51
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Wang F, Xue X, Liu X. Multicolor Tuning of (Ln, P)-Doped YVO4 Nanoparticles by Single-Wavelength Excitation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:906-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200704520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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52
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Chmyrov A, Arden-Jacob J, Zilles A, Drexhage KH, Widengren J. Characterization of new fluorescent labels for ultra-high resolution microscopy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:1378-85. [DOI: 10.1039/b810991p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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53
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Dedecker P, Hotta JI, Flors C, Sliwa M, Uji-i H, Roeffaers MBJ, Ando R, Mizuno H, Miyawaki A, Hofkens J. Subdiffraction Imaging through the Selective Donut-Mode Depletion of Thermally Stable Photoswitchable Fluorophores: Numerical Analysis and Application to the Fluorescent Protein Dronpa. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:16132-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ja076128z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dedecker
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and INPAC, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Hotta
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and INPAC, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Cristina Flors
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and INPAC, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Michel Sliwa
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and INPAC, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uji-i
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and INPAC, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Maarten B. J. Roeffaers
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and INPAC, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ryoko Ando
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and INPAC, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hideaki Mizuno
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and INPAC, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and INPAC, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and INPAC, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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54
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Sabanayagam CR, Eid JS, Meller A. Long time scale blinking kinetics of cyanine fluorophores conjugated to DNA and its effect on Förster resonance energy transfer. J Chem Phys 2007; 123:224708. [PMID: 16375496 DOI: 10.1063/1.2136157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The blinking kinetics of individual Cy5 fluorophores conjugated to DNA are directly measured using single-molecule spectroscopy. Under deoxygenated aqueous conditions, Cy5 fluorescence exhibits spontaneous and reversible on/off fluctuations with a period lasting seconds. This blinking is observed when directly exciting Cy5 with 640 nm light and by Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET). We find that Cy5 blinking is influenced by the proximity of the donor, the structure of the donor, the presence of 514 nm excitation, and FRET. In the context of single-molecule FRET, blinking of the acceptor produces anticorrelated donor-acceptor intensity fluctuations, which can be difficult to discern from variations in the interdye distance. Slow blinking is, in particular, problematic because it overlaps with biologically relevant time scales. By employing an alternating 514640 nm laser excitation scheme, we show that the dark states can be readily resolved and discriminated from FRET distance fluctuations.
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55
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Clifford JN, Bell TDM, Tinnefeld P, Heilemann M, Melnikov SM, Hotta JI, Sliwa M, Dedecker P, Sauer M, Hofkens J, Yeow EKL. Fluorescence of Single Molecules in Polymer Films: Sensitivity of Blinking to Local Environment. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:6987-91. [PMID: 17530801 DOI: 10.1021/jp072864d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The single-molecule fluorescence blinking behavior of the organic dye Atto647N in various polymer matrixes such as Zeonex, PVK, and PVA as well as aqueous media was investigated. Fluorescence blinking with off-times in the millisecond to second time range is assigned to dye radical ions formed by photoinduced electron transfer reactions from or to the environment. In Zeonex and PVK, the measured off-time distributions show power law dependence, whereas, in PVA, no such dependence is observed. Rather, in this polymer, off-time distributions can be best fitted to monoexponential or stretched exponential functions. Furthermore, treatment of PVA samples to mild heating and low pressure greatly reduces the frequency of blinking events. We tentatively ascribe this to the removal of water pockets within the polymer film itself. Measurements of the dye immobilized in water in the presence of methylviologen, a strongly oxidizing agent, reveal simple exponential on- and off-time distributions. Thus, our data suggest that the blinking behavior of single organic molecules is sensitive to their immediate environment and, moreover, that fluorescence blinking on- and off-time distributions do not inherently and uniquely obey a power law.
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56
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Bretschneider S, Eggeling C, Hell SW. Breaking the diffraction barrier in fluorescence microscopy by optical shelving. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:218103. [PMID: 17677813 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.218103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the breaking of the diffraction resolution barrier in far-field fluorescence microscopy by transiently shelving the fluorophore in a metastable dark state. Using a relatively modest light intensity of several kW/cm(2) in a focal distribution featuring a local zero, we confine the fluorescence emission to a spot whose diameter is a fraction of the wavelength of light. Nanoscale far-field optical resolution down to 50 nm is demonstrated by imaging microtubules in a mammalian cell and proteins on the plasma membrane of a neuron. The presence of dark states in virtually any fluorescent molecule opens up a new venue for far-field microscopy with resolution that is no longer limited by diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bretschneider
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37070 Göttingen, Germany
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57
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Hoogenboom JP, Hernando J, van Dijk EMHP, van Hulst NF, García-Parajó MF. Power-Law Blinking in the Fluorescence of Single Organic Molecules. Chemphyschem 2007; 8:823-33. [PMID: 17387683 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200600783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The blinking behavior of perylene diïmide molecules is investigated at the single-molecule level. We observe long-time scale blinking of individual multi-chromophoric complexes embedded in a poly(methylmethacrylate) matrix, as well as for the monomeric dye absorbed on a glass substrate at ambient conditions. In both these different systems, the blinking of single molecules is found to obey analogous power-law statistics for both the on and off periods. The observed range for single-molecular power-law blinking extends over the full experimental time window, covering four orders of magnitude in time and six orders of magnitude in probability density. From molecule to molecule, we observe a large spread in off-time power-law exponents. The distributions of off-exponents in both systems are markedly different whereas both on-exponent distributions appear similar. Our results are consistent with models that ascribe the power-law behavior to charge separation and (environment-dependent) recombination by electron tunneling to a dynamic distribution of charge acceptors. As a consequence of power-law statistics, single molecule properties like the total number of emitted photons display non-ergodicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Hoogenboom
- Applied Optics Group, Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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58
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Park M, Yoon MC, Yoon ZS, Hori T, Peng X, Aratani N, Hotta JI, Uji-I H, Sliwa M, Hofkens J, Osuka A, Kim D. Single-Molecule Spectroscopic Investigation of Energy Migration Processes in Cyclic Porphyrin Arrays. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:3539-44. [PMID: 17341068 DOI: 10.1021/ja065813n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Covalently linked cyclic porphyrin arrays have been synthesized to mimic natural light-harvesting apparatuses and to investigate the highly efficient energy migration processes occurring in these systems for future applications in molecular photonics. To avoid an ensemble-averaged picture, we performed a single-molecule spectroscopic study on the energy migration processes of cyclic porphyrin arrays and a linear model compound embedded in a rigid polymer matrix by recording fluorescence intensity trajectories, by performing coincidence measurements, and by doing wide-field defocused imaging. Our study demonstrates efficient energy migration within the cyclic porphyrin arrays at the single-molecule level. By comparison with the data of the linear model compound, we could pinpoint the role of the dipole-dipole coupling between diporphyrin subunits and the rigidity of the cyclic structures on the energy transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Park
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Characteristics Control and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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59
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Jia K, Wan Y, Xia A, Li S, Gong F, Yang G. Characterization of Photoinduced Isomerization and Intersystem Crossing of the Cyanine Dye Cy3. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:1593-7. [PMID: 17295461 DOI: 10.1021/jp067843i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several important photophysical properties of the cyanine dye Cy3 have been determined by laser flash photolysis. The triplet-state absorption and photoisomerization of Cy3 are distinguished by using the heavy-atom effects and oxygen-induced triplet --> triplet energy transfer. Furthermore, the triplet-state extinction coefficient and quantum yield of Cy3 are also measured via triplet-triplet energy-transfer method and comparative actinometry, respectively. It is found that the triplet --> triplet (T1-->Tn) absorptions of trans-Cy3 largely overlap the ground-state absorption of cis-Cy3. Unlike what occurred in Cy5, we have not observed the triplet-state T1-->Tn absorption of cis-Cy3 and the phosphorescence from triplet state of cis-Cy3 following a singlet excitation (S0-S1) of trans-Cy3, indicating the absence of a lowest cis-triplet state as an isomerization intermediate upon excitation in Cy3. The detailed spectra of Cy3 reported in this paper could help us interpret the complicated photophysics of cyanine dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jia
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing-100080, P. R. China
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60
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Hoogenboom JP, den Otter WK, Offerhaus HL. Accurate and unbiased estimation of power-law exponents from single-emitter blinking data. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:204713. [PMID: 17144729 DOI: 10.1063/1.2387165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Single emitter blinking with a power-law distribution for the on and off times has been observed on a variety of systems including semiconductor nanocrystals, conjugated polymers, fluorescent proteins, and organic fluorophores. The origin of this behavior is still under debate. Reliable estimation of power exponents from experimental data is crucial in validating the various models under consideration. We derive a maximum likelihood estimator for power-law distributed data and analyze its accuracy as a function of data set size and power exponent both analytically and numerically. Results are compared to least-squares fitting of the double logarithmically transformed probability density. We demonstrate that least-squares fitting introduces a severe bias in the estimation result and that the maximum likelihood procedure is superior in retrieving the correct exponent and reducing the statistical error. For a data set as small as 50 data points, the error margins of the maximum likelihood estimator are already below 7%, giving the possibility to quantify blinking behavior when data set size is limited, e.g., due to photobleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Hoogenboom
- Optical Techniques, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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61
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Fu Y, Lakowicz JR. Enhanced fluorescence of Cy5-labeled oligonucleotides near silver island films: a distance effect study using single molecule spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:22557-62. [PMID: 17092001 PMCID: PMC2737407 DOI: 10.1021/jp060402e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated fluorescence enhancements and lifetime reductions of Cy5 probe molecules at various distances from the deposited silver island film surface using single molecule spectroscopic methods. The proximity of fluorophore molecules to the surface was controlled by alternating layers of biotinylated bovine serum albumin (BSA-biotin) and avidin, followed by binding of Cy5-labeled oligonucleotides to the top of a BSA-biotin layer structure. We observed dramatically varied brightness of fluorophores with distances from metal structures as well with reduced blinking in the presence of silver island films. In addition, distributions of fluorescence lifetimes and apparent emission intensities from individual molecules indicate an inhomogeneous nature of local matrix surface near metallic nanostructures. These studies illustrate the exclusive information that is otherwise hidden in ensemble measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 USA.
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62
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Irawan R, Tay CM, Tjin SC, Fu CY. Compact fluorescence detection using in-fiber microchannels-its potential for lab-on-a-chip applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2006; 6:1095-8. [PMID: 16874385 DOI: 10.1039/b607834f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a compact and practical fluorescence sensor using an in-fiber microchannel. A blue LED, a multimode PMMA or silica fiber and a mini-PMT were used as an excitation source, a light guide and a fluorescence detector, respectively. Microfluidic channels of 100 microm width and 210 microm depth were fabricated in the optical fibers using a direct-write CO(2) laser system. The experimental results show that the sensor has high sensitivity, able to detect 0.005 microg L(-1) of fluorescein in the PBS solution, and the results are reproducible. The results also show that the silica fiber sensor has better sensitivity than that of the PMMA fiber sensor. This could be due to the fouling effect of the frosty layer formed at the microchannel made within the PMMA fiber. It is believed that this fiber sensor has the potential to be integrated into microfluidic chips for lab-on-a-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Irawan
- Singapore-University of Washington Alliance, Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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63
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Yeow EKL, Melnikov SM, Bell TDM, De Schryver FC, Hofkens J. Characterizing the Fluorescence Intermittency and Photobleaching Kinetics of Dye Molecules Immobilized on a Glass Surface. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:1726-34. [PMID: 16451001 DOI: 10.1021/jp055496r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The blinking behavior of single Atto565 molecules on a glass surface is studied under air or nitrogen atmospheres using confocal microscopy. The broad distributions for both on- and off-time durations obey power law kinetics that are rationalized using a charge tunneling model. In this case, a charge is transferred from the Atto565 molecule to localized states found on the glass surface. Subsequent charge recombination by back charge tunneling from trap to Atto565 cation (i.e., dark state) restores the fluorescence. The off-time distribution is independent of excitation intensity (I), whereas the on-time distribution exhibits a power law exponent that varies with I. Two pathways have been identified to lead to the formation of the radical dark state. The first involves direct charge tunneling from the excited singlet S1 state to charge traps in the surrounding matrix, and the second requires charge ejection from the triplet T1 state after intersystem crossing from S1. Monte Carlo simulation studies complement the two-pathway model. Photobleaching curves of both single and ensemble molecules do not exhibit monoexponential decays suggesting complex bleaching dynamics arising from triplet and radical states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin K L Yeow
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
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64
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Huang Z, Ji D, Wang S, Xia A, Koberling F, Patting M, Erdmann R. Spectral Identification of Specific Photophysics of Cy5 by Means of Ensemble and Single Molecule Measurements. J Phys Chem A 2005; 110:45-50. [PMID: 16392838 DOI: 10.1021/jp0562936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The triplet-state characteristics of the Cy5 molecule related to trans-cis isomerization are investigated by means of ensemble and single molecule measurements. Cy5 has been used frequently in the past 10 years in single molecule spectroscopic applications, e.g., as a probe or fluorescence resonance energy transfer acceptor in large biomolecules. However, the unknown spectral properties of the triplet state and the lack of knowledge on the photoisomerization do not allow us to interpret precisely the unexpected single molecule behaviors. This limits the application of Cy5. The laser photolysis experiments demonstrate that the trans triplet state of Cy5 absorbs about 625 nm, the cis ground state absorbs about 690 nm, and the cis triplet state also absorbs about 690 nm. In other words, the T1-Tn absorptions largely overlap the ground-state absorptions for both trans and cis isomers, respectively. Furthermore, the observation of the cis triplet state indicates an important isomerization pathway from the trans-S1 state to the cis-T1 state upon excitation. The detailed spectra presented in this article let us clearly interpret the exact mechanisms responsible for several important and unexpected photophysical behaviors of single Cy5 molecules such as reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), the observation of dim states with a lower emission intensity and slightly red-shifted fluorescence, and unusual energy transfer from donor molecules to dark Cy5 molecules acting as acceptors in single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements. Spectral results show that the dim state in the single molecule fluorescence intensity time traces originated from cis-Cy5 because of a lower excitation rate, resulting from the red-shifted ground-state absorption of cis-Cy5 compared to that of the trans-Cy5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, People's Republic of China
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65
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Hoogenboom JP, van Dijk EMHP, Hernando J, van Hulst NF, García-Parajó MF. Power-law-distributed dark states are the main pathway for photobleaching of single organic molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:097401. [PMID: 16197247 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.097401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We exploit the strong excitonic coupling in a superradiant trimer molecule to distinguish between long-lived collective dark states and photobleaching events. The population and depopulation kinetics of the dark states in a single molecule follow power-law statistics over 5 orders of magnitude in time. This result is consistent with the formation of a radical unit via electron tunneling to a time-varying distribution of trapping sites in the surrounding polymer matrix. We furthermore demonstrate that this radicalization process forms the dominant pathway for molecular photobleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Hoogenboom
- Applied Optics group, Faculty of Science & Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, NL-7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
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66
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Gensch T, Böhmer M, Aramendía PF. Single Molecule Blinking and Photobleaching Separated by Wide-Field Fluorescence Microscopy. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:6652-8. [PMID: 16834017 DOI: 10.1021/jp0510847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Single molecule fluorescence detection of Atto590 in poly(vinyl alcohol) was achieved by using a wide-field epifluorescence microscope with CCD-camera detection. Image sequences are obtained from which the time traces of the detected molecules are built. We find a distinctive difference between the time evolution of the fluorescence originating from the molecules detected in the first image of the sequence compared to the time evolution of the fluorescence of the molecules detected in each image of the sequence. Atto590 shows very long blinking times and photobleaching and photoblinking that are both quadratically dependent on the irradiation power density. Our approach allows kinetic separation of photobleaching from blinking. The possibility of choosing different ensembles of molecules is demonstrated and taken advantage of for this aim. Initially dark molecules or low emitting ones that might be overlooked are important to describe the complete ensemble behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gensch
- Institute for Biological Information Processing, IBI-1, Research Centre Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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67
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Huang Z, Ji D, Xia A, Koberling F, Patting M, Erdmann R. Direct Observation of Delayed Fluorescence from a Remarkable Back-Isomerization in Cy5. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:8064-6. [PMID: 15926831 DOI: 10.1021/ja050050+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The direct observations of delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence from the cyanine dye Cy5 are reported. The delayed fluorescence is generated from the S(1) state of trans-Cy5 through a reserve intersystem crossing from the cis-triplet state T(1) to the trans-singlet state S(1) via thermal activation. The lowest cis-triplet state is evidenced to be involved in the formation of the isomer. The back-isomerization from cis-triplet state to trans-singlet state crossing, a remarkably back-isomerization pathway that has not been reported before, plays a significant role in this unusual delayed fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P. R. China
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68
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Piwoński H, Kołos R, Meixner A, Sepioł J. Optimal oxygen concentration for the detection of single indocarbocyanine molecules in a polymeric matrix. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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69
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Abstract
A new method of fluorescence detection that promises to increase sensitivity by 20- to 1000-fold is described. This method will also decrease the contribution of sample autofluorescence to the detected signal. The method depends on the coupling of excited fluorophores with the surface plasmon resonance present in thin metal films, typically silver and gold. The phenomenon of surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) occurs for fluorophores 20-250 nm from the metal surface, allowing detection of fluorophores over substantial distances beyond the metal-sample interface. SPCE depends on interactions of the excited fluorophore with the metal surface. This interaction is independent of the mode of excitation; that is, it does not require evanescent wave or surface-plasmon excitation. In a sense, SPCE is the inverse process of the surface plasmon resonance absorption of thin metal films. Importantly, SPCE occurs over a narrow angular distribution, converting normally isotropic emission into easily collected directional emission. Up to 50% of the emission from unoriented samples can be collected, much larger than typical fluorescence collection efficiencies near 1% or less. SPCE is due only to fluorophores near the metal surface and may be regarded as emission from the induced surface plasmons. Autofluorescence from more distal parts of the sample is decreased due to decreased coupling. SPCE is highly polarized and autofluorescence can be further decreased by collecting only the polarized component or only the light propagating with the appropriate angle. Examples showing how simple optical configurations can be used in diagnostics, sensing, or biotechnology applications are presented. Surface plasmon-coupled emission is likely to find widespread applications throughout the biosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Lakowicz
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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70
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Haase M, Hübner CG, Reuther E, Herrmann A, Müllen K, Basché T. Exponential and Power-Law Kinetics in Single-Molecule Fluorescence Intermittency. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0313674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Haase
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 11, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian G. Hübner
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 11, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - E. Reuther
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 11, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A. Herrmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 11, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - K. Müllen
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 11, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Th. Basché
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 11, 55128 Mainz, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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71
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Vallée RAL, Cotlet M, Van der Auweraer M, Hofkens J, Müllen K, De Schryver FC. Single-Molecule Conformations Probe Free Volume in Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:2296-7. [PMID: 14982420 DOI: 10.1021/ja031599g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, we showed that the conformational dynamics of the tetraphenoxy-perylenetetracarboxy diimide single dye molecule embedded in different polymer matrixes allows a direct visualization of the local free volume. By monitoring the fluorescence lifetime of the dye molecule in time and at different locations in the matrix, different lifetimes were observed. Attributed to two distinct stable conformations of the dye molecule, the lifetime variations permitted characterization of the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of free volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud A L Vallée
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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72
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Cotlet M, Gronheid R, Habuchi S, Stefan A, Barbafina A, Müllen K, Hofkens J, De Schryver FC. Intramolecular Directional Förster Resonance Energy Transfer at the Single-Molecule Level in a Dendritic System. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:13609-17. [PMID: 14583059 DOI: 10.1021/ja036858g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We report on the directional Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) process taking place in single molecules of a first (T1P4) and a second (T2P8) generation of a perylenemonoimide (P)-terrylenediimide (T)-based dendrimer in which the chromophores are separated by rigid polyphenylene arms. At low excitation powers, single-molecule detection and spectroscopy of T1P4 and T2P8 dendrimers point to a highly efficient directional FRET from P donors to the central T acceptor, optical excitation at 488 nm resulting in exclusively acceptor emission in the beginning of the detected fluorescence intensity. Donor emission is seen only upon the bleaching of the acceptor. High-resolution time-resolved single-molecule fluorescence data measured with a microchannel plate photomultiplier reveal, for T2P8, a broad range of FRET rates as a result of a broad range of distances and orientations experienced by the donor-acceptor dendrimers when immobilized in a polymer matrix. Single-molecule data from T2P8 on 488 nm excitation are indicative for the presence, after terrylenediimide bleaching, of a P-P excited dimer characterized by a broad emission spectrum peaking around 600 nm and by fluctuating fluorescence decay times. At high excitation powers, single T1P4 and T2P8 molecules display simultaneous emission from both donor and acceptor chromophores. The effect, called "exciton blockade", occurs due to the presence of multiple excitations in a single molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Cotlet
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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73
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Biju VP, Ye JY, Ishikawa M. Spatial Heterogeneity in a Polymer Thin Film Probed by Single Molecules. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp034942c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasudevan Pillai Biju
- Single Molecule Bioanalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST, Shikoku), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Jing Yong Ye
- Single Molecule Bioanalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST, Shikoku), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ishikawa
- Single Molecule Bioanalysis Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST, Shikoku), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
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74
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Zondervan R, Kulzer F, Orlinskii SB, Orrit M. Photoblinking of Rhodamine 6G in Poly(vinyl alcohol): Radical Dark State Formed through the Triplet. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp034723r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rob Zondervan
- Molecular Nano-Optics and Spins (MoNOS), Leiden Institute of Physics (LION), Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Kulzer
- Molecular Nano-Optics and Spins (MoNOS), Leiden Institute of Physics (LION), Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sergei B. Orlinskii
- Molecular Nano-Optics and Spins (MoNOS), Leiden Institute of Physics (LION), Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Orrit
- Molecular Nano-Optics and Spins (MoNOS), Leiden Institute of Physics (LION), Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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75
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Vallée R, Vancso G, van Hulst N, Calbert JP, Cornil J, Brédas J. Molecular fluorescence lifetime fluctuations: on the possible role of conformational effects. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(03)00379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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