51
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Omay D, Guvenilir Y. Synthesis and characterization of poly(d,l-lactic acid) via enzymatic ring opening polymerization by using free and immobilized lipase. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2013.795148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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52
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Abdolmaleki A, Mohamadi Z. Acidic ionic liquids catalyst in homo and graft polymerization of ε-caprolactone. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-2941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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53
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Maisonneuve L, Lebarbé T, Grau E, Cramail H. Structure–properties relationship of fatty acid-based thermoplastics as synthetic polymer mimics. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00791j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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54
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Xiong XB, Binkhathlan Z, Molavi O, Lavasanifar A. Amphiphilic block co-polymers: preparation and application in nanodrug and gene delivery. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:2017-33. [PMID: 22406912 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of amphiphilic block co-polymers composed of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as the hydrophilic block and poly(ether)s, poly(amino acid)s, poly(ester)s and polypropyleneoxide (PPO) as the hydrophobic block can lead to the formation of nanoscopic structures of different morphologies. These structures have been the subject of extensive research in the past decade as artificial mimics of lipoproteins and viral vectors for drug and gene delivery. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the synthesis of commonly used amphiphilic block co-polymers. It will also briefly go over some pharmaceutical applications of amphiphilic block co-polymers as "nanodelivery systems" for small molecules and gene therapeutics.
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55
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Hao J, Granowski PC, Stefan MC. Zinc Undecylenate Catalyst for the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Caprolactone Monomers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:1294-9. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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56
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Bouyahyi M, Pepels MPF, Heise A, Duchateau R. ω-Pentandecalactone Polymerization and ω-Pentadecalactone/ε-Caprolactone Copolymerization Reactions Using Organic Catalysts. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3001675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miloud Bouyahyi
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry,
Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, P.O. Box 513,
5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mark P. F. Pepels
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry,
Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, P.O. Box 513,
5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Heise
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Rob Duchateau
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry,
Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, P.O. Box 513,
5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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57
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Tschan MJL, Brulé E, Haquette P, Thomas CM. Synthesis of biodegradable polymers from renewable resources. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py00452f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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58
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Mazarro R, Gracia I, Rodríguez JF, Storti G, Morbidelli M. Kinetics of the ring-opening polymerization of D,L-lactide using zinc (II) octoate as catalyst. POLYM INT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.3182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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59
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Yang Y, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Liu C, Shi W, Li Q. Lipase/esterase-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization: A green polyester synthesis technique. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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60
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van der Meulen I, Gubbels E, Huijser S, Sablong R, Koning CE, Heise A, Duchateau R. Catalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Renewable Macrolactones to High Molecular Weight Polyethylene-like Polymers. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200685u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inge van der Meulen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Gubbels
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Huijser
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rafaël Sablong
- Polymer Technology Group Eindhoven BV, Het Kranenveld, P.O. Box 6284, 5600 HG Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cor E. Koning
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Heise
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rob Duchateau
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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61
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Kundu S, Bhangale AS, Wallace WE, Flynn KM, Guttman CM, Gross RA, Beers KL. Continuous flow enzyme-catalyzed polymerization in a microreactor. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:6006-11. [PMID: 21438577 DOI: 10.1021/ja111346c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes immobilized on solid supports are increasingly used for greener, more sustainable chemical transformation processes. Here, we used microreactors to study enzyme-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone to polycaprolactone. A novel microreactor design enabled us to perform these heterogeneous reactions in continuous mode, in organic media, and at elevated temperatures. Using microreactors, we achieved faster polymerization and higher molecular mass compared to using batch reactors. While this study focused on polymerization reactions, it is evident that similar microreactor based platforms can readily be extended to other enzyme-based systems, for example, high-throughput screening of new enzymes and to precision measurements of new processes where continuous flow mode is preferred. This is the first reported demonstration of a solid supported enzyme-catalyzed polymerization reaction in continuous mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Kundu
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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62
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Nakayama Y, Watanabe N, Kusaba K, Sasaki K, Cai Z, Shiono T, Tsutsumi C. High activity of rare earth tetrahydroborates for ring-opening polymerization of ω-pentadecalactone. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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63
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Strandman S, Gautrot JE, Zhu XX. Recent advances in entropy-driven ring-opening polymerizations. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00328j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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64
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Lecomte P, Jérôme C. Recent Developments in Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactones. SYNTHETIC BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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65
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Hydrolases Part I: Enzyme Mechanism, Selectivity and Control in the Synthesis of Well-Defined Polymers. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2010_86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
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66
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Hydrolases in Polymer Chemistry: Chemoenzymatic Approaches to Polymeric Materials. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2010_74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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67
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Domínguez de María P. Minimal Hydrolases: Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerizations Catalyzed by Naturally Occurring Carboxylic Acids. ChemCatChem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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68
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Piskun YA, Vasilenko IV, Kostjuk SV, Zaitsev KV, Zaitseva GS, Karlov SS. Titanium complexes of dialkanolamine ligands as initiators for living ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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69
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Oshimura M, Takasu A. Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone Catalyzed by Rare-Earth Perfluoroalkanesulfonates and Perfluoroalkanesulfonimides. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902557t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Oshimura
- Department of Frontier Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Akinori Takasu
- Department of Frontier Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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70
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Kobayashi S, Makino A. Enzymatic polymer synthesis: an opportunity for green polymer chemistry. Chem Rev 2010; 109:5288-353. [PMID: 19824647 DOI: 10.1021/cr900165z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Kobayashi
- R & D Center for Bio-based Materials, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
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71
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de Geus M, van der Meulen I, Goderis B, van Hecke K, Dorschu M, van der Werff H, Koning CE, Heise A. Performance polymers from renewable monomers: high molecular weight poly(pentadecalactone) for fiber applications. Polym Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b9py00360f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polypendadecalactone has properties comparable to polyethylene. Enzymatic polymerisation affords polymers with high molecular weight, which can be spun into fibres with high crystalline order and strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs de Geus
- Technische Universiteit Eindhoven
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Inge van der Meulen
- Technische Universiteit Eindhoven
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Bart Goderis
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
- Chemistry Department
- Molecular and Nanomaterials
- Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Kristof van Hecke
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
- Chemistry Department
- Biomolecular Architecture
- Heverlee
- Belgium
| | | | | | - Cor E. Koning
- Technische Universiteit Eindhoven
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Heise
- Technische Universiteit Eindhoven
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
- Dublin City University
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72
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Long W, Gill CS, Choi S, Jones CW. Recoverable and recyclable magnetic nanoparticle supported aluminium isopropoxide for ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:1470-2. [DOI: 10.1039/b923622h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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73
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Kobayashi S. Lipase-catalyzed polyester synthesis--a green polymer chemistry. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2010; 86:338-65. [PMID: 20431260 PMCID: PMC3417799 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.86.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This article is a short comprehensive review describing in vitro polyester synthesis catalyzed by a hydrolysis enzyme of lipase, most of which has been developed for these two decades. Polyesters are prepared by repeated ester bond-formation reactions; they include two major modes, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic monomers such as cyclic esters (lactones) and condensation polymerization via the reaction between a carboxylic acid or its ester group and an alcohol group. Polyester synthesis is, therefore, a reaction in reverse way of in vivo lipase catalysis of ester bond-cleavage with hydrolysis. The lipase-catalyzed polymerizations show very high chemo-, regio-, and enantio-selectivities and involve various advantageous characteristics. Lipase is robust and compatible with other chemical catalysts, which allows novel chemoenzymatic processes. New syntheses of a variety of functional polyesters and a plausible reaction mechanism of lipase catalysis are mentioned. The polymerization characteristics are of green nature currently demanded for sustainable society, and hence, desirable for conducting 'green polymer chemistry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Kobayashi
- R & D Center for Biobased Materials, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
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74
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Maeda T, Otsuka H, Takahara A. Dynamic covalent polymers: Reorganizable polymers with dynamic covalent bonds. Prog Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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75
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Veld MAJ, Fransson L, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW, Hult K. Lactone Size Dependent Reactivity inCandida AntarcticaLipase B: A Molecular Dynamics and Docking Study. Chembiochem 2009; 10:1330-4. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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76
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Oshimura M, Takasu A, Nagata K. Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization of ϵ-Caprolactone Using Polymer-Supported Scandium Trifluoromethanesulfonate in Organic Solvent and Ionic Liquids. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802870n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Oshimura
- Department of Frontier Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Akinori Takasu
- Department of Frontier Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Nagata
- Department of Frontier Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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77
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Kobayashi S. Recent Developments in Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Polyesters. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 30:237-66. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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78
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79
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Sugih AK, Picchioni F, Heeres HJ. Experimental studies on the ring opening polymerization of p-dioxanone using an Al(OiPr)3-monosaccharide initiator system. Eur Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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80
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van der Meulen I, de Geus M, Antheunis H, Deumens R, Joosten EAJ, Koning CE, Heise A. Polymers from Functional Macrolactones as Potential Biomaterials: Enzymatic Ring Opening Polymerization, Biodegradation, and Biocompatibility. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:3404-10. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800898c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inge van der Meulen
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Post Office Box 616 (Box 38), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs de Geus
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Post Office Box 616 (Box 38), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Harro Antheunis
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Post Office Box 616 (Box 38), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Deumens
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Post Office Box 616 (Box 38), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elbert A. J. Joosten
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Post Office Box 616 (Box 38), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cor E. Koning
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Post Office Box 616 (Box 38), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Heise
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, Post Office Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Post Office Box 616 (Box 38), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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81
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Lahcini M, Schwarz G, Kricheldorf HR. Bismuth halide-catalyzed polymerizations of ε-caprolactone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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82
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Wu R, Al-Azemi TF, Bisht KS. Functionalized Polycarbonate Derived from Tartaric Acid: Enzymatic Ring-Opening Polymerization of a Seven-Membered Cyclic Carbonate. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:2921-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800696q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620
| | - Talal F. Al-Azemi
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620
| | - Kirpal S. Bisht
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620
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83
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Takwa M, Hult K, Martinelle M. Single-Step, Solvent-Free Enzymatic Route to α,ω-Functionalized Polypentadecalactone Macromonomers. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma800074a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Takwa
- Royal Institute of Technology, School of Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Hult
- Royal Institute of Technology, School of Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Martinelle
- Royal Institute of Technology, School of Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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84
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Mazarro R, de Lucas A, Gracia I, Rodríguez JF. Kinetic Study of D,L-Lactide and Glycolide Homopolymerizations by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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85
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Takasu A, Oshimura M, Hirabayashi T. Controlled ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone using polymer-supported scandium catalyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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86
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Takwa M, Xiao Y, Simpson N, Malmström E, Hult K, Koning CE, Heise A, Martinelle M. Lipase Catalyzed HEMA Initiated Ring-Opening Polymerization: In Situ Formation of Mixed Polyester Methacrylates by Transesterification. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:704-10. [DOI: 10.1021/bm7010449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Takwa
- School of Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, PO Box 513, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Yan Xiao
- School of Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, PO Box 513, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Neil Simpson
- School of Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, PO Box 513, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Malmström
- School of Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, PO Box 513, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Karl Hult
- School of Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, PO Box 513, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cor E. Koning
- School of Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, PO Box 513, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Heise
- School of Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, PO Box 513, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mats Martinelle
- School of Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, PO Box 513, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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87
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Hunsen M, Abul A, Xie W, Gross R. Humicola insolens Cutinase-Catalyzed Lactone Ring-Opening Polymerizations: Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:518-22. [DOI: 10.1021/bm701269p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mo Hunsen
- Department of Chemistry, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, NSF-I/UCRC Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Polytechnic University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
| | - Azim Abul
- Department of Chemistry, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, NSF-I/UCRC Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Polytechnic University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
| | - Wenchun Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, NSF-I/UCRC Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Polytechnic University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
| | - Richard Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, NSF-I/UCRC Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing of Macromolecules, Polytechnic University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
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88
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Dove AP. Controlled ring-opening polymerisation of cyclic esters: polymer blocks in self-assembled nanostructures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:6446-70. [DOI: 10.1039/b813059k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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89
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Zhou J, Wang W, Villarroya S, Thurecht KJ, Howdle SM. Epoxy functionalised poly(ε-caprolactone): synthesis and application. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:5806-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b810297j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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90
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Sinnwell S, Ritter H. Lipase Catalyzed Chemoselective Ring‐Opening Polymerization of ϵ‐Caprolactone in Presence of γ‐Hydroxy‐α‐methylenebutyric Acid. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320701561056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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91
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Li H, Liao L, Liu L. Kinetic Investigation into the Non-Thermal Microwave Effect on the Ring-Opening Polymerization ofɛ-Caprolactone. Macromol Rapid Commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200600648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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92
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Thurecht KJ, Howdle SM, Davis AL, Hyde JR. GECO-DOSY Post-Processing Analysis of Polymers. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061345q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven M. Howdle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Adrienne L. Davis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jason R. Hyde
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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93
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Lohmeijer BGG, Pratt RC, Leibfarth F, Logan JW, Long DA, Dove AP, Nederberg F, Choi J, Wade C, Waymouth RM, Hedrick JL. Guanidine and Amidine Organocatalysts for Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0619381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 593] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bas G. G. Lohmeijer
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120; University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069; Chemistry Department, San José State University, San Jose, California 95192; Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022; Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Russell C. Pratt
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120; University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069; Chemistry Department, San José State University, San Jose, California 95192; Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022; Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Frank Leibfarth
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120; University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069; Chemistry Department, San José State University, San Jose, California 95192; Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022; Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - John W. Logan
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120; University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069; Chemistry Department, San José State University, San Jose, California 95192; Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022; Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - David A. Long
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120; University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069; Chemistry Department, San José State University, San Jose, California 95192; Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022; Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120; University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069; Chemistry Department, San José State University, San Jose, California 95192; Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022; Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Fredrik Nederberg
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120; University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069; Chemistry Department, San José State University, San Jose, California 95192; Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022; Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Jeongsoo Choi
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120; University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069; Chemistry Department, San José State University, San Jose, California 95192; Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022; Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Charles Wade
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120; University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069; Chemistry Department, San José State University, San Jose, California 95192; Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022; Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Robert M. Waymouth
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120; University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069; Chemistry Department, San José State University, San Jose, California 95192; Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022; Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - James L. Hedrick
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120; University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069; Chemistry Department, San José State University, San Jose, California 95192; Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022; Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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94
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Thurecht KJ, Heise A, deGeus M, Villarroya S, Zhou J, Wyatt MF, Howdle SM. Kinetics of Enzymatic Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061310q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristofer J. Thurecht
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service Centre, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Andreas Heise
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service Centre, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Matthijs deGeus
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service Centre, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Silvia Villarroya
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service Centre, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Jiaxiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service Centre, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Mark F. Wyatt
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service Centre, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Steven M. Howdle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service Centre, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
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95
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Li H, Liao L, Wang Q, Liu L. Flash-Heating-Enhanced Ring-Opening Polymerizations ofɛ-Caprolactone under Conventional Conditions. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200600302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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96
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Coulembier O, Degée P, Hedrick JL, Dubois P. From controlled ring-opening polymerization to biodegradable aliphatic polyester: Especially poly(β-malic acid) derivatives. Prog Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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97
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Ye P, Xu ZK, Wu J, Innocent C, Seta P. Nanofibrous poly(acrylonitrile-co-maleic acid) membranes functionalized with gelatin and chitosan for lipase immobilization. Biomaterials 2006; 27:4169-76. [PMID: 16584770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2005] [Accepted: 03/15/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanofibrous membranes with an average diameter of 100 and 180 nm were fabricated from poly(acrylonitrile-co-maleic acid) (PANCMA) by the electrospinning process. These nanofibrous membranes contain reactive groups which can be used to covalently immobilize biomacromolecules. Two natural macromolecules, chitosan and gelatin, were tethered on these nanofibrous membranes to fabricate dual-layer biomimetic supports for enzyme immobilization in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(dimethyl-aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/N-hydroxyl succinimide (NHS). Lipase from Candida rugosa was then immobilized on these dual-layer biomimetic supports using glutaraldehyde (GA), and on the nascent PANCMA fibrous membrane using EDC/NHS as coupling agent, respectively. The properties of the immobilized lipases were assayed. It was found that there is an increase of the activity retention of the immobilized lipase on the chitosan-modified nanofibrous membrane (45.6+/-1.8%) and on the gelatin-modified one (49.7+/-1.8%), compared to that on the nascent one (37.6+/-1.8%). The kinetic parameters of the free and immobilized lipases, K(m) and V(max), were also assayed. In comparison with the immobilized lipase on the nascent nanofibrous membrane, there is an increase of the V(max) value for the immobilized lipases on the chitosan- and gelatin-modified nanofibrous membranes. Results also indicate that the pH and thermal stabilities of lipases increase upon immobilization. The residual activities of the immobilized lipases are 55% on the chitosan-modified nanofibrous membrane and 60% on the gelatin-modified one, after 10 uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ye
- Institute of Polymer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
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98
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Kobayashi S. Enzymatic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactones by Lipase Catalyst: Mechanistic Aspects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200650822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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99
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van der Mee L, Helmich F, de Bruijn R, Vekemans JAJM, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW. Investigation of Lipase-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerizations of Lactones with Various Ring Sizes: Kinetic Evaluation. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma060668j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars van der Mee
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Helmich
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Robin de Bruijn
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jef A. J. M. Vekemans
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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100
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Breteler MRT, Zhong Z, Dijkstra PJ, Palmans ARA, Peeters J, Feijen J. Ring-opening polymerization of substituted ɛ-caprolactones with a chiral (salen) AlOiPr complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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