51
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Recent developments in methodology employed to study the interactions between nanomaterials and model lipid membranes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:2743-58. [PMID: 26603178 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
With the boom of nanotechnology, nanomaterials (NMs) have been widely utilized in diverse applications, especially in biological and biomedical fields. Understanding how NMs interact with biomolecules, including proteins, DNA, and lipids, is of great importance for revealing the limitations posed and opportunities offered. Model lipid membrane, as a simplified cell membrane model, has been widely used to study the nanomaterial-lipid membrane interactions. In this article, current and emerging techniques, both experimental and theoretical, to investigate the interactions between NMs and model lipid membrane are summarized with each tool's capacities and limitations, along with future directions and challenges in this exciting area. This critical information will provide methodological guidance for researchers in this field.
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52
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Goreham RV, Thompson VC, Samura Y, Gibson CT, Shapter JG, Köper I. Interaction of silver nanoparticles with tethered bilayer lipid membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:5868-5874. [PMID: 25950498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles are well-known for their antibacterial properties. However, the detailed mechanism describing the interaction between the nanoparticles and a cell membrane is not fully understood, which can impede the use of the particles in biomedical applications. Here, a tethered bilayer lipid membrane has been used as a model system to mimic a natural membrane and to study the effect of exposure to small silver nanoparticles with diameters of about 2 nm. The solid supported membrane architecture allowed for the application of surface analytical techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Exposure of the membrane to solutions of the silver nanoparticles led to a small but completely reversible perturbation of the lipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee V Goreham
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia 5042
| | - Vanessa C Thompson
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia 5042
| | - Yuya Samura
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia 5042
| | - Christopher T Gibson
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia 5042
| | - Joseph G Shapter
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia 5042
| | - Ingo Köper
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia 5042
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53
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Su YC, Chen JZY. A model of vesicle tubulation and pearling induced by adsorbing particles. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:4054-4060. [PMID: 25907594 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00565e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We study the basic theoretical model of a deformable vesicle immersed in a solution of particles that can adsorb onto one of the two surfaces of a membrane. The model consists of an adsorption energy gain for the adsorbing particles and the Canham-Helfrich membrane bending energy, in which the spontaneous curvature is coupled with the adsorption area. We demonstrate that bud, pearling, and tube conformations can be stabilized after minimizing the free energy and that the pearling-tubulation transition has the characteristics of an abrupt structural transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Su
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, CanadaN2L 3G1.
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54
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Role of electrolyte in the occurrence of the voltage induced phase transitions in a dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine monolayer on Hg. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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55
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Allouni ZE, Gjerdet NR, Cimpan MR, Høl PJ. The effect of blood protein adsorption on cellular uptake of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:687-95. [PMID: 25632230 PMCID: PMC4304597 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s72726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein adsorption onto nanoparticles (NPs) in biological fluids has emerged as an important factor when testing biological responses to NPs, as this may influence both uptake and subsequent toxicity. The aim of the present study was to quantify the adsorption of proteins onto TiO2 NPs and to test the influence on cellular uptake. The surface composition of the particles was characterized by thermal analysis and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The adsorption of three blood proteins, ie, human serum albumin (HSA), γ-globulins (Glbs), and fibrinogen (Fib), onto three types of anatase NPs of different sizes was quantified for each protein. The concentration of the adsorbed protein was measured by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry using the Bradford method. The degree of cellular uptake was quantified by inductivity coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, and visualized by an ultra-high resolution imaging system. The proteins were adsorbed onto all of the anatase NPs. The quantity adsorbed increased with time and was higher for the smaller particles. Fib and Glbs showed the highest affinity to TiO2 NPs, while the lowest was seen for HSA. The adsorption of proteins affected the surface charge and the hydrodynamic diameter of the NPs in cell culture medium. The degree of particle uptake was highest in protein-free medium and in the presence HSA, followed by culture medium supplemented with Glbs, and lowest in the presence of Fib. The results indicate that the uptake of anatase NPs by fibroblasts is influenced by the identity of the adsorbed protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zouhir E Allouni
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Biomaterials, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nils R Gjerdet
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Biomaterials, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mihaela R Cimpan
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Biomaterials, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Paul J Høl
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Clinical Medicine, Biomaterials, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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56
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Alkhammash HI, Li N, Berthier R, de Planque MRR. Native silica nanoparticles are powerful membrane disruptors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:15547-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05882h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles permeabilize liposomal membranes as a function of nanoparticle size, surface chemistry and biocoating as well as membrane charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend I. Alkhammash
- Electronics and Computer Science & Institute for Life Sciences
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
- Department of Physics
| | - Nan Li
- Electronics and Computer Science & Institute for Life Sciences
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
| | - Rémy Berthier
- Electronics and Computer Science & Institute for Life Sciences
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
| | - Maurits R. R. de Planque
- Electronics and Computer Science & Institute for Life Sciences
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
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57
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He XC, Lin M, Li F, Sha BY, Xu F, Qu ZG, Wang L. Advances in studies of nanoparticle–biomembrane interactions. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:121-41. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are widely applied in nanomedicine and diagnostics based on the interactions between NPs and the basic barrier (biomembrane). Understanding the underlying mechanism of these interactions is important for enhancing their beneficial effects and avoiding potential nanotoxicity. Experimental, mathematical and numerical modeling techniques are involved in this field. This article reviews the state-of-the-art techniques in studies of NP–biomembrane interactions with a focus on each technology's advantages and disadvantages. The aim is to better understand the mechanism of NP–biomembrane interactions and provide significant guidance for various fields, such as nanomedicine and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cong He
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
| | - Min Lin
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science & Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
| | - Bao Yong Sha
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710021, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science & Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
| | - Zhi Guo Qu
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science & Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, PR China
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58
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Beales PA, Ciani B, Cleasby AJ. Nature's lessons in design: nanomachines to scaffold, remodel and shape membrane compartments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:15489-507. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00480b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the membrane sculpting capabilities of proteins from experimental model systems could be used to construct functional compartmentalised architectures for the engineering of synthetic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Beales
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology
- University of Leeds
- Leeds LS2 9JT
- UK
| | - Barbara Ciani
- Centre for Membrane Interaction and Dynamics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield S3 7HF
- UK
| | - Alexa J. Cleasby
- Centre for Membrane Interaction and Dynamics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield S3 7HF
- UK
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59
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Ramakrishnan N, Sunil Kumar PB, Radhakrishnan R. Mesoscale computational studies of membrane bilayer remodeling by curvature-inducing proteins. PHYSICS REPORTS 2014; 543:1-60. [PMID: 25484487 PMCID: PMC4251917 DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Biological membranes constitute boundaries of cells and cell organelles. These membranes are soft fluid interfaces whose thermodynamic states are dictated by bending moduli, induced curvature fields, and thermal fluctuations. Recently, there has been a flood of experimental evidence highlighting active roles for these structures in many cellular processes ranging from trafficking of cargo to cell motility. It is believed that the local membrane curvature, which is continuously altered due to its interactions with myriad proteins and other macromolecules attached to its surface, holds the key to the emergent functionality in these cellular processes. Mechanisms at the atomic scale are dictated by protein-lipid interaction strength, lipid composition, lipid distribution in the vicinity of the protein, shape and amino acid composition of the protein, and its amino acid contents. The specificity of molecular interactions together with the cooperativity of multiple proteins induce and stabilize complex membrane shapes at the mesoscale. These shapes span a wide spectrum ranging from the spherical plasma membrane to the complex cisternae of the Golgi apparatus. Mapping the relation between the protein-induced deformations at the molecular scale and the resulting mesoscale morphologies is key to bridging cellular experiments across the various length scales. In this review, we focus on the theoretical and computational methods used to understand the phenomenology underlying protein-driven membrane remodeling. Interactions at the molecular scale can be computationally probed by all atom and coarse grained molecular dynamics (MD, CGMD), as well as dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations, which we only describe in passing. We choose to focus on several continuum approaches extending the Canham - Helfrich elastic energy model for membranes to include the effect of curvature-inducing proteins and explore the conformational phase space of such systems. In this description, the protein is expressed in the form of a spontaneous curvature field. The approaches include field theoretical methods limited to the small deformation regime, triangulated surfaces and particle-based computational models to investigate the large-deformation regimes observed in the natural state of many biological membranes. Applications of these methods to understand the properties of biological membranes in homogeneous and inhomogeneous environments of proteins, whose underlying curvature fields are either isotropic or anisotropic, are discussed. The diversity in the curvature fields elicits a rich variety of morphological states, including tubes, discs, branched tubes, and caveola. Mapping the thermodynamic stability of these states as a function of tuning parameters such as concentration and strength of curvature induction of the proteins is discussed. The relative stabilities of these self-organized shapes are examined through free-energy calculations. The suite of methods discussed here can be tailored to applications in specific cellular settings such as endocytosis during cargo trafficking and tubulation of filopodial structures in migrating cells, which makes these methods a powerful complement to experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Ramakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA-19104
| | - P. B. Sunil Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India - 600036
| | - Ravi Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA-19104
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60
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Li Y, Zhang X, Cao D. A spontaneous penetration mechanism of patterned nanoparticles across a biomembrane. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:6844-6856. [PMID: 25082334 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent experimental studies have shown the ability of tailoring the nanoparticle (NP)-cell interaction via the engineering of NP surfaces. Although the considerable progress has been made in design of patterned NPs for drug delivery, the effect of surface pattern on the NP-cell interaction is not fully understood yet. In this work, we used a dissipative particle dynamics method to systematically investigate the effects of NP surface pattern on its penetration across a membrane. For stripy NPs or patchy NPs having a large stripe width or patch size, an "insertion-rotation" penetration mechanism is found. Results indicate that stripy NPs and patchy NPs coated with narrow stripes or small patches can directly penetrate the cell membrane with a less constrained rotation. By considering the spontaneous penetration of many NPs into a vesicle, we found that NP aggregation would lead to the shape change of the vesicle, and therefore cause the leakage of encapsulated solvent or membrane rupture, implying the possible cytotoxicity. In short, this work gives a fundamental understanding for the penetration mechanism of the ligand patterned NPs, which provides useful reference for the design of NPs for controllable cell penetrability and targeted delivery of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- Division of Molecular and Materials Simulation, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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61
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Gordillo GJ, Krpetić Z, Brust M. Interactions of gold nanoparticles with a phospholipid monolayer membrane on mercury. ACS NANO 2014; 8:6074-80. [PMID: 24878256 DOI: 10.1021/nn501395e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
It is demonstrated that a compact monolayer of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine adsorbed to a hanging mercury drop electrode can serve as a simple electrochemical model system to study biomembrane penetration by gold nanoparticles. The hydrogen redox-chemistry characteristic of ligand-stabilized gold nanoparticles in molecularly close contact with a mercury electrode is used as an indicator of membrane penetration. Results for water-dispersible gold nanoparticles of two different sizes are reported, and comparisons are made with the cellular uptake of the same preparations of nanoparticles by a common human fibroblast cell line. The experimental system described here can be used to study physicochemical aspects of membrane penetration in the absence of complex biological mechanisms, and it could also be a starting point for the development of a test bed for the toxicity of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel J Gordillo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, INQUIMAE (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires , Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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62
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Montis C, Maiolo D, Alessandri I, Bergese P, Berti D. Interaction of nanoparticles with lipid membranes: a multiscale perspective. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:6452-7. [PMID: 24807475 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00838c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Freestanding lipid bilayers were challenged with 15 nm Au nanospheres either coated by a citrate layer or passivated by a protein corona. The effect of Au nanospheres on the bilayer morphology, permeability and fluidity presents strong differences or similarities, depending on the observation length scale, from the colloidal to the molecular domains. These findings suggest that the interaction between nanoparticles and lipid membranes should be conveniently treated as a multiscale phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Montis
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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63
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Zhang S, Chen R, Malhotra G, Critchley K, Vakurov A, Nelson A. Electrochemical modelling of QD-phospholipid interactions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 420:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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64
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Drašler B, Drobne D, Novak S, Valant J, Boljte S, Otrin L, Rappolt M, Sartori B, Iglič A, Kralj-Iglič V, Šuštar V, Makovec D, Gyergyek S, Hočevar M, Godec M, Zupanc J. Effects of magnetic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles on biological and artificial lipid membranes. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1559-81. [PMID: 24741305 PMCID: PMC3970951 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s57671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this work is to provide experimental evidence on the interactions of suspended nanoparticles with artificial or biological membranes and to assess the possibility of suspended nanoparticles interacting with the lipid component of biological membranes. Methods 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) lipid vesicles and human red blood cells were incubated in suspensions of magnetic bare cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) or citric acid (CA)-adsorbed CoFe2O4 nanoparticles dispersed in phosphate-buffered saline and glucose solution. The stability of POPC giant unilamellar vesicles after incubation in the tested nanoparticle suspensions was assessed by phase-contrast light microscopy and analyzed with computer-aided imaging. Structural changes in the POPC multilamellar vesicles were assessed by small angle X-ray scattering, and the shape transformation of red blood cells after incubation in tested suspensions of nanoparticles was observed using scanning electron microscopy and sedimentation, agglutination, and hemolysis assays. Results Artificial lipid membranes were disturbed more by CA-adsorbed CoFe2O4 nanoparticle suspensions than by bare CoFe2O4 nanoparticle suspensions. CA-adsorbed CoFe2O4-CA nanoparticles caused more significant shape transformation in red blood cells than bare CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. Conclusion Consistent with their smaller sized agglomerates, CA-adsorbed CoFe2O4 nanoparticles demonstrate more pronounced effects on artificial and biological membranes. Larger agglomerates of nanoparticles were confirmed to be reactive against lipid membranes and thus not acceptable for use with red blood cells. This finding is significant with respect to the efficient and safe application of nanoparticles as medicinal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Drašler
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia ; Centre of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Technologies for the Future, Ljubljana, Slovenia ; Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Novak
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Valant
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sabina Boljte
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia ; Institute of Microbial Sciences and Technologies, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lado Otrin
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michael Rappolt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Basovizza, Italy ; School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Barbara Sartori
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Basovizza, Italy
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Kralj-Iglič
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vid Šuštar
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Chair of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darko Makovec
- Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Ljubljana, Slovenia ; Institute Jožef Stefan, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Matej Hočevar
- Institute of Metals and Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Godec
- Institute of Metals and Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Zupanc
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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65
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Dasgupta S, Auth T, Gompper G. Shape and orientation matter for the cellular uptake of nonspherical particles. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:687-93. [PMID: 24383757 DOI: 10.1021/nl403949h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnology have made a whole zoo of particles of different shapes available for applications, but their interaction with biological cells and their toxicity is often not well understood. Experiments have shown that particle uptake by cells is determined by an intricate interplay between physicochemical particle properties like shape, size, and surface functionalization, but also by membrane properties and particle orientation. Our work provides systematic understanding, based on a mechanical description, for membrane wrapping of nanoparticles, viruses, and bacterial forms. For rod-like particles, we find stable endocytotic states with small and high wrapping fraction; an increased aspect ratio is unfavorable for complete wrapping. For high aspect ratios and round tips, the particles enter via a submarine mode, side-first with their long edge parallel to the membrane. For small aspect ratios and flat tips, the particles enter tip-first via a rocket mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Dasgupta
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich , D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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66
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Van Lehn RC, Alexander-Katz A. Free energy change for insertion of charged, monolayer-protected nanoparticles into lipid bilayers. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:648-58. [PMID: 24795979 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm52329b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Charged, monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with core diameters smaller than 10 nm have recently emerged as a prominent class of nanomaterial for use in targeted drug delivery and biosensing. In particular, recent experimental studies showed that AuNPs protected by a binary mixture of purely hydrophobic and anionic, end-functionalized alkanethiol ligands were able to spontaneously penetrate through cell membranes via a non-endocytic, non-disruptive mechanism. The critical step in the penetration process is a fusion step during which the AuNPs insert into the hydrophobic core of the bilayer. This fusion step is driven by hydrophobic forces as inserted AuNPs minimize their exposed hydrophobic surface area and thereby lower their free energy compared to particles in the bulk. Here, we explore the effect of the large parameter space of composition, size, ligand length, morphology, and hydrophobicity strength on the change in the free energy upon insertion. Using a newly developed implicit bilayer, implicit solvent simulation model, our work shows that there is a size cutoff for insertion that has a strong dependence on surface composition and ligand chemistry. Our results agree well with previous experimental findings for a particular value of the hydrophobicity strength. This work provides physical insight that may be used to both understand the insertion of AuNPs into bilayers and guide the design of monolayers to either encourage or inhibit insertion.
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67
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Zheng W, Liu Y, West A, Schuler EE, Yehl K, Dyer RB, Kindt JT, Salaita K. Quantum dots encapsulated within phospholipid membranes: phase-dependent structure, photostability, and site-selective functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:1992-9. [PMID: 24417287 PMCID: PMC3985776 DOI: 10.1021/ja411339f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Lipid vesicle encapsulation is an
efficient approach to transfer
quantum dots (QDs) into aqueous solutions, which is important for
renewable energy applications and biological imaging. However, little
is known about the molecular organization at the interface between
a QD and lipid membrane. To address this issue, we investigated the
properties of 3.0 nm CdSe QDs encapsulated within phospholipid membranes
displaying a range of phase transition temperatures (Tm). Theoretical and experimental results indicate that
the QD locally alters membrane structure, and in turn, the physical
state (phase) of the membrane controls the optical and chemical properties
of the QDs. Using photoluminescence, ICP-MS, optical microscopy, and
ligand exchange studies, we found that the Tm of the membrane controls optical and chemical properties
of lipid vesicle-embedded QDs. Importantly, QDs encapsulated within
gel-phase membranes were ultrastable, providing the most photostable
non-core/shell QDs in aqueous solution reported to date. Atomistic
molecular dynamics simulations support these observations and indicate
that membranes are locally disordered displaying greater disordered
organization near the particle–solution interface. Using this
asymmetry in membrane organization near the particle, we identify
a new approach for site-selective modification of QDs by specifically
functionalizing the QD surface facing the outer lipid leaflet to generate
gold nanoparticle–QD assemblies programmed by Watson–Crick
base-pairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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68
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Gao H, He Q. The interaction of nanoparticles with plasma proteins and the consequent influence on nanoparticles behavior. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:409-20. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.877442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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69
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Vakurov A, Guillermo Mokry, Drummond-Brydson R, Wallace R, Svendsen C, Nelson A. ZnO nanoparticle interactions with phospholipid monolayers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 404:161-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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70
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Liu F, Wu D, Kamm RD, Chen K. Analysis of nanoprobe penetration through a lipid bilayer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:1667-73. [PMID: 23524226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of nanotechnology and biotechnology, nanoscale structures are increasingly used in cellular biology. However, the interface between artificial materials and a biological membrane is not well understood, and the harm caused by the interaction is poorly controlled. Here, we utilize the dissipative particle dynamics simulation method to study the interface when a nanoscale probe penetrates the cell membrane, and propose that an appropriate surface architecture can reduce the harm experienced by a cell membrane. The simulation shows that a hydrophilic probe generates a hydrophilic hole around the probe while a hydrophobic probe leads to a 'T-junction' state as some lipid molecules move toward the two ends of the probe. Both types of probe significantly disrupt lipid bilayer organization as reflected by the large variations in free energy associated with penetration of the membrane. Considering the hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature of the lipid bilayer, three other hydrophilic/hydrophobic patterns - band pattern, axial pattern and random pattern - are discussed to reduce the damage to the lipid membrane. Both the free energy analysis and simulation studies show that the axial pattern and the random pattern can both minimize the variations in free energy with correspondingly smaller adverse effects on membrane function. These results suggest that the axial pattern or random pattern nanoprobe generates a mild interaction with the biological membrane, which should be considered when designing nondestructive nanoscale structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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71
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Mironava T, Simon M, Rafailovich MH, Rigas B. Platinum folate nanoparticles toxicity: cancer vs. normal cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:882-9. [PMID: 23318730 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Almost for two decades metallic nanoparticles are successfully used for cancer detection, imaging and treatment. Due to their high electron density they can be easily observed by electron microscopy and used in laser and radiofrequency therapy as energy releasing agents. However, the limitation for this practice is an inability to generate tumor-specific heating in a minimally invasive manner to the healthy tissue. To overcome this restraint we proposed to use folic acid coated metallic nanoparticles and determine whether they preferentially penetrate cancer cells. We developed technique for synthesizing platinum nanoparticles using folic acid as stabilizing agent which produced particles of relatively narrow size distribution, having d=2.3 ± 0.5 nm. High resolution TEM and zeta potential analysis indicated that the particles produced by this method had a high degree of crystalline order with no amorphous outer shell and a high degree of colloidal stability. The keratinocytes and mammary breast cells (cancer and normal) were incubated with platinum folate nanoparticles, and the results showed that the IC50 was significantly higher for the normal cells than the cancer cells in both cases, indicating that these nanoparticles preferentially target the cancer cells. TEM images of thin sections taken from the two types of cells indicated that the number of vacuoles and morphology changes after incubation with nanoparticles was also larger for the cancer cells in both types of tissue studied. No preferential toxicity was observed when folic acid receptors were saturated with free folic acid prior to exposure to nanoparticles. These results confirm our hypothesis regarding the preferential penetration of folic acid coated nanoparticles to cancer cells due to receptor mediated endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana Mironava
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Facility, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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72
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Churchman AH, Wallace R, Milne SJ, Brown AP, Brydson R, Beales PA. Serum albumin enhances the membrane activity of ZnO nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4172-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc37871c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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73
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Mu Q, Hondow NS, Krzemiński L, Brown AP, Jeuken LJC, Routledge MN. Mechanism of cellular uptake of genotoxic silica nanoparticles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2012; 9:29. [PMID: 22823932 PMCID: PMC3479067 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-9-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms for cellular uptake of nanoparticles have important implications for nanoparticulate drug delivery and toxicity. We have explored the mechanism of uptake of amorphous silica nanoparticles of 14 nm diameter, which agglomerate in culture medium to hydrodynamic diameters around 500 nm. In HT29, HaCat and A549 cells, cytotoxicity was observed at nanoparticle concentrations ≥ 1 μg/ml, but DNA damage was evident at 0.1 μg/ml and above. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed entry of the silica particles into A549 cells exposed to 10 μg/ml of nanoparticles. The particles were observed in the cytoplasm but not within membrane bound vesicles or in the nucleus. TEM of cells exposed to nanoparticles at 4°C for 30 minutes showed particles enter cells when activity is low, suggesting a passive mode of entry. Plasma lipid membrane models identified physical interactions between the membrane and the silica NPs. Quartz crystal microbalance experiments on tethered bilayer lipid membrane systems show that the nanoparticles strongly bind to lipid membranes, forming an adherent monolayer on the membrane. Leakage assays on large unilamellar vesicles (400 nm diameter) indicate that binding of the silica NPs transiently disrupts the vesicles which rapidly self-seal. We suggest that an adhesive interaction between silica nanoparticles and lipid membranes could cause passive cellular uptake of the particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Mu
- Centre for Molecular NanoScience (CMNS), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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