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Ricotti L, Taccola S, Bernardeschi I, Pensabene V, Dario P, Menciassi A. Quantification of growth and differentiation of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells on PSS–PAH-based polyelectrolyte layer-by-layer nanofilms. Biomed Mater 2011; 6:031001. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/6/3/031001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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52
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Grohmann S, Rothe H, Frant M, Liefeith K. Colloidal Force Spectroscopy and Cell Biological Investigations on Biomimetic Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Coatings Composed of Chondroitin Sulfate and Heparin. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1987-97. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200258q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Grohmann
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques (iba), Rosenhof, 37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany
| | - Holger Rothe
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques (iba), Rosenhof, 37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany
| | - Marion Frant
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques (iba), Rosenhof, 37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany
| | - Klaus Liefeith
- Institute for Bioprocessing and Analytical Measurement Techniques (iba), Rosenhof, 37308 Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany
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53
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Lehaf AM, Moussallem MD, Schlenoff JB. Correlating the compliance and permeability of photo-cross-linked polyelectrolyte multilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:4756-4763. [PMID: 21443175 PMCID: PMC3075366 DOI: 10.1021/la200229h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Photo-cross-linkable polyelectrolyte multilayers were made from poly(allylamine) (PAH) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) modified with a photosensitive benzophenone. Nanoindentation, using atomic force microscopy (AFM) of these and unmodified PAH/PAA multilayers, was used to assess their mechanical properties in situ under an aqueous buffer. Under the conditions employed (and a 20 nm radius AFM tip), reliable nanoindentations that appeared to be decoupled from the properties of the silicon substrate were obtained for films greater than 150 nm in thickness. A strong difference in the apparent modulus was observed for films terminated with positive as compared to negative polyelectrolytes. Films terminated with PAA were more glassy, suggesting better charge matching of polyelectrolytes. Multilayers irradiated for up to 100 min showed a smooth, controlled increase in the modulus with little change in the water contact angle. The permeability to iodide ion, measured electrochemically, also decreased in a controlled fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Lehaf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
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54
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Detzel CJ, Larkin AL, Rajagopalan P. Polyelectrolyte multilayers in tissue engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2011; 17:101-13. [PMID: 21210759 PMCID: PMC3062467 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2010.0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The layer-by-layer assembly of sequentially adsorbed, alternating polyelectrolytes has become increasingly important over the past two decades. The ease and versatility in assembling polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) has resulted in numerous wide ranging applications of these materials. More recently, PEMs are being used in biological applications ranging from biomaterials, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery. The ability to manipulate the chemical, physical, surface, and topographical properties of these multilayer architectures by simply changing the pH, ionic strength, thickness, and postassembly modifications render them highly suitable to probe the effects of external stimuli on cellular responsiveness. In the field of regenerative medicine, the ability to sequester growth factors and to tether peptides to PEMs has been exploited to direct the lineage of progenitor cells and to subsequently maintain a desired phenotype. Additional novel applications include the use of PEMs in the assembly of three-dimensional layered architectures and as coatings for individual cells to deliver tunable payloads of drugs or bioactive molecules. This review focuses on literature related to the modulation of chemical and physical properties of PEMs for tissue engineering applications and recent research efforts in maintaining and directing cellular phenotype in stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Detzel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Adam L. Larkin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Padmavathy Rajagopalan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
- ICTAS Center for Systems Biology of Engineered Tissues, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
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55
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Lavalle P, Voegel JC, Vautier D, Senger B, Schaaf P, Ball V. Dynamic aspects of films prepared by a sequential deposition of species: perspectives for smart and responsive materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:1191-221. [PMID: 21264957 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201003309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of surface coatings using a step-by-step approach from mutually interacting species allows the fabrication of so called "multilayered films". These coatings are very versatile and easy to produce in environmentally friendly conditions, mostly from aqueous solution. They find more and more applications in many hot topic areas, such as in biomaterials and nanoelectronics but also in stimuli-responsive films. We aim to review the most recent developments in such stimuli-responsive coatings based on layer-by-layer (LBL) depositions in relationship to the properties of these coatings. The most investigated stimuli are based on changes in ionic strength, temperature, exposure to light, and mechanical forces. The possibility to induce a transition from linear to exponential growth in thickness and to change the charge compensation from "intrinsic" to "extrinsic" by controlling parameters such as temperature, pH, and ionic strength are the ways to confer their responsiveness to the films. Chemical post-modifications also allow to significantly modify the film properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lavalle
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 977, 11 rue Humann, Strasbourg Cedex, France
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Fujie T, Haniuda H, Takeoka S. Convenient method for surface modification by patching a freestanding anti-biofouling nanosheet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10156k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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58
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Crouzier T, Boudou T, Picart C. Polysaccharide-based polyelectrolyte multilayers. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2010.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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59
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Alves NM, Pashkuleva I, Reis RL, Mano JF. Controlling cell behavior through the design of polymer surfaces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:2208-20. [PMID: 20848593 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201000233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polymers have gained a remarkable place in the biomedical field as materials for the fabrication of various devices and for tissue engineering applications. The initial acceptance or rejection of an implantable device is dictated by the crosstalk of the material surface with the bioentities present in the physiological environment. Advances in microfabrication and nanotechnology offer new tools to investigate the complex signaling cascade induced by the components of the extracellular matrix and consequently allow cellular responses to be tailored through the mimicking of some elements of the signaling paths. Patterning methods and selective chemical modification schemes at different length scales can provide biocompatible surfaces that control cellular interactions on the micrometer and sub-micrometer scales on which cells are organized. In this review, the potential of chemically and topographically structured micro- and nanopolymer surfaces are discussed in hopes of a better understanding of cell-biomaterial interactions, including the recent use of biomimetic approaches or stimuli-responsive macromolecules. Additionally, the focus will be on how the knowledge obtained using these surfaces can be incorporated to design biocompatible materials for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, implants, cell-based biosensors, diagnostic systems, and basic cell biology. The review focusses on the research carried out during the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália M Alves
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue, Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
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60
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Niemiec W, Zapotoczny S, Szczubiałka K, Laschewsky A, Nowakowska M. Nanoheterogeneous multilayer films with perfluorinated domains fabricated using the layer-by-layer method. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:11915-11920. [PMID: 20527832 DOI: 10.1021/la1012044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanoheterogenous ultrathin films containing perfluorinated domains were prepared via the layer-by-layer (LbL) electrostatic self-assembly method. The films are constructed from the amphiphilic cationic copolymer with perfluorinated side chains and poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) (PSS). The LbL process was optimized by the application of sonication which allowed linear growth of the film. The resulting film exhibited micellar structure with isolated fluorocarbon hydrophobic domains. The remarkable features of the films were their switchable wettability and friction properties. The obtained water-processable films can find a number of potential applications, e.g., as smart and low friction coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktor Niemiec
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-060 Kraków, Ingardena 3, Poland
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61
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Boudou T, Crouzier T, Ren K, Blin G, Picart C. Multiple functionalities of polyelectrolyte multilayer films: new biomedical applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:441-67. [PMID: 20217734 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200901327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The design of advanced functional materials with nanometer- and micrometer-scale control over their properties is of considerable interest for both fundamental and applied studies because of the many potential applications for these materials in the fields of biomedical materials, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. The layer-by-layer deposition technique introduced in the early 1990s by Decher, Moehwald, and Lvov is a versatile technique, which has attracted an increasing number of researchers in recent years due to its wide range of advantages for biomedical applications: ease of preparation under "mild" conditions compatible with physiological media, capability of incorporating bioactive molecules, extra-cellular matrix components and biopolymers in the films, tunable mechanical properties, and spatio-temporal control over film organization. The last few years have seen a significant increase in reports exploring the possibilities offered by diffusing molecules into films to control their internal structures or design "reservoirs," as well as control their mechanical properties. Such properties, associated with the chemical properties of films, are particularly important for designing biomedical devices that contain bioactive molecules. In this review, we highlight recent work on designing and controlling film properties at the nanometer and micrometer scales with a view to developing new biomaterial coatings, tissue engineered constructs that could mimic in vivo cellular microenvironments, and stem cell "niches."
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Boudou
- Grenoble-INP, LMGP-MINATEC, CNRS UMR 5628 3, Parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France
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62
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Boudou T, Crouzier T, Auzély-Velty R, Glinel K, Picart C. Internal composition versus the mechanical properties of polyelectrolyte multilayer films: the influence of chemical cross-linking. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:13809-13819. [PMID: 20560550 DOI: 10.1021/la9018663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Different types of polyelectrolyte multilayer films composed of poly(L-lysine)/hyaluronan (PLL/HA), chitosan/hyaluronan (CHI/HA) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(L-glutamic acid) (PAH/PGA) have been investigated for their internal composition, including water content, ion pairing, and ability to be covalently cross-linked, as well as for their mechanical properties. Film buildup under physiological conditions was monitored by the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), which allows unambiguous quantification of the different groups present in the polyelectrolytes. (PAH/PGA) films emerged as the most dense films with the lowest hydration (29%) and the highest COO(-) molar density. In addition, PAH is greatly in excess in these films (3 PAH monomers per PGA monomer). The formation of amide bonds during film cross-linking using the water-soluble carbodiimide EDC was also investigated. All of the films could be cross-linked in a tunable manner, but PAH/PGA exhibited the highest absolute number of amide bonds created, approximately 7 times more than for (PLL/HA) and (CHI/HA) films. The Young's modulus E of the films measured by AFM nanoindentation was shown to vary over 1 to 2 orders of magnitude for the different systems. Interestingly, a linear relationship between E and the density of the covalent cross-links created was observed for (PLL/HA) and (CHI/HA) films whereas (PGA/PAH) films exhibited biphasic behavior. The mean distance between covalent cross-links was estimated to be approximately 11 nm for (PLL/HA) and (CHI/HA) films and only approximately 6 nm for (PAH/PGA) films for the maximum EDC concentration tested (100 mg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Boudou
- Minatec, Grenoble Institute of Technology and LMGP, F-38016 Grenoble Cedex, France
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63
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Lichter JA, Van Vliet KJ, Rubner MF. Design of Antibacterial Surfaces and Interfaces: Polyelectrolyte Multilayers as a Multifunctional Platform. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901356s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny A. Lichter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Krystyn J. Van Vliet
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Michael F. Rubner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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64
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Jiang B, Barnett JB, Li B. Advances in polyelectrolyte multilayer nanofilms as tunable drug delivery systems. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2009; 2:21-7. [PMID: 24198464 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s5705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been considerable interest in polyelectrolyte multilayer nanofilms, which have a variety of applications ranging from optical and electrochemical materials to biomedical devices. Polyelectrolyte multilayer nanofilms are constructed from aqueous solutions using electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly of oppositely-charged polyelectrolytes on a solid substrate. Multifunctional polyelectrolyte multilayer nanofilms have been studied using charged dyes, metal and inorganic nanoparticles, DNA, proteins, and viruses. In the past few years, there has been increasing attention to developing polyelectrolyte multilayer nanofilms as drug delivery vehicles. In this mini-review, we present recent developments in polyelectrolyte multilayer nanofilms with tunable drug delivery properties, with particular emphasis on the strategies in tuning the loading and release of drugs in polyelectrolyte multilayer nanofilms as well as their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Jiang
- Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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