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Hendrickx R, Lamm Bergström E, Janzén DLI, Fridén M, Eriksson U, Grime K, Ferguson D. Translational model to predict pulmonary pharmacokinetics and efficacy in man for inhaled bronchodilators. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 7:147-157. [PMID: 29280349 PMCID: PMC5869554 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Translational pharmacokinetic (PK) models are needed to describe and predict drug concentration‐time profiles in lung tissue at the site of action to enable animal‐to‐man translation and prediction of efficacy in humans for inhaled medicines. Current pulmonary PK models are generally descriptive rather than predictive, drug/compound specific, and fail to show successful cross‐species translation. The objective of this work was to develop a robust compartmental modeling approach that captures key features of lung and systemic PK after pulmonary administration of a set of 12 soluble drugs containing single basic, dibasic, or cationic functional groups. The model is shown to allow translation between animal species and predicts drug concentrations in human lungs that correlate with the forced expiratory volume for different classes of bronchodilators. Thus, the pulmonary modeling approach has potential to be a key component in the prediction of human PK, efficacy, and safety for future inhaled medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Hendrickx
- DMPK, Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Lamm Bergström
- DMPK, Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David L I Janzén
- DMPK, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Markus Fridén
- DMPK, Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Eriksson
- Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ken Grime
- DMPK, Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Douglas Ferguson
- DMPK, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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52
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Meyer MJ, Seitz T, Brockmöller J, Tzvetkov MV. Effects of genetic polymorphisms on the OCT1 and OCT2-mediated uptake of ranitidine. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189521. [PMID: 29236753 PMCID: PMC5728534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ranitidine (Zantac®) is a H2-receptor antagonist commonly used for the treatment of acid-related gastrointestinal diseases. Ranitidine was reported to be a substrate of the organic cation transporters OCT1 and OCT2. The hepatic transporter OCT1 is highly genetically variable. Twelve major alleles confer partial or complete loss of OCT1 activity. The effects of these polymorphisms are highly substrate-specific and therefore difficult to predict. The renal transporter OCT2 has a common polymorphism, Ala270Ser, which was reported to affect OCT2 activity. Aim In this study we analyzed the effects of genetic polymorphisms in OCT1 and OCT2 on the uptake of ranitidine and on its potency to inhibit uptake of other drugs. Methods and results We characterized ranitidine uptake using HEK293 and CHO cells stably transfected to overexpress wild type OCT1, OCT2, or their naturally occurring allelic variants. Ranitidine was transported by wild-type OCT1 with a Km of 62.9 μM and a vmax of 1125 pmol/min/mg protein. Alleles OCT1*5, *6, *12, and *13 completely lacked ranitidine uptake. Alleles OCT1*2, *3, *4, and *10 had vmax values decreased by more than 50%. In contrast, OCT1*8 showed an increase of vmax by 25%. The effects of OCT1 alleles on ranitidine uptake strongly correlated with the effects on morphine uptake suggesting common interaction mechanisms of both drugs with OCT1. Ranitidine inhibited the OCT1-mediated uptake of metformin and morphine at clinically relevant concentrations. The inhibitory potency for morphine uptake was affected by the OCT1*2 allele. OCT2 showed only a limited uptake of ranitidine that was not significantly affected by the Ala270Ser polymorphism. Conclusions We confirmed ranitidine as an OCT1 substrate and demonstrated that common genetic polymorphisms in OCT1 strongly affect ranitidine uptake and modulate ranitidine’s potential to cause drug-drug interactions. The effects of the frequent OCT1 polymorphisms on ranitidine pharmacokinetics in humans remain to be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Julia Meyer
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tina Seitz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Brockmöller
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mladen Vassilev Tzvetkov
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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53
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Tzvetkov MV, Matthaei J, Pojar S, Faltraco F, Vogler S, Prukop T, Seitz T, Brockmöller J. Increased Systemic Exposure and Stronger Cardiovascular and Metabolic Adverse Reactions to Fenoterol in Individuals with Heritable OCT1 Deficiency. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 103:868-878. [PMID: 28791698 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fenoterol is a widely used anti-asthmatic and tocolytic agent, but high plasma concentrations of fenoterol may lead to severe and even fatal adverse reactions. We studied whether heritable deficiency of the liver organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1), a trait observed in 3% of Europeans and white Americans, affects fenoterol plasma concentrations and toxicity. OCT1 transported fenoterol with high affinity, and OCT1 inhibition in human hepatocytes reduced fenoterol uptake threefold. After administration of 180 µg of fenoterol to 39 healthy individuals, the OCT1-deficient individuals (zero active OCT1 alleles; n = 5) showed 1.9-fold greater systemic fenoterol exposure (P = 4.0 × 10-5 ) and 1.7-fold lower volume of distribution (P = 8.0 × 10-5 ). Correspondingly, the OCT1-deficient individuals had a 1.5-fold stronger increase in heart rate (P = 0.002), a 3.4-fold greater increase in blood glucose (P = 3.0 × 10-5 ), and significantly lower serum potassium levels. In conclusion, heritable OCT1 deficiency significantly increases plasma concentrations of fenoterol and may be an important factor underlying the excess mortality associated with fenoterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen V Tzvetkov
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Matthaei
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sherin Pojar
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Sabrina Vogler
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Prukop
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tina Seitz
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Brockmöller
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Nakada T, Kudo T, Kume T, Kusuhara H, Ito K. Quantitative analysis of elevation of serum creatinine via renal transporter inhibition by trimethoprim in healthy subjects using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2017; 33:103-110. [PMID: 29361388 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2017.11.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Serum creatinine (SCr) levels rise during trimethoprim therapy for infectious diseases. This study aimed to investigate whether the elevation of SCr can be quantitatively explained using a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model incorporating inhibition by trimethoprim on tubular secretion of creatinine via renal transporters such as organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), OCT3, multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1), and MATE2-K. Firstly, pharmacokinetic parameters in the PBPK model of trimethoprim were determined to reproduce the blood concentration profile after a single intravenous and oral administration of trimethoprim in healthy subjects. The model was verified with datasets of both cumulative urinary excretions after a single administration and the blood concentration profile after repeated oral administration. The pharmacokinetic model of creatinine consisted of the creatinine synthesis rate, distribution volume, and creatinine clearance (CLcre), including tubular secretion via each transporter. When combining the models for trimethoprim and creatinine, the predicted increments in SCr from baseline were 29.0%, 39.5%, and 25.8% at trimethoprim dosages of 5 mg/kg (b.i.d.), 5 mg/kg (q.i.d.), and 200 mg (b.i.d.), respectively, which were comparable with the observed values. The present model analysis enabled us to quantitatively explain increments in SCr during trimethoprim treatment by its inhibition of renal transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Nakada
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan; Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 2-2-50 Kawagishi, Toda-shi, Saitama 335-8505, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kudo
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kume
- Sohyaku. Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 2-2-50 Kawagishi, Toda-shi, Saitama 335-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Ito
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan.
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55
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Tzvetkov MV. OCT1 pharmacogenetics in pain management: is a clinical application within reach? Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:1515-1523. [PMID: 29061087 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Beside drug metabolizing enzymes alsogenetically variable membrane transporters may substantially contribute to the interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics and efficacy of opioids and other analgesics. The organic cation transporter OCT1 is strongly expressed in the sinusoidal membrane of the human liver. It may affect hepatic uptake and thus limit metabolic rates. OCT1 is highly genetically variable. Genetic polymorphisms lead to substantially reduced OCT1 activity in up to 9% of the Europeans and the white Americans. This review summarize the data on the effect of OCT1 polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics and efficacy of opioids like morphine, codeine, and tramadol and of anti-migraine drugs. It discuss currently possible applications and perspectives for establishing OCT1 pharmacogenetics as a useful tool in personalized pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen V Tzvetkov
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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56
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Wang X, Lei B, Ma L, Jiao H, Xing W, Chen J, Li Z. Iron-catalyzed C(5)−H Imidation of Azole with N
-Fluorobenzenesulfonimide. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Huixuan Jiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Xing
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
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57
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Ipratropium is ‘luminally recycled’ by an inter-play between apical uptake and efflux transporters in Calu-3 bronchial epithelial cell layers. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:328-336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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58
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Ehrhardt C, Bäckman P, Couet W, Edwards C, Forbes B, Fridén M, Gumbleton M, Hosoya KI, Kato Y, Nakanishi T, Takano M, Terasaki T, Yumoto R. Current Progress Toward a Better Understanding of Drug Disposition Within the Lungs: Summary Proceedings of the First Workshop on Drug Transporters in the Lungs. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2234-2244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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59
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Yu J, Zhou Z, Tay-Sontheimer J, Levy RH, Ragueneau-Majlessi I. Intestinal Drug Interactions Mediated by OATPs: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Findings. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2312-2325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Obianom ON, Coutinho AL, Yang W, Yang H, Xue F, Shu Y. Incorporation of a Biguanide Scaffold Enhances Drug Uptake by Organic Cation Transporters 1 and 2. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2726-2739. [PMID: 28699756 PMCID: PMC6328375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane transporters play a significant role in the transport of many endogenous and exogenous compounds. The knowledge of transporter substrate requirements has allowed further development of drugs that utilize them to ensure tissue permeation. In this study, we demonstrate that inclusion of a biguanide functionality can potentiate uptake by the organic cation transporters 1 and 2 (OCT1 and OCT2). We synthesized 18 pairs of structurally diverse compounds, each pair consisting of a parent amino compound and its biguanide analog; and then assessed their cellular uptake in HEK293 cells overexpressing human OCT1 or OCT2. Our results show that addition of the biguanide significantly improved OCT1- and OCT2-mediated transport for the majority of compounds. The biguanides also inhibited the uptake of prototypical substrates of both transporters, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and metformin. We found that molecular weight, molecular volume, Log D (pH 7.4), and accessible surface area were important determinants of OCT2 substrates, but none of these parameters was a significant factor for OCT1. More so, the inhibition of MPP+ uptake correlated linearly with that of metformin uptake for the tested biguanides in both cell lines. Taken together, we conclude that the inclusion of the biguanide scaffold in nonsubstrates of OCT1 and OCT2 increase their propensity to become substrates and inhibitors for these transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Fengtian Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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61
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Chen J, Brockmöller J, Seitz T, König J, Chen X, Tzvetkov MV. Tropane alkaloids as substrates and inhibitors of human organic cation transporters of the SLC22 (OCT) and the SLC47 (MATE) families. Biol Chem 2017; 398:237-249. [PMID: 27676604 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Tropane alkaloids and their derivatives are anticholinergic drugs with narrow therapeutic range. Here we characterize the organic cation transporters from the SLC22 (OCT1, OCT2, and OCT3) and the SLC47 families (MATE1 and MATE2-K) as potential mediators of the renal and extra-renal excretion, the two major roads of elimination of these substances. All analyzed compounds inhibited and the quaternary amine derivatives ipratropium and trospium were strongly transported by OCTs and MATEs. Overexpression of OCTs or MATEs in HEK293 cells resulted in an up to 63-fold increase in the uptake of ipratropium (Km of 0.32 μm to OCT2 and Vmax of 3.34 nmol×mg protein-1×min-1 to MATE1). The transcellular transport of ipratropium was 16-fold higher in OCT2-MATE1 and 10-fold higher in OCT1-MATE1 overexpressing compared to control MDCKII cells. Genetic polymorphisms in OCT1 and OCT2 affected ipratropium uptake and clinically relevant concentration of ondansetron and pyrithiamine inhibited ipratropium uptake via MATEs by more than 90%. This study suggests that OCT1, OCT2 and MATEs may be strongly involved in the renal and extra-renal elimination of ipratropium and other quaternary amine alkaloids. These substances have a notoriously narrow therapeutic range and the drug-drug interactions suggested here should be further critically evaluated in humans.
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62
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Mihaljević I, Popović M, Žaja R, Maraković N, Šinko G, Smital T. Interaction between the zebrafish (Danio rerio) organic cation transporter 1 (Oct1) and endo- and xenobiotics. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 187:18-28. [PMID: 28363126 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic cation transporters (OCTs) serve as uptake transporters of numerous endo- and xenobiotics. They have been in the focus of medical toxicological research for more than a decade due to their key role in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion due to their expression on basolateral membranes of various barrier tissues. OCTs belong to the SLC22A family within the SLC (Solute carrier) protein superfamily, with three co-orthologs identified in humans (OCT1, 2 and 3), and two Oct orthologs in zebrafish (Oct1 and Oct2). The structural and functional properties of zebrafish Octs, along with their toxicological relevance, have still not been explored. In this study, we performed a functional characterization of zebrafish Oct1 using transient and stable heterologous expression systems and model fluorescent substrates as the basis for interaction studies with a wide range of endo- and xenobiotics. We also conducted a basic topology analysis and homology modeling to determine the structure and membrane localization of Oct1. Finally, we performed an MTT assay to evaluate the toxic effects of the seven interactors identified - oxaliplatin, cisplatin, berberine, MPP+, prazosin, paraquat and mitoxantrone - in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T) stably expressing zebrafish Oct1 (HEK293T-drOct1 cells). Our results show that the zebrafish Oct1 structure consists of 12 transmembrane alpha helices, which form the active region with more than one active site. Five new fluorescent substrates of Oct1 were identified: ASP+ (Km=26μM), rhodamine 123 (Km=103.7nM), berberine (Km=3.96μM), DAPI (Km=780nM), and ethidium bromide (Km=97nM). Interaction studies revealed numerous interactors that inhibited the Oct1-dependent uptake of fluorescent substrates. The identified interactors ranged from physiological compounds (mainly steroid hormones) to different classes of xenobiotics, with IC50 values in nanomolar (e.g., pyrimethamine and prazosin) to millimolar range (e.g., cimetidine). Cytotoxicity experiments with HEK293T-drOct1 cells enabled us to identify berberine, oxaliplatin and MPP+ as substrates of Oct1. The data presented in this study provide the first insights into the functional properties of zebrafish Oct1 and offer an important basis for more detailed molecular and ecotoxicological characterizations of this transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mihaljević
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marta Popović
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roko Žaja
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Maraković
- Biochemistry and Organic Analytical Chemistry Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Šinko
- Biochemistry and Organic Analytical Chemistry Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tvrtko Smital
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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63
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Mukherjee M, Cingolani E, Pritchard DI, Bosquillon C. Enhanced expression of Organic Cation Transporters in bronchial epithelial cell layers following insults associated with asthma - Impact on salbutamol transport. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:62-70. [PMID: 28549677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests Organic Cation Transporters (OCT) might facilitate the absorption of inhaled bronchodilators, including salbutamol, across the lung epithelium. This is essentially scarred and inflamed in asthma. Accordingly, the impact of epithelial insults relevant to asthma on OCT expression and salbutamol transport was evaluated in air-liquid interfaced layers of the human broncho-epithelial cell line Calu-3. These were physically injured and allowed to recover for 48h or exposed to the pro-inflammatory stimulant lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 48h and the aeroallergen house dust mite (HDM) for 8h twice over 48h. Increases in transporter expression were measured following each treatment, with the protein levels of the OCTN2 subtype consistently raised by at least 50%. Interestingly, OCT upregulation upon LPS and HDM challenges were dependent on an inflammatory event occurring in the cell layers. Salbutamol permeability was higher in LPS exposed layers than in their untreated counterparts and in both cases, was sensitive to the OCT inhibitor tetraethylammonium. This study is the first to show epithelial injury, inflammation and allergen abuse upregulate OCT in bronchial epithelial cells, which might have an impact on the absorption of their substrates in diseased lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manali Mukherjee
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - E Cingolani
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - D I Pritchard
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - C Bosquillon
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
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64
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Neul C, Schaeffeler E, Sparreboom A, Laufer S, Schwab M, Nies AT. Impact of Membrane Drug Transporters on Resistance to Small-Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:904-932. [PMID: 27659854 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule inhibitors of tyrosine kinases (TKIs) are the mainstay of treatment for many malignancies and represent novel treatment options for other diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Twenty-five TKIs are currently FDA-approved and >130 are being evaluated in clinical trials. Increasing evidence suggests that drug exposure of TKIs may significantly contribute to drug resistance, independently from somatic variation of TKI target genes. Membrane transport proteins may limit the amount of TKI reaching the target cells. This review highlights current knowledge on the basic and clinical pharmacology of membrane transporters involved in TKI disposition and their contribution to drug efficacy and adverse drug effects. In addition to non-genetic and epigenetic factors, genetic variants, particularly rare ones, in transporter genes are promising novel factors to explain interindividual variability in the response to TKI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Neul
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Anne T Nies
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Germany
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Hyrsova L, Smutny T, Trejtnar F, Pavek P. Expression of organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1): unique patterns of indirect regulation by nuclear receptors and hepatospecific gene regulation. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 48:139-58. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2016.1188936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Hyrsova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Smutny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Trejtnar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Matthaei J, Kuron D, Faltraco F, Knoch T, Dos Santos Pereira JN, Abu Abed M, Prukop T, Brockmöller J, Tzvetkov MV. OCT1 mediates hepatic uptake of sumatriptan and loss-of-function OCT1 polymorphisms affect sumatriptan pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 99:633-41. [PMID: 26659468 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The low bioavailability of the anti-migraine drug sumatriptan is partially caused by first-pass hepatic metabolism. In this study, we analyzed the impact of the hepatic organic cation transporter OCT1 on sumatriptan cellular uptake, and of OCT1 polymorphisms on sumatriptan pharmacokinetics. OCT1 transported sumatriptan with high capacity and sumatriptan uptake into human hepatocytes was strongly inhibited by the OCT1 inhibitor MPP(+) . Sumatriptan uptake was not affected by the Met420del polymorphism, but was strongly reduced by Arg61Cys and Gly401Ser, and completely abolished by Gly465Arg and Cys88Arg. Plasma concentrations in humans with two deficient OCT1 alleles were 215% of those with fully active OCT1 (P = 0.0003). OCT1 also transported naratriptan, rizatriptan, and zolmitriptan, suggesting a possible impact of OCT1 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of other triptans as well. In conclusion, OCT1 is a high-capacity transporter of sumatriptan and polymorphisms causing OCT1 deficiency have similar effects on sumatriptan pharmacokinetics as those observed in subjects with liver impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Matthaei
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - D Kuron
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - F Faltraco
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - T Knoch
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J N Dos Santos Pereira
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Abu Abed
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - T Prukop
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J Brockmöller
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M V Tzvetkov
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
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Celecoxib antagonizes the cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin in human esophageal cancer cells by impairing the drug influx. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 81:137-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Volpe DA. Transporter assays as useful in vitro tools in drug discovery and development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 11:91-103. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2016.1101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donna A. Volpe
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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69
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Li DC, Nichols CG, Sala-Rabanal M. Role of a Hydrophobic Pocket in Polyamine Interactions with the Polyspecific Organic Cation Transporter OCT3. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:27633-43. [PMID: 26405039 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.668913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3, SLC22A3) is a polyspecific, facilitative transporter expressed in astrocytes and in placental, intestinal, and blood-brain barrier epithelia, and thus elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying OCT3 substrate recognition is critical for the rational design of drugs targeting these tissues. The pharmacology of OCT3 is distinct from that of other OCTs, and here we investigated the role of a hydrophobic cavity tucked within the translocation pathway in OCT3 transport properties. Replacement of an absolutely conserved Asp by charge reversal (D478E), neutralization (D478N), or even exchange (D478E) abolished MPP(+) uptake, demonstrating this residue to be obligatory for OCT3-mediated transport. Mutations at non-conserved residues lining the putative binding pocket of OCT3 to the corresponding residue in OCT1 (L166F, F450L, and E451Q) reduced the rate of MPP(+) transport, but recapitulated the higher sensitivity pharmacological profile of OCT1. Thus, interactions of natural polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine) and polyamine-like potent OCT1 blockers (1,10-diaminodecane, decamethonium, bistriethylaminodecane, and 1,10-bisquinuclidinedecane) with wild-type OCT3 were weak, but were significantly potentiated in the mutant OCT3s. Conversely, a reciprocal mutation in OCT1 (F161L) shifted the polyamine-sensitivity phenotype toward that of OCT3. Further analysis indicated that OCT1 and OCT3 can recognize essentially the same substrates, but the strength of substrate-transporter interactions is weaker in OCT3, as informed by the distinct makeup of the hydrophobic cleft. The residues identified here are key contributors to both the observed differences between OCT3 and OCT1 and to the mechanisms of substrate recognition by OCTs in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan C Li
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and the Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases (CIMED), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Colin G Nichols
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and the Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases (CIMED), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Monica Sala-Rabanal
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and the Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases (CIMED), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Organic cation transporters OCT1, OCT2 and OCT3 expressed in the small intestine, liver, brain and other organs play important roles in absorption, excretion and distribution of cationic drugs. Drug-drug interactions at OCTs may change pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and drug toxicity. Knowledge about physiological and biomedical functions of OCTs and the molecular mechanisms of transport and inhibition is required to anticipate drug-drug interactions and their potential biomedical impact. AREAS COVERED Current knowledge about structure, polyspecific cation binding and transport of OCTs is summarized. Tissue distributions of OCT1-3 and their presumed physiological roles in the small intestine, liver, kidney and brain are reported, and drugs that are transported by human OCT1-3 are listed. The impact of human OCTs for pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the antidiabetic metformin and antineoplastic platinum derivatives are discussed. In addition, interactions of drugs that are transported by OCTs observed in the kidney and liver are reported. Procedures to test novel drugs for drug-drug interactions at OCTs in vitro and in clinical studies are recommended. EXPERT OPINION When performing in vitro testing for drug-drug interactions, it must be considered that one inhibitory drug may inhibit different transported drugs with different affinities. After positive in vitro testing for drug-drug interaction, clinical tests are obligatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Koepsell
- a University Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics , Botanik 1, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Würzburg 97082, Germany
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Wang DW, Lin HY, Cao RJ, Chen T, Wu FX, Hao GF, Chen Q, Yang WC, Yang GF. Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of Triketone-Quinoline Hybrids as Novel 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5587-5596. [PMID: 26006257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27, HPPD) is one of the most important targets for herbicide discovery. In the search for new HPPD inhibitors with novel scaffolds, triketone-quinoline hybrids were designed and subsequently optimized on the basis of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. Most of the synthesized compounds displayed potent inhibition of Arabidopsis thaliana HPPD (AtHPPD), and some of them exhibited broad-spectrum and promising herbicidal activity at the rate of 150 g ai/ha by postemergence application. Most promisingly, compound III-l, 3-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxy-7-(methylthio)quinoline-3-carbonyl)cyclohex-2-enone (Ki = 0.009 μM, AtHPPD), had broader spectrum of weed control than mesotrione. Furthermore, compound III-l was much safer to maize at the rate of 150 g ai/ha than mesotrione, demonstrating its great potential as herbicide for weed control in maize fields. Therefore, triketone-quinoline hybrids may serve as new lead structures for novel herbicide discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guang-Fu Yang
- ‡Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 30071, People's Republic of China
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Brockmöller J, Tzvetkov MV. Polymorphic OCT1: a valid biomarker, but for which drugs? Pharmacogenomics 2013; 14:1933-6. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Brockmöller
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mladen V Tzvetkov
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
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