51
|
Rumer JW, Hor CK, Meager I, Yau CP, Huang Z, Nielsen CB, Watkins SE, Bronstein H, McCulloch I. Alkyl side-chain branching point effects in thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/21606099.2013.829393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Rumer
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Christine K.L. Hor
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Iain Meager
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Chin P. Yau
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Zhenggang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Christian B. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Hugo Bronstein
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Okamoto K, Zhang J, Housekeeper JB, Marder SR, Luscombe CK. C–H Arylation Reaction: Atom Efficient and Greener Syntheses of π-Conjugated Small Molecules and Macromolecules for Organic Electronic Materials. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401190r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Okamoto
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1652,
United States
| | - Junxiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
United States
| | - Jeremy B. Housekeeper
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1652,
United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Seth R. Marder
- School of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
United States
| | - Christine K. Luscombe
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1652,
United States
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Ouattara MP, Lenfant S, Vuillaume D, Pézolet M, Rioux-Dubé JF, Brisson J, Leclerc M. Langmuir–Blodgett Films of Amphiphilic Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-Based Alternating Copolymers. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401030m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Perpethue Ouattara
- Department of Chemistry and Centre de recherche
sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Stéphane Lenfant
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics
and Nanotechnology, CNRS and University of Lille Villeneuve d’Ascq, F-59562
Cedex, France
| | - Dominique Vuillaume
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics
and Nanotechnology, CNRS and University of Lille Villeneuve d’Ascq, F-59562
Cedex, France
| | - Michel Pézolet
- Department of Chemistry and Centre de recherche
sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Jean-François Rioux-Dubé
- Department of Chemistry and Centre de recherche
sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Josée Brisson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre de recherche
sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Department of Chemistry and Centre de recherche
sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Mercier LG, Leclerc M. Direct (hetero)arylation: a new tool for polymer chemists. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46:1597-605. [PMID: 23544354 DOI: 10.1021/ar3003305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of aryl halides with catalytically activated aryl C-H bonds provides a desirable and atom-economical alternative to standard cross-coupling reactions for the construction of new C-C bonds. The reaction, termed direct (hetero)arylation, is believed to follow a base-assisted, concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) pathway. During this process, carboxylate or carbonate anions coordinate to the metal center, typically palladium, in situ and assist in the deprotonation transition state. Researchers have employed this methodology with numerous arenes and heteroarenes, including substituted benzenes, perfluorinated benzenes, and thiophenes. Thiophene substrates have demonstrated high reactivity toward C-H bond activation when appropriately substituted with electron-rich and/or electron-deficient groups. Because of the pervasive use of thiophenes in materials for organic electronics, researchers have used this chemistry to modularly prepare conjugated small molecules and, more recently, conjugated polymers. Although optimization of reaction conditions such as solvent system, phosphine ligand, carboxylate additives, temperature, and time is necessary for efficient C-H bond reactivity of each monomer, direct (hetero)arylation polymerization (DHAP) can afford high yielding polymeric materials with elevated molecular weights. The properties of these materials often rival those of polymers prepared by traditional methods. Moreover, DHAP provides a facile means for the synthesis of polymers that were previously inaccessible or difficult to prepare due to the instability of organometallic monomers. The major downfall of direct (hetero)arylation, however, is the lack of C-H bond selectivity, particularly for thiophene substrates, which can result in cross-linked material during polymerization reactions. Further fine-tuning of reaction conditions such as temperature and reaction time may suppress these unwanted side reactions. Alternatively, new monomers can be designed where other reactive bonds are blocked, either sterically or by substitution with unreactive alkyl or halogen groups. In this Account, we illustrate these methods and present examples of DHAP reactions that involve the preparation of common homopolymers used in organic electronics (P3HT, PEDOT, PProDOT), copolymers formed by activation of electron-rich (bithiophene, fused bithiophenes) and electron-deficient monomers (TPD, 1,2,4,5-tetrafluorobenzene, 2,2'-bithiazole). Our group is optimizing these reactions and developing ways to make DHAP a common atom-economical synthetic tool for polymer chemists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G. Mercier
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Wakioka M, Nakamura Y, Hihara Y, Ozawa F, Sakaki S. Factors Controlling the Reactivity of Heteroarenes in Direct Arylation with Arylpalladium Acetate Complexes. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400636r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Wakioka
- International Research Center
for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- International Research Center
for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hihara
- International Research Center
for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Ozawa
- International Research Center
for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- JST ACT-C, Uji,
Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Sakaki
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 610-8103,
Japan
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Lu W, Kuwabara J, Kanbara T. Synthesis of π-Conjugated Polymer Consisting of Pyrrole and Fluorene Units by Ru-Catalyzed Site-Selective Direct Arylation Polycondensation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:1151-6. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
57
|
Rudenko AE, Wiley CA, Tannaci JF, Thompson BC. Optimization of direct arylation polymerization conditions for the synthesis of poly(3-hexylthiophene). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey E. Rudenko
- Department of Chemistry; Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Center for Energy Nanoscience, University of Southern California; Los Angeles; California; 90089-1661
| | - Calvin A. Wiley
- Department of Chemistry; California Lutheran University; Thousand Oaks; California; 91360
| | - John F. Tannaci
- Department of Chemistry; California Lutheran University; Thousand Oaks; California; 91360
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry; Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Center for Energy Nanoscience, University of Southern California; Los Angeles; California; 90089-1661
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Wakioka M, Kitano Y, Ozawa F. A Highly Efficient Catalytic System for Polycondensation of 2,7-Dibromo-9,9-dioctylfluorene and 1,2,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzene via Direct Arylation. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302558z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Wakioka
- International Research
Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yutaro Kitano
- International Research
Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Ozawa
- International Research
Center for Elements Science (IRCELS), Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- ACT-C, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Kuwabara J, Nohara Y, Choi SJ, Fujinami Y, Lu W, Yoshimura K, Oguma J, Suenobu K, Kanbara T. Direct arylation polycondensation for the synthesis of bithiophene-based alternating copolymers. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20917a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
60
|
Mercier LG, Aïch BR, Najari A, Beaupré S, Berrouard P, Pron A, Robitaille A, Tao Y, Leclerc M. Direct heteroarylation of β-protected dithienosilole and dithienogermole monomers with thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione and furo[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py21138j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
61
|
Pron A, Berrouard P, Leclerc M. Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-Based Polymers for Optoelectronic Applications. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|