QC & QA), Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180016, India
| | - Shahnawaz Khan
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, ‡Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), §Quality Control and Quality Assurance (QC & QA), Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180016, India
| | - Satyanarayana Battula
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, ‡Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), §Quality Control and Quality Assurance (QC & QA), Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180016, India
| | - Manoj Kushwaha
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, ‡Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), §Quality Control and Quality Assurance (QC & QA), Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180016, India
| | - Ajai Prakash Gupta
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, ‡Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), §Quality Control and Quality Assurance (QC & QA), Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180016, India
| | - Qazi Naveed Ahmed
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, ‡Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), §Quality Control and Quality Assurance (QC & QA), Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180016, India
| | - Ram A. Vishwakarma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, ‡Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), §Quality Control and Quality Assurance (QC & QA), Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180016, India
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66
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Deshidi R, Kumar M, Devari S, Shah BA. A general metal free approach to α-ketoamides via oxidative amidation–diketonization of terminal alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:9533-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A metal free catalytic system employing TMSOTf/I2/DMSO for the oxidative amidation–diketonization of terminal alkynes, in order to produce a wide variety of α-ketoamides, has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Deshidi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Natural Product Microbes
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu-Tawi, India
| | - Manjeet Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Natural Product Microbes
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu-Tawi, India
| | - Shekaraiah Devari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Natural Product Microbes
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu-Tawi, India
| | - Bhahwal Ali Shah
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Natural Product Microbes
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu-Tawi, India
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67
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Kalmode HP, Vadagaonkar KS, Chaskar AC. Metal-free in situ sp3, sp2, and sp C–H functionalization and oxidative cross coupling with benzamidines hydrochloride: a promising approach for the synthesis of α-ketoimides. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07556k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new metal-free tandem protocol for the synthesis of α-ketoimides via sp3, sp2, and sp C–H functionalization followed by oxidative cross coupling with benzamidines hydrochloride using catalytic iodine with TBHP in DMSO has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanuman P. Kalmode
- Department of Dyestuff Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai 400019, India
| | | | - Atul C. Chaskar
- Department of Dyestuff Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai 400019, India
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68
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Zhao W, Xie P, Zhang M, Niu B, Bian Z, Pittman C, Zhou A. Synthesis of isoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-dione derivatives via cascade reactions of N-alkyl-N-methacryloyl benzamide with aryl aldehydes. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:7690-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A cascade reaction between N-alkyl-N-methacryloylbenzamide and aryl aldehydes was developed to generate isoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-dione derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannian Zhao
- Pharmacy School
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang City, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Scientific Information Research Institute
- Jiangsu University (Library)
- Zhenjiang City, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Pharmacy School
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang City, China
| | - Ben Niu
- Pharmacy School
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang City, China
| | - Zhaogang Bian
- Pharmacy School
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang City, China
| | | | - Aihua Zhou
- Pharmacy School
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang City, China
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69
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Seus N, Goldani B, Lenardão EJ, Savegnago L, Paixão MW, Alves D. Organocatalytic Synthesis of (Arylselanyl)phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamides by Cycloaddition between Azidophenyl Arylselenides and β-Oxo-amides. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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70
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El-Faham A, Al Marhoon Z, Abdel-Megeed A, Albericio F. OxymaPure/DIC: an efficient reagent for the synthesis of a novel series of 4-[2-(2-acetylaminophenyl)-2-oxo-acetylamino] benzoyl amino acid ester derivatives. Molecules 2013; 18:14747-59. [PMID: 24288002 PMCID: PMC6269765 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181214747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OxymaPure (ethyl 2-cyano-2-(hydroxyimino)acetate) was tested as an additive for use in the carbodiimide (DIC) approach for the synthesis of a novel series of α-ketoamide derivatives (4-[2-(2-acetylaminophenyl)-2-oxo-acetylamino]benzoyl amino acid ester derivatives). OxymaPure showed clear superiority to HOBt/DIC or carbodiimide alone in terms of purity and yield. The title compounds were synthesized via the ring opening of N-acylisatin. First, N-acetylisatin was reacted with 4-aminobenzoic acid under conventional heating as well as microwave irradiation to afford 4-(2-(2-acetamidophenyl)-2-oxoacetamido)benzoic acid. This α-ketoamide was coupled to different amino acid esters using OxymaPure/DIC as a coupling reagent to afford 4-[2-(2-acetylaminophenyl)-2-oxo-acetylamino]benzoyl amino acid ester derivatives in excellent yield and purity. The synthesized compounds were characterized using FT-IR, NMR, and elemental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; E-Mail:
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 12321, Egypt
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: or (A.E.-F.); (F.A.); Tel.: +96-611-467-3195 (A.E.-F.); Fax: +96-611-467-5992 (A.E.-F.); +34-93-403-7126 (F.A.)
| | - Zainab Al Marhoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; E-Mail:
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Megeed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; E-Mail:
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria 12321, Egypt
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1-11, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: or (A.E.-F.); (F.A.); Tel.: +96-611-467-3195 (A.E.-F.); Fax: +96-611-467-5992 (A.E.-F.); +34-93-403-7126 (F.A.)
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71
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Maillard MC, Dominguez C, Gemkow MJ, Krieger F, Park H, Schaertl S, Winkler D, Muñoz-Sanjuán I. A label-free LC/MS/MS-based enzymatic activity assay for the detection of genuine caspase inhibitors and SAR development. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR SCREENING 2013; 18:868-78. [PMID: 23796689 DOI: 10.1177/1087057113492851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The resurgence of interest in caspases (Csp) as therapeutic targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases prompted us to examine the suitability of published nonpeptidic Csp-3 and Csp-6 inhibitors for our medicinal chemistry programs. To support this effort, fluorescence-based Csp-2, Csp-3, and Csp-6 enzymatic assays were optimized for robustness against apparent enzyme inhibition caused by redox-cycling or aggregating compounds. The data obtained under these improved conditions challenge the validity of previously published data on Csp-3 and Csp-6 inhibitors for all but one series, namely, the isatins. Furthermore, in this series, it was observed that the nature of the rhodamine-labeled substrate, typically used to measure caspase activity, interfered with the pharmacological sensitivity of the Csp-2 assay. As a result, a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry-based assay that eliminates label-dependent assay interference was developed for Csp-2 and Csp-3. In these label-free assays, the activity values of the Csp-2 and Csp-3 reference inhibitors were in agreement with those obtained with the fluorogenic substrates. However, isatin 10a was 50-fold less potent in the label-free Csp-2 assay compared with the rhodamine-based fluorescence format, thus proving the need for an orthogonal readout to validate inhibitors in this class of targets highly susceptible to artifactual inhibition.
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72
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Liu D, Tian Z, Yan Z, Wu L, Ma Y, Wang Q, Liu W, Zhou H, Yang C. Design, synthesis and evaluation of 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one derivatives as potent caspase-3 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:2960-7. [PMID: 23632366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A number of 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one derivatives were prepared through structural modification of the original compound from high-throughput screening. Some analogues (e.g., 6b, 6r, 6s and 6w) were identified as novel and potent caspase inhibitors with IC50 of nanomolar. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies for caspase-3 inhibition were evaluated in vitro. Molecular modeling studies provided further insight into the interaction of this class of compounds with activated caspase-3. The present small molecule caspase-3 inhibitor with novel structures different from structures of known caspase inhibitors revealed a new direction for therapeutic strategies directed against diseases involving abnormally up-regulated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, NanKai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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73
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Huang C, Zheng M, Xu J, Zhang Y. Photo-induced cycloaddition reactions of α-diketones and transformations of the photocycloadducts. Molecules 2013; 18:2942-66. [PMID: 23459304 PMCID: PMC6270630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18032942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocycloaddition, along with subsequent transformation of the photocycloadducts, provides expeditious ways to construct various structures. The photo-induced reactions of α-diketones have been reported to proceed via different reaction pathways with the involvement of one or two of the carbonyl groups. Photoinduced reactions of cyclic α-diketones including N-acetylisatin, phenanthrenequinone and isoquinolinetrione with different C=C containing compounds could take place via [2 + 2], [4 + 2] or [4 + 4] photocycloaddition pathways. We have investigated the photoreactions of these cyclic α-diketones with different types of alkenes and alkynes, with a focus on the unusual cascade reactions initiated by the photocycloaddition reactions of these cyclic α-diketones and the applications of these photocycloaddition reactions along with the transformation of the photocycloadducts. In this paper, we discuss the diverse photo-cycloaddition pathways found in the photocycloaddition of o-diones leading to various photocycloadducts and the potential applications of these reactions via further transformation reactions of the adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianhua Xu
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (J.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (J.X.); (Y.Z.)
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74
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Zhang X, Wang M, Zhang Y, Wang L. A novel and metal-free approach towards α-ketoamides using a TBHP/I2-promoted tandem reaction of amines with β-diketones via C–C bond cleavage. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22116k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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75
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Zhao Q, Miao T, Zhang X, Zhou W, Wang L. Direct use of formamides as amino group sources via C–N bond cleavage: a catalytic oxidative synthesis of α-ketoamides from acetophenones and formamides under metal-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:1867-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27433k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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76
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Li D, Wang M, Liu J, Zhao Q, Wang L. Cu(ii)-catalyzed decarboxylative acylation of acyl C–H of formamides with α-oxocarboxylic acids leading to α-ketoamides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:3640-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41188e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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77
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Zhang X, Yang W, Wang L. Silver-catalyzed amidation of benzoylformic acids with tertiary amines via selective carbon–nitrogen bond cleavage. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:3649-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40619a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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78
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An Efficient and Mild Method for the Synthesis and Hydrazinolysis ofN-Glyoxylamino Acid Esters. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/901745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Glyoxylamino acid ester derivatives were synthesized via the ring opening ofN-acetylisatin using moderate conditions. During the hydrazinolysis ofN-glyoxylamino acid ester derivatives with hydrazine hydrate (80%) in methanol, unexpected reduction of theα-keto group occurred to affordN-acylamino acid hydrazide derivatives in good yield (80–90%) (Wolff-Kishner type reaction). All the synthesized compounds were characterized by1H NMR,13C NMR, and elemental microanalysis.
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79
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Lamani M, Prabhu KR. NIS-Catalyzed Reactions: Amidation of Acetophenones and Oxidative Amination of Propiophenones. Chemistry 2012; 18:14638-42. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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80
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Zhu Q, Gao L, Chen Z, Zheng S, Shu H, Li J, Jiang H, Liu S. A novel class of small-molecule caspase-3 inhibitors prepared by multicomponent reactions. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 54:232-8. [PMID: 22652225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of tetra- and pentasubstituted polyfunctional dihydropyrroles 5 and 6 were synthesized via practical multicomponent reactions (MCRs) for research on their structure-activity relationship as caspase-3 inhibitors. Among 39 compounds evaluated, 14 of them exhibited inhibition against caspase-3 with IC(50) ranging from 5 to 20 μM. The inhibitory activities of 5 and 6 depend on the nature of substituents on different positions. 5 and 6 possess a different scaffold from those previously reported and are the first caspase-3 inhibitors prepared via MCRs. The most active compounds 5k (IC(50) = 5.27 μM) could therefore be used as a lead for the development of highly potent caspase-3 inhibitors as drug candidates for therapeutic agents by taking advantage of MCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhua Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Northern Guangzhou Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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81
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Lin L, Wu Q, Huang S, Yang G. Facile Synthesis of 3-Substituted Isoquinolines Derivatives via Microwave-assisted Tandem Three-component Coupling Cyclization. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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82
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Du FT, Ji JX. Copper-catalyzed direct oxidative synthesis of α-ketoamides from aryl methyl ketones, amines, and molecular oxygen. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00312g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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83
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A straightforward synthesis of N-monosubstituted α-keto amides via aerobic benzylic oxidation of amides. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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84
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Fun HK, Quah CK, Huang C, Yu H. Methyl 4'-benzyl-2,2'-dimethyl-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H,4'H-spiro-[iso-quinoline-4,5'-oxazole]-4'-carboxyl-ate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o1517-8. [PMID: 21754882 PMCID: PMC3120312 DOI: 10.1107/s160053681101899x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the isoquinoline ring system of the title mol-ecule, C(22)H(20)N(2)O(5), the N-heterocyclic ring is in a half-boat conformation. The least-squares plane of the dioxa-2-aza-spiro ring [maximum deviation = 0.076 (1) Å] and forms a dihedral angle of 14.54 (4)° with the phenyl ring. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked via inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into layers parallel to (100).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoong-Kun Fun
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ching Kheng Quah
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chengmei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haitao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
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85
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Fun HK, Quah CK, Huang C, Yu H. 5-Meth-oxy-1,2',3-trimethyl-4,6-dioxa-2-aza-spiro-[bicyclo-[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-7,4'-isoquinoline]-1',3'(2'H,4'H)-dione. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o1340-1. [PMID: 21754736 PMCID: PMC3120469 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811016266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the isoquinoline ring system of the title molecule, C16H16N2O5, the N-heterocyclic ring is in a half-boat conformation. The dioxaazaspiro ring is essentially planar [maximum deviation = 0.022 (1) Å] and forms a dihedral angle of 24.56 (4)° with the benzene ring.
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86
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Fun HK, Quah CK, Huang C, Yu H. 1-Benzyl-5-meth-oxy-2',3-dimethyl-4,6-dioxa-2-aza-spiro-[bicyclo-[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-7,4'-isoquinoline]-1',3'(2'H,4'H)-dione. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o1311-2. [PMID: 21754712 PMCID: PMC3120373 DOI: 10.1107/s160053681101600x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the isoquinoline ring system of the title molecule, C22H20N2O5, the N-heterocyclic ring is in a half-boat conformation. The dioxa-2-azaspiro ring is essentially planar [maximum deviation = 0.026 (1) Å] and forms dihedral angles of 22.53 (5) and 64.46 (5)° with the benzene and phenyl rings, respectively. The molecular structure is stabilized by a weak intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond, which generates an S(7) ring motif. In the crystal, molecules are linked via weak intermolecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds into layers parallel to (102).
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87
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Fun HK, Quah CK, Huang C, Yu H. (1S*,4'S*,5R*)-1-Isobutyl-5-meth-oxy-2',3-dimethyl-4,6-dioxa-2-aza-spiro-[bicyclo-[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-7,4'-isoquinoline]-1',3'(2'H,4'H)-dione. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o1273-4. [PMID: 21754557 PMCID: PMC3089195 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811015327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the isoquinoline ring system of the title compound, C19H22N2O5, the N-heterocyclic ring is in a half-chair conformation. The dioxa-2-azaspiro ring is essentially planar [maximum deviation of 0.025 (1) Å] and forms a dihedral angle of 23.51 (5)° with the benzene ring. In the crystal, molecules are linked via weak intermolecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds into chains along [010].
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88
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Fun HK, Quah CK, Huang C, Yu H. (1S*,4'S*,5R*)-1-Isopropyl-5-meth-oxy-2',3-dimethyl-4,6-dioxa-2-aza-spiro-[bicyclo-[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-7,4'-isoquinoline]-1',3'(2'H,4'H)-dione. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o1271-2. [PMID: 21754556 PMCID: PMC3089152 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811015315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the isoquinoline ring system of the title molecule, C18H20N2O5, the N-heterocyclic ring is in a half-boat conformation. The dioxa-2-azaspiro ring is essentially planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.029 (1) Å, and makes a dihedral angle of 30.63 (5)° with the benzene ring. The molecular structure is stabilized by a weak intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond, which generates a S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, molecules are linked via weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional supramolecular network. Additional stabilization is provided by π–π stacking interactions between symmetry-related benzene rings with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.6507 (5) Å.
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89
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Isatin 1,2,3-triazoles as potent inhibitors against caspase-3. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1626-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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90
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Huang C, Yu H, Miao Z, Zhou J, Wang S, Fun HK, Xu J, Zhang Y. Facile synthesis of spiroisoquinolines based on photocycloaddition of isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione with oxazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:3629-31. [PMID: 21472160 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengmei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education of China, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P R China.
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91
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Yu H, Li J, Kou Z, Du X, Wei Y, Fun HK, Xu J, Zhang Y. Photoinduced Tandem Reactions of Isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione with Alkynes To Build Aza-polycycles. J Org Chem 2010; 75:2989-3001. [PMID: 20353178 DOI: 10.1021/jo100218w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education of China, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jinbo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education of China, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Zhuangfei Kou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education of China, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xuewen Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education of China, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education of China, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Hoong-Kun Fun
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia
| | - Jianhua Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education of China, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education of China, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
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92
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Fun HK, Goh JH, Yu H, Zhang Y. 4-[(2,4-Dimethyl-1,3-oxazol-5-yl)meth-yl]-4-hydr-oxy-2-methyl-isoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-dione. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o724-5. [PMID: 21580572 PMCID: PMC2983926 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810007397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title isoquinolinedione derivative, C16H16N2O4, the piperidine ring in the tetrahydroisoquinoline unit adopts a half-boat conformation. The essentially planar oxazole ring [maximum deviation = 0.004 (2) Å] is inclined at a dihedral angle of 36.00 (8)° to the tetrahydroisoquinoline unit. In the crystal structure, pairs of intermolecular C—H⋯O and O—H⋯N interactions link the molecules into chains incorporating R22(9) ring motifs. Two neighbouring chains are further interconnected by intermolecular C—H⋯O interactions into chains two molecules wide along the a axis.
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93
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Preparation of the caspase-3/7 substrate Ac-DEVD-pNA by solution-phase peptide synthesis. Nat Protoc 2010; 5:294-302. [PMID: 20134429 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2009.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This protocol describes the gram-scale solution-phase synthesis of the colorimetric caspase-3/7 substrate Ac-DEVD-pNA. The caspase enzymes are integral to cellular inflammation and apoptotic cascades, and are commonly studied by cell biologists, medicinal chemists and chemical biologists. In particular, the assessment of caspase enzymatic activity is a standard method to evaluate cell death pathways and new apoptosis-modulating agents. Caspase enzymatic activity can be conveniently monitored with peptidic chromogenic or fluorogenic substrates, with certain peptide sequences imparting selectivity for certain caspases. The synthesis of these peptide substrates is typically carried out by solid-phase synthesis, a method that is not ideal for production of the gram quantities needed for high-throughput screening. Described herein is a facile method for the synthesis of the Ac-DEVD-pNA caspase-3/7 substrate using solution-phase peptide synthesis. This protocol, involving iterative PyBOP-mediated couplings and Fmoc deprotections, is rapid (about 5 d), operationally simple and can be used to generate over 1 g of product at a fraction of the cost of the commercial substrate.
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94
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Sharma BK, Pilania P, Singh P, Prabhakar YS. Combinatorial protocol in multiple linear regression/partial least-squares directed rationale for the caspase-3 inhibition activity of isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione derivatives. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2010; 21:169-185. [PMID: 20373219 DOI: 10.1080/10629360903570545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The caspase-3 inhibition activity of isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione derivatives has been analysed with the topological and molecular features from Dragon software. Analysis of the structural features in conjunction with the biological endpoints in combinatorial protocol in multiple linear regression (CP-MLR) led to the identification of 45 descriptors for modelling the activity. The study clearly suggested the role of rotatable bonds, mean information on the distance degree equality, radial centricity, bond and structural information content of five-order neighbourhood symmetry, atomic van der Waals volumes and the presence or absence of certain structural fragments to optimise the caspase-3 inhibitory activity of titled compounds. The models developed and the participating descriptors advocate that the substituent groups of the isoquinoline moiety hold scope for further modification in the optimization of the caspase-3 inhibitory activity. Analysis of these descriptors in partial least squares (PLS) highlighted their relative significance in modulating the biological response. The selected descriptors are enriched with information corresponding to the activity when compared to the remaining ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, SK Government College, Sikar 332 001, India.
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95
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Jhansi Lakshmi P, Suneel Kumar B, Nayana RS, Srinivas Mohan M, Bolligarla R, Das SK, Uday Bhanu M, Kondapi AK, Ravikumar M. Design, synthesis, and discovery of novel non-peptide inhibitor of Caspase-3 using ligand based and structure based virtual screening approach. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:6040-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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96
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Martin LJ, Liu Z, Pipino J, Chestnut B, Landek MA. Molecular regulation of DNA damage-induced apoptosis in neurons of cerebral cortex. Cereb Cortex 2008; 19:1273-93. [PMID: 18820287 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhn167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cortical neuron degeneration occurs in brain disorders manifesting throughout life, but the mechanisms are understood poorly. We used cultured embryonic mouse cortical neurons and an in vivo mouse model to study mechanisms of DNA damaged-induced apoptosis in immature and differentiated neurons. p53 drives apoptosis of immature and differentiated cortical neurons through its rapid and prominent activation stimulated by DNA strand breaks induced by topoisomerase-I and -II inhibition. Blocking p53-DNA transactivation with alpha-pifithrin protects immature neurons; blocking p53-mitochondrial functions with mu-pifithrin protects differentiated neurons. Mitochondrial death proteins are upregulated in apoptotic immature and differentiated neurons and have nonredundant proapoptotic functions; Bak is more dominant than Bax in differentiated neurons. p53 phosphorylation is mediated by ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase. ATM inactivation is antiapoptotic, particularly in differentiated neurons, whereas inhibition of c-Abl protects immature neurons but not differentiated neurons. Cell death protein expression patterns in mouse forebrain are mostly similar to cultured neurons. DNA damage induces prominent p53 activation and apoptosis in cerebral cortex in vivo. Thus, DNA strand breaks in cortical neurons induce rapid p53-mediated apoptosis through actions of upstream ATM and c-Abl kinases and downstream mitochondrial death proteins. This molecular network operates through variations depending on neuron maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee J Martin
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA.
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97
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Du JQ, Wu J, Zhang HJ, Zhang YH, Qiu BY, Wu F, Chen YH, Li JY, Nan FJ, Ding JP, Li J. Isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione derivatives inactivate caspase-3 by generation of reactive oxygen species. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:30205-15. [PMID: 18768468 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m803347200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-3 is an attractive therapeutic target for treatment of diseases involving disregulated apoptosis. We report here the mechanism of caspase-3 inactivation by isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione derivatives. Kinetic analysis indicates the compounds can irreversibly inactivate caspase-3 in a 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT)- and oxygen-dependent manner, implying that a redox cycle might take place in the inactivation process. Reactive oxygen species detection experiments using a chemical indicator, together with electron spin resonance measurement, suggest that ROS can be generated by reaction of isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione derivatives with DTT. Oxygen-free radical scavenger catalase and superoxide dismutase eliciting the inactivation of caspase-3 by the inhibitors confirm that ROS mediates the inactivation process. Crystal structures of caspase-3 in complexes with isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione derivatives show that the catalytic cysteine is oxidized to sulfonic acid (-SO(3)H) and isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione derivatives are bound at the dimer interface of caspase-3. Further mutagenesis study shows that the binding of the inhibitors with caspase-3 appears to be nonspecific. Isoquinoline-1,3,4-trione derivative-catalyzed caspase-3 inactivation could also be observed when DTT is substituted with dihydrolipoic acid, which exists widely in cells and might play an important role in the in vivo inactivation process in which the inhibitors inactivate caspase-3 in cells and then prevent the cells from apoptosis. These results provide valuable information for further development of small molecular inhibitors against caspase-3 or other oxidation-sensitive proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qing Du
- Chinese National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shou Jing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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98
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Jiang H, Wu J, Zhang L, Liang W, Gao F, Du C, Feng X, Chen Y. Chemical biology in China takes on signal transduction. Nat Chem Biol 2008; 4:515-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio0908-515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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99
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Salloway S, Mintzer J, Weiner MF, Cummings JL. Disease-modifying therapies in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2008; 4:65-79. [PMID: 18631951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2007.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder that places a substantial burden on patients, their families, and society. The disease affects approximately 5 million individuals in the United States, with an annual cost of care greater than $100 billion. During the past dozen years, several agents have been approved that enhance cognition and global function of AD patients, and recent advances in understanding AD pathogenesis has led to the development of numerous compounds that might modify the disease process. A wide array of antiamyloid and neuroprotective therapeutic approaches are under investigation on the basis of the hypothesis that amyloid beta (A beta) protein plays a pivotal role in disease onset and progression and that secondary consequences of A beta generation and deposition, including tau hyperphosphorylation and neurofibrillary tangle formation, oxidation, inflammation, and excitotoxicity, contribute to the disease process. Interventions in these processes with agents that reduce amyloid production, limit aggregation, or increase removal might block the cascade of events comprising AD pathogenesis. Reducing tau hyperphosphorylation, limiting oxidation and excitotoxicity, and controlling inflammation might be beneficial disease-modifying strategies. Potentially neuroprotective and restorative treatments such as neurotrophins, neurotrophic factor enhancers, and stem cell-related approaches are also under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Salloway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI, USA.
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100
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Ohta Y, Oishi S, Fujii N, Ohno H. Facile synthesis of 3-(aminomethyl)isoquinolines by copper-catalysed domino four-component coupling and cyclisation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:835-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b718201e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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