Application of the Dakin-West reaction for the synthesis of oxazole-containing dual PPARalpha/gamma agonists

PCC/SiO2–H2SO4: A Convenient System for in situ Oxidative β–acetamidoketone Formation from Aromatic Alcohols and Silyl Ethers

A convenient and efficient one-pot multicomponent synthesis of β-acetamidoketones from aromatic alcohols and silyl ethers in the presence of acetylchloride and a combination of PCC and silica gel supported sulfuric acid is described.

Dakin−West Synthesis of β-Aryl Ketones

Triethylamine and 1-methylimidazole were found to be selective catalysts for the Dakin-West synthesis of diaryl ketones and aryl methyl ketones, respectively. In the 1-methylimidazole-catalyzed reaction, catalysis is due to the simultaneous formation of both an effective acylating agent, 1-acyl-3-methylimidazolium, and a base, carboxylate anion. Hydrocinnamic acid, a compound previously reported to be unreactive under Dakin-West conditions, forms 4-phenyl-2-butanone when the reaction is catalyzed by 1-methylimidazole.

Heteropoly acids as solid green Brønsted acids for a one-pot synthesis of β-acetamido ketones by Dakin–West reaction

An efficient improved procedure for the synthesis of beta-acetamido ketones has been developed by a heteropoly acid (HPA) catalyzed three-component coupling protocol. The present methodology offers several advantages such as excellent yields, simple procedure, short reaction times, and mild conditions.

Synthesis and Reactions of 2,2-[60]Fullerenoalkanoyl Chlorides

2,2-[60]Fullerenoalkanoyl chlorides (1a-d) were easily and securely prepared from the corresponding 2,2-[60]fullerenoalkanoic acids (2a-d) by the reaction with thionyl chloride in an unusual mixed solvent, CH2Cl2/dioxane. The characterization of 1a-d by 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR, and MALDI-TOF-MASS was conducted for the first time. The 2,2-[60]fullerenoalkanoyl chlorides thus obtained were readily converted to the corresponding amides and esters in moderate to excellent yields by the condensation with amines and alcohols, respectively. Upon applying the condensation, [60]fullerene-biomolecule hybrids were easily prepared.

Substituted indanylacetic acids as PPAR-α–γ activators

A series of oxazole-substituted indanylacetic acids were prepared which show a spectrum of activity as ligands for PPAR nuclear receptor subtypes.

Conversion of human-selective PPARα agonists to human/mouse dual agonists: a molecular modeling analysis

To understand the species selectivity in a series of alpha-methyl-alpha-phenoxy carboxylic acid PPARalpha/gamma dual agonists (1-11), structure-based molecular modeling was carried out in the ligand binding pockets of both human and mouse PPARalpha. This study suggested that interaction of both 4-phenoxy and phenyloxazole substituents of these ligands with F272 and M279 in mouse PPARalpha leads to the species-specific divergence in ligand binding. Insights obtained in the molecular modeling studies of these key interactions resulted in the ability to convert a human-selective PPARalpha agonist to a human and mouse dual agonist within the same platform.