Regular two-dimensional molecular array of photoluminescent Anderson-type polyoxometalate constructed by Langmuir-Blodgett technique

Recent Progress on the Photonic Properties of Conjugated Organometallic Polymers Built Upon the trans-Bis(para-ethynylbenzene)bis(phosphine)platinum(II) Chromophore and Related Derivatives

This review article surveys the electronic and photophysical properties of conjugated organometallic polymers built upon the title compound and its related derivatives focussing primarily on systems investigated in our laboratories. The general structure of the polymers is (trans-bis(para-ethynylbenzene)bis(phosphine)platinum(II)-G)(n) where G is a conjugated group such as thiophene, fluorene, carbazole, substituted silole, quinone derivative, and metalloporphyrin residue, or a non-conjugated main-group moiety. Systems based on substituted phenylene units and other related fused rings are also discussed. The phosphine ligands are generally triethyl- or tri-n-butylphosphine groups. These trans-platinum(II) polymers and the corresponding model compounds are compared to the corresponding ortho-derivatives in the quinone series, and the newly prepared paracyclophane-containing polymers. For the porphyrin series, a comparison of fully conjugated oligomers exhibiting the general structure (trans-bis(para-ethynyl(zinc(porphyrin)))bis(phosphine)platinum(II))(n) (i.e., the C(6) H(4) group is absent from the main chain) will be made. This contribution also includes a description of the properties of the mononuclear chromophore itself, properties that define those of the polymers. Potential applications with regard to electronic and optical devices will be highlighted. These soluble and stable materials feature both the processing advantages of polymers and the functionality provided by the presence of metal centers. These multifunctional organometallic polyyne polymers exhibit convenient structural variability as well as optical and electronic properties, which renders them important for use in different research domains as chemical sensors and sensor protectors, as converters for light/electricity signals, and as patternable precursors to magnetic metal alloy nanoparticles.

Dual-emissive photoluminescent Langmuir-Blodgett films of decatungstoeuropate and an amphiphilic iridium complex

Langmuir monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of the decatungstoeuropate [Eu(W(5)O(18))(2)](9-) (EuW(10)) and the amphiphilic Ir complex 1 have been successfully fabricated by using the adsorption properties of the EuW(10) polyanion dissolved in the aqueous subphase onto a positively charged 1 monolayer at the air-water interface. The compression isotherms and Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) of monolayers of 1 on pure water (1 monolayer) and on a subphase containing 10(-6) M EuW(10) and 10(-3) M NaCl (1/EuW(10) monolayer) have been studied. Infrared and UV-vis spectroscopy of the transferred LB films indicate that EuW(10) and 1 molecules are incorporated within these LB films. X-ray reflectivity (SXR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments indicate that LB films of 1 present a heterogeneous morphology while 1/EuW(10) films show a flatter and more homogeneous surface as well as a layered structure with a periodicity of 4.1 nm. Mixed monolayers of 1 and DODA (dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide) have been prepared with EuW(10) polyanions in the subphase to control the concentration of 1 and EuW(10) polyanions within the LB films. AFM and SXR experiments with the transferred LB films show that the dilution of 1 with DODA improves the layered structure. The luminescence of 1 is partially quenched by EuW(10) in the 1/EuW(10) LB films, while emission from EuW(10) is not detected. On the other hand, emission from both entities is preserved in the LB films prepared from mixed DODA/1 monolayers, in which the red and yellow emissions arise independently from EuW(10) and 1, respectively. The different DODA:1 ratios lead to changes in the emission color. Therefore, they constitute a promising color-tunable luminescent material.

Preparation and characterization of Langmuir-Blodgett films of wheel-shaped Cu-20 tungstophosphate and DODA by two different strategies

A novel surfactant-encapsulated organic-inorganic hybrid compound (DODA)(24)Li[Cu(20)Cl(OH)(24)(P(8)W(48)O(184))] x 18 H(2)O (DODA-Cu20) has been prepared from the wheel-shaped tungstophosphate salt K(12)Li(13)[Cu(20)Cl(OH)(24)(H(2)O)(12)(P(8)W(48)O(184))] x 22 H(2)O (Cu20) and dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DODA), and it has been characterized by elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), (1)H NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Monolayer and multilayer films of DODA-Cu20 were fabricated on different substrates by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique using H(2)O as the subphase. Another type of organic-inorganic hybrid film, DODA/Cu20, was also deposited on the same substrates as used for the film containing DODA-Cu20 under the same conditions by the LB technique using a Cu20 aqueous solution as the subphase and DODA as the cationic amphiphile for comparison. Both thus-prepared organic-inorganic hybrid films were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, transmission and polarized FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results indicate that stable monolayers at the air-water interface for DODA-Cu20 and at the air-Cu20 solution interface for DODA can be formed and that two LB films containing DODA-Cu20 and DODA/Cu20 constructed by two different methods both exhibit well-ordered lamellar structures. It is proposed that Cu20 exhibits different packing modes in the two LB films depending on the deposition strategy used.

Nanoscale assemblies of gigantic molecular {Mo154}-rings: (dimethyldioctadecylammonium)20[Mo154O462H8(H2O)70]

Clusters based on the mixed-valence gigantic inorganic ring [Mo154O462H14(H2O)70]14- ({Mo154}-ring) and dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DODA) were combined to form novel molecular assemblies of an inorganic-organic hybrid molecular system as Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) and cast films. (DODA)20[Mo154O462H8(H2O)70] (2) was prepared by cation exchange and was characterized by a combination of thermogravimetry, IR, UV-vis-NIR, 1H NMR, and XRD measurements. The salt 2 was soluble in common organic solvents, and the chemical stability of {Mo154}-ring encapsulated by DODA cationic surfactants in CHCl3 was found to be higher than that of the "native" sodium salt of the {Mo154}-ring in H2O. Uniform spherical vesicle-like molecular assemblies of (DODA)20[Mo154O462H8(H2O)70] were observed in dilute THF, whose average diameter of 95 nm and a normalized variance of 5.7% were confirmed by a X-ray small-angle scattering. Deposition of 2 as a cast film showed circular domains with a typical diameter of approximately 100 nm, indicating possible similarities between solution and surface-deposited structures. The resulting LB films of salt 2 were transferred from an acidic buffer subphase with pH = 1.5 onto mica, giving a two-dimensional film surface with a unity transfer ratio. Further, the electronic absorption spectra of the LB multilayer were consistent with the classic type II mixed-valence MoV/MoVI electronic state well know for molybdenum blue {Mo154}-ring systems, and it appears that on the surface the plane of the {Mo154}-ring is approximately parallel to the substrate surface, as indicated by polarized electronic spectra, while the alkyl chains of DODA were relatively normal to the substrate surface. Therefore, the layer between the {Mo154}-rings and DODA cations was alternately stacked along the direction of film propagation. Finally, it was found that the surface morphology of the cast and LB films was determined by the molecular assembly of (DODA)20[Mo154O462H8(H2O)70] in solution and the air-water interface, respectively.

Investigation of inorganic cluster–surfactant flocculants for virion sequestration and removal from aqueous media

Anionic polyoxometalates or cationic aluminum clusters when combined with a surfactant of an opposite charge form hydrophobic precipitates that are approximately lamellar with alternating layers of interdigitated surfactant tails and inorganic clusters. The charged surfactant heads are associated with the inorganic cluster layers. When these phases self-assemble and precipitate from aqueous media spiked with a virus titer, either bovine enterovirus (BEV) or influenza A, the precipitates effectively sequester the virions via an enmeshment process. These studies were done via precipitation and filtration of the cluster-surfactant floc in the presence of the virus, followed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) analysis of the filtrate. Efficacy of these cluster-surfactant phases for virion sequestration is variable as a function of their solubility, the size of colloid formed in solution, and their degree of long-range order. Generally less soluble, poorly ordered precipitates that form the largest colloids are the most effective virion sequestering media. Cluster-surfactant phases were characterized in solution by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and dynamic light scattering (DLS); and in the solid-state by powder X-ray diffraction and solid-state magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR.

Structure, photochromic, and electrochemical properties of dioctadecylamine/H3PMo12O40 Langmuir–Blodgett film

We used the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique to construct a well-defined and structure-controllable photochromic material-a highly ordered multilayer film composed of dioctadecylamine and 12-molybdophosphoric acid (PMo12). We identified well-ordered lamellar structures using X-ray diffraction, polarized IR, and Raman spectra, and we determined a packing model of the two components in the LB film. We found the Keggin structure and fundamental features of the PMo12 ion to be maintained in the hybrid film. This hybrid LB film displayed photochromic properties upon UV light irradiation and we observed the following process from first-order kinetics. The photochromism exhibited the ability to switch between colorless and blue. A fading process occurred when the film was exposed to ambient air or O2 in the dark. During the color change, the packing structure of the film was well maintained. We also examined the electrochemical behavior of the hybrid LB film by cyclic voltammetry in detail and we propose different kinetic mechanisms for the film before and after irradiation.

Langmuir-Blodgett films of a Mo-blue nanoring [Mo(142)O(429)H(10)(H(2)O)(49)(CH(3)CO(2))(5)(CH(3)CH(2)CO(2))](30)(-) (Mo(142)) by the semiamphiphilic method

Langmuir monolayers and LB films of the ring-shaped mixed-valence polyoxomolybdate [Mo142O429H10(H2O)49(CH3CO2)5(CH3CH2CO2)](30-) (Mo142) dissolved in the aqueous subphase have been successfully fabricated by using the adsorption properties of a DODA monolayer. Infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy of the LB films indicates that Mo142 and DODA molecules are incorporated within these LB films. X-ray reflectivity experiments indicate that the LB films exhibit a well-defined lamellar structure formed by bilayers of DODA molecules alternating with monolayers of Mo142. Using behenic acid-modified hydrophobic quartz substrate is critical for the formation of the well-defined lamellar structure. From the values of the periodicity obtained by these experiments it is clear that the Mo142 clusters lie flat along the charged organic layers. AFM images also showed the flat and homogeneous films on the quartz substrates treated with behenic acid. Cyclic voltammograms of Mo142-LB films deposited on ITO substrates showed quasi-reversible oxidation/reduction waves with positive shift of the potential compared to the case of solution.